三个线程循环打印ABC

加锁版

利用锁保证线程同步，多个线程共享同一变量threadId，每次打印完之后，就将threadId修改为自己的下一任线程可以拿到锁的状态。

C++

#include <mutex>
#include <thread>
#include <condition_variable>
using namespace std;

mutex m; //全局锁
condition_variable cv;//条件变量
int id=1;//标记那个线程拥有打印权限
void print(int curId,int nextId,string letter){
    unique_lock<mutex>lock(m);
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        while (curId!=id){ //如果我没有权限那就阻塞等待
            cv.wait(lock);
        }
        //有权限了打印
        cout<<letter;
        id=nextId; //将权限赋给下一任
        cv.notify_all();//唤醒所有阻塞等待的线程
    }
}
int main() {
    thread t1(print,1,2,"A");
    thread t2(print,2,3,"B");
    thread t3(print,3,1,"C");
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    t3.join();
    return 0;
}

java

class Resource {
    private int loop; //打印次数
    private int threadId;//标记那个线程拥有打印权限

    public Resource(int loop, int threadId) {
        this.loop = loop;
        this.threadId = threadId;//初始拥有打印权限的线程id
    }


    public void print(int curThreadId, int nextThreadId, String letter) {
        for (int i = 0; i < loop; i++) {//循环loop次
            synchronized (this) { //拿对象锁
                while (this.threadId != curThreadId) { //没有轮到自己就释放锁等待
                    try {
                        wait();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "打印 " + letter); //打印ABCABC....
                this.threadId = nextThreadId; //设置下一个线程可以打印
                notifyAll(); //唤醒所有其他线程
            }
        }
    }
}

 class Solution {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Resource res = new Resource(10, 1);
        new Thread(()->res.print(1,2,"A")).start();
        new Thread(()->res.print(2,3,"B")).start();
        new Thread(()->res.print(3,1,"C")).start();
    }
}

不加锁版

不加锁的话，就是利用线程之间的通信原理了，多个线程修改同一个变量并告知其他线程，然后利用取模来决定由谁打印

java

class Resource{
    private  int cnt=0;
    public void print(int num,String letter){
        int i=0;
        while (i<10){
            if(cnt%3==num){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"打印："+letter);
                cnt++;
                i++;
            }
        }
    }
}
class t{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Resource res = new Resource();
        new Thread(()->res.print(0,"A"),"a").start();
        new Thread(()->res.print(1,"B"),"b").start();
        new Thread(()->res.print(2,"C"),"c").start();
    }
}

c++

int cnt=0;
void print1(int num,string letter){
    int i=0;
    while (i<10){
        if(cnt%3==num){
            cout<<letter;
            cnt++;
            i++;
        }
    }
}
int main() {
    thread t1(print1,0,"A");
    thread t2(print1,1,"B");
    thread t3(print1,2,"C");
    t1.join();
    t2.join();
    t3.join();
    return 0;
}