Spring—bean的自动装配

Spring IOC 容器可以自动装配 Bean. 需要做的仅仅是在 <bean> 的 autowire 属性里指定自动装配的模式

分为两种模式：

byName，byType

byName(根据名称自动装配)：必须将目标 Bean 的名称和属性名设置的完全相同.

byType(根据类型自动装配)：若 IOC 容器中有多个与目标 Bean 类型一致的 Bean. 在这种情况下, Spring 将无法判定哪个 Bean 最合适该属性, 所以不能执行自动装配.

例：

一、创建三个实体类Adress，Car，Person，分别在类中创建几个成员变量，之后再写出对应的get，set方法；

1、Adress类

package com.atguigu.spring.autowire;

public class Address {
	private String city;
	private String street;
	public String getCity() {
		return city;
	}
	public void setCity(String city) {
		this.city = city;
	}
	public String getStreet() {
		return street;
	}
	public void setStreet(String street) {
		this.street = street;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
	}
}

2、Car类

package com.atguigu.spring.autowire;

public class Car {
	private String brand;
	private double price;
	public String getBrand() {
		return brand;
	}
	public void setBrand(String brand) {
		this.brand = brand;
	}
	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + "]";
	}
}

3、Person类

package com.atguigu.spring.autowire;
public class Person {
	private String name;
	private Address address;
	private Car car;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Address getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(Address address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + ", address=" + address + ", car=" + car + "]";
	}
}

二、创建spring-autowire.xml配置文件

1、byType：通过bean的class值与要进行注入的属性的类型进行匹配

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
	<bean id="address" class="com.atguigu.spring.autowire.Address">
		<property name="city" value="Beijing"></property>
		<property name="street" value="huilongguan"></property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car" class="com.atguigu.spring.autowire.Car" p:brand="Audi" p:price="400000">
	</bean>
	<bean id="person" class="com.atguigu.spring.autowire.Person" autowire="byType">
		<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

2、byName：byname:通过bean的id值与要进行注入的属性名进行匹配

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
	<bean id="address" class="com.atguigu.spring.autowire.Address">
		<property name="city" value="Beijing"></property>
		<property name="street" value="huilongguan"></property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="car" class="com.atguigu.spring.autowire.Car" p:brand="Audi" p:price="400000">
	</bean>
	<bean id="person" class="com.atguigu.spring.autowire.Person" autowire="byName">
		<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>