javaweb从入门到上手--基于IDEA版本实操

手把手带你走进javaweb

从环境安装到代码实操，从小白到入门的实操讲解

一. java运行环境jdk的安装

不造重复的轮子原则，具体看牛客网的安装基础教程：
jdk安装及基础：https://www.nowcoder.com/tutorial/10001/244d6df8a4ea40748ec0e5eaa7f3c3da

二.javaweb的开发工具准备

tomcat: 官网下载解压即可：https://tomcat.apache.org/
IDEA: https://blog.csdn.net/lxqasn/article/details/106563851
Maven:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43811057/article/details/108235117
避免每次在idea新建maven项目时都需要选择maven(默认是idea自带的maven)，需要配置一下idea的设置

三.第一个javaweb程序

开发工具都准备好了，下面开始写第一个javaweb程序：

1.启动idea
2.新建一个webapp的maven项目

其实，新建项目后，就可以启动一个web项目了，系统默认生成了一个index.jsp,访问
http://localhost:8080/就可以跳到这个页面了

3.编写servlet基本程序代码

3.1 替换web.xml的头部web-app
web.xml头部及基本结构

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
          http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
</web-app>

3.2 pom.xml导入相关的servlet的jar包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.king</groupId>
  <artifactId>javaweb01</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.11</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

</project>

3.3 新建一个类，继承HttpServlet并重写(Ctrl+o)doPost和doGet方法

public class ServletTest extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {

        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setHeader("Content-Type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.write("我是响应内容test");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

3.4 web配置servlet映射

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
          http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0"
         metadata-complete="false">
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.king.ServletTest</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/a</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

3.5 运行项目，效果如图：

四.了解Cookie和Session