Python学习4-6

"""

第4章  操作列表
    for
    
第5章  if语句
    if-elif-else
    range()
    list()
    [:]

第6章  字典
    alien = {'color': 'green','points':5}


注：此py可直接运行

"""




"""
>>> digits = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
>>> min(digits)
1
>>> max(digits)
9
>>> sum(digits)
45

"""

###### for 用法######

print("\n\tModule testing 1\n")

magicans = ['aa','bb','cc','dd']
for magican in magicans:                # 特别注意注意符号 ：   与c语言区别！
    print(magican)                      # 从magicans 中取元素存储在临时变量magican 中


for magican in magicans:                # 采用缩进 不用{} 注意区别c语言
    print(magican.title() + ",that was a great trick! \n")
    print('1111')
    print('2222')                       

    
for value in range(1,5):                # -> 1 2 3 4  （纵向排列）
    print(value)

number = list(range(1,5))               #输出数字列表
print(number)                           # -> [1, 2, 3, 4]


number = list(range(1,9,2))             # 2 为步长
print(number)                           # -> [1, 3, 5, 7]


print("\n\tModule testing 2\n")
squares = []
for value in range(1,11):
    square = value**2                   # 写法1
    squares.append(square)

print(squares)

squares2 = []
for value in range(1,11):
    squares2.append(value**2)           # 写法2

print(squares2)

squares3 = []
squares3 = [value**2 for value in range(1,11)]
print(squares3)                         # 写法3  列表解析         p.54


players = ['cc','asd','sadf','opdf']    # 遍历切片
for player in players[0:2]:
    print(player.title())

play = players[:]                       # 复制列表
print(play)
play2 = players[0:2]
print(play2)



print("\n\tModule testing 3\n")
"""
不能修改的值称为不可变的，不可变的列表叫做元祖
print(dimensions[0])  这种访问是错误的
dimensions[1] = 250   也是错误的 不能给元祖额元素赋值
"""
dimensions = (200,50)                   # 定义一个元祖 注意时是（）而不是[ ]
for dimension in dimensions:            
    print(dimension)

"""
不能修改元祖的元素值，但是可以给存储元祖的变量赋值
因此，可采用重新定义整个元祖
"""
dimensions = (300,250)
for dimension in dimensions:
    print(dimension)



###### if 用法######
    
print("\n\tModule testing 4\n")
    
cars = ['ter','svs','bbq','mdzz']
c = 1
for car in cars:
    if car == 'svs':
        print("The" + str(c) + "rd one is matched!")
    else:
        print("The" + str(c) + "rd one is unmatched!")
    c = c + 1


age = 21

if age >= 20:                   # if - elif - else
    print("aaaa")
elif age<10:
    print("ssss")
elif age < 15:
    print("zzzz")
else:
    print("eeee")


requested = ['ccc','ddd','fff','ggg']

if 'ccd' in requested:          # 判断列表中是否存在xxx这样的元素
    print("1")
elif 'ddd' in requested:
    print("2")
else:
    print("3")


isempty = []

if isempty:                     # 判空
    print("")
else:
    print("Empty!")


available = ['aa','bb','cc','dd','ee','ff']
adding = ['aa','bb','kk']
for add in adding:
    if add in available:
        print("Adding  " + add + ".")
    else:
        print("Sorry,we do not have  " + add)




###### 字 典 p.81 ######
# 前者为键，后者为值，键-值 之间 冒号 ： 隔开

print("\n\tModule testing 5\n")

alien = {'color': 'green','points':5}   # 简单的字典 注意是中括号 {}
print(alien)                            # -> {'color': 'green', 'points': 5}                   
print(alien['color'])                   # -> green
print(alien['points'])                  # -> 5


alien['add1'] = 23                      # 添加键-值对
alien['add2'] = 12
print(alien)


alien2 = {}                             # 创建一个空字典
alien2['add111'] = 'cccc'
alien2['add222'] = 222
print(alien2)


alien2['add111'] = 'LLLL'               # 修改字典中的值
print(alien2)


del alien2['add222']                    # 删除字典键-值
print(alien2)



print("\n\tModule testing 6\n")
fav_languages = {                       # 由类似对象组成的字典
    'hux':'Engh',
    'YYl':'Janp',
    'c.c':'fgfg',
    'L.L':'zzzz'                        # 与下成对比 最后一个元素加不加逗号都可以 p.86
    }
print(fav_languages['L.L'])

fav_a = {'ss':1,'dd':2}
print(fav_a['dd'])


###### 字 典 遍 历 ######

print("\Module testing 7\n")
for key,value in fav_languages.items():     # items()  遍历字典 
    print('\nkey:' + key)                   # 声明key value两个变量存储 键 值
    print('value:' + value)                 # 注意此处有加号 +
print("[遍历字典]\n")


for key,value in fav_languages.items():     # 注意此处有加号 +
    print(key.title() + "'s favorite language is " + value )
print("[遍历字典2]\n")


for name in fav_languages.keys():           # 方法keys() 遍历所有 键 
    print('name ：' + name.title())
print("[keys（）遍历键]\n")


for name in fav_languages:                  # 不使用keys 结果相同 因为系统默认遍历键 
    print('name ：' + name.title())
print("[遍历键]\n")


if 'c.cd' not in fav_languages:             # fav_languages.keys()  同
    print("Inexistent")
print("\n")


for name in sorted(fav_languages):          # sorted() 按顺序遍历
    print(name)
print("[按顺序遍历]\n")


for value in fav_languages.values():        # values() 遍历所有 值
    print(value)
print("[遍历 值]\n")


###### 嵌 套 ######

print("\n\tModule testing 8\n")

alien_0 = {'color':'green','points':5}
alien_1 = {'color':'blue','points':6}
alien_2 = {'color':'black','points':7}

aliens = [alien_0,alien_1,alien_2]

for alien in aliens:
    print(alien)                            # 打印
print(alien['points'],'\n')                 # 此时打印最后一个的points -> 7


for alien in aliens:
    print(alien['color'])                   # 打印三种颜色 -> green blue black 纵向
for alien in aliens:
    print(alien['color'])                   # print(alien['color','points']) 错误
    print(alien['points'])                  # -> green 5 blue 6 black 7  纵向6
print('\n')


aliens = []                                 # 创建一个空列表，注意此处括号 [] 以及下面的 {}

for alien_number in range(30):              # 创建30个alien,  range返回一系列数字，告知循环次数
    new_alien = {'color':'green','points':5,'speed':'slow'}
    aliens.append(new_alien)                # range(30) 同 range(0,30)
    
for alien in aliens[:6]:                    # 打印6 个
    print(alien)
print("Total number of aliens :" + str(len(aliens)),'\n') # 此处加号与逗号皆可


for alien in aliens[:3]:                    # 修改alien
    if alien['color'] == 'green':
        alien['color'] = 'yeelow'
        alien['points'] = 10
        alien['speed'] = 'medium'

for alien in aliens[:4]:                    # 打印前四个alien
    print(alien)



print("\n\tModule testing 9\n")

pizza = {
    'crust':'thick',
    'toppings':['mushrooms','extra cheese'],    # 返回一个配料表，p.96
    }

print("You ordered a " + pizza['crust'] + " - crust pizza" +
      " with the following toppings:")

for topping in pizza['toppings']:
    print('\t' + topping)

fav_languages = {
    'jen':['python','c++','c'],
    'sar':['c'],
    'phl':['go','matlab'],
    'wer':['lingo','java'],
    }
for name,languages in fav_languages.items():    # 注意有 items()
    print('\n' + name.title())
    for language in languages:
        print('\t' + language.title())



###### 字典 中 存储 字典 ######
        
print("\n\tModule testing 10\n")

users = {
    'Ania':{
        'first':'albert',
        'last':'einstein',
        'location':'princeton',
        },
    'Bris':{
        'first':'sdsdt',
        'last':'adadsad',
        'location':'rtioin',
        },
    }
"""
定义user_name存储'Ania','Bris'
    定义user_infomation存储第二层字典
    定义time存储'first','last'...
    定义info存储'albert','einstein'...

user = {
    user_name : user_infomation ,
    }

user_infomation = {
    time : info ,
    }
        
"""
for user_name,user_infomation in users.items(): # 循环默认遍历前者,即user_name
    print('\n' + user_name)                     # 因而可以直接输出
    for time,info in user_infomation.items():
        print('\t' + time)
        print('\t\t' + info)
print('\n')


for user_name,user_infomation in users.items():
    print("\n user_name:" + user_name)
    time = user_infomation['first'] + " " + user_infomation['last']
    location = user_infomation['location']

    print("\t Full_name: " + time.title())
    print("\t Location: " +location.title())