Python GUI编程(Tkinter)笔记

1 显示任意格式图片

Tkinter只支持显示GIF图片，若需要显示PNG、JPG、BMP等格式图片，方法如下：

import tkinter
from PIL import Image, ImageTk

root = tkinter.Tk()
label_text = tkinter.Label(root, text="图片标题")
label_text.pack()

img_open = Image.open('img/result.bmp')
img_png = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img_open)
label_img = tkinter.Label(root, image=img_png)
label_img.pack()
root.mainloop()

2 固定框架Frame大小

frame会随内部的按钮等部件摆放设置变化而变化大小，请问怎样能固定住?

Frame如果设置大小的话，只有当使用了pack_propagate(0)或者grid_propagate(0)之后，(width,height)才起作用，而且调用前Frame要pack或者grid了。

3 选择文件夹或文件

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.filedialog import askdirectory


def selectPath():
    path_ = askdirectory()
    print(path_)
    path.set(path_)


root = Tk()
path = StringVar()

Label(root, text="目标路径:").grid(row=0, column=0)
Entry(root, textvariable=path).grid(row=0, column=1)
Button(root, text="路径选择", command=selectPath).grid(row=0, column=2)

root.mainloop()

4 展示菜单栏

from tkinter import *


def new():
    s = '新建'
    lb1.config(text=s)


def ope():
    s = '打开'
    lb1.config(text=s)


def sav():
    s = '保存'
    lb1.config(text=s)


def cut():
    s = '剪切'
    lb1.config(text=s)


def cop():
    s = '复制'
    lb1.config(text=s)


def pas():
    s = '粘贴'
    lb1.config(text=s)


def popupmenu(event):
    mainmenu.post(event.x_root, event.y_root)


root = Tk()
root.title('菜单实验')
root.geometry('420x340')

lb1 = Label(root, text='显示信息', font=('黑体', 32, 'bold'))
lb1.place(relx=0.2, rely=0.2)

mainmenu = Menu(root)
menuFile = Menu(mainmenu)  # 菜单分组 menuFile
mainmenu.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=menuFile)
menuFile.add_command(label="新建", command=new)
menuFile.add_command(label="打开", command=ope)
menuFile.add_command(label="保存", command=sav)
menuFile.add_separator()  # 分割线
menuFile.add_command(label="退出", command=root.destroy)

menuEdit = Menu(mainmenu)  # 菜单分组 menuEdit
mainmenu.add_cascade(label="编辑", menu=menuEdit)
menuEdit.add_command(label="剪切", command=cut)
menuEdit.add_command(label="复制", command=cop())
menuEdit.add_command(label="粘贴", command=pas())

root.config(menu=mainmenu)
root.bind('Button-3', popupmenu)  # 根窗体绑定鼠标右击响应事件
root.mainloop()

5 展示选择的图片

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import filedialog
import cv2
import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageTk


class DisplayImage:
    '''用于展示选择的图片'''

    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
        master.title("GUI")
        self.image_frame = Frame(master, bd=0, height=200, width=800, bg='yellow', highlightthickness=2,
                                 highlightbackground='gray', highlightcolor='black')
        self.image_frame.pack()
        self.Text_label = Label(master, text='图像预览')
        self.Text_label.pack()
        self.Choose_image = Button(master, command=self.choose_pic, text="Choose image",
                                   width=17, default=ACTIVE, borderwidth=0)
        self.Choose_image.pack()
        self.Display_image = Button(master, command=self.display_image, text="Display image",
                                    width=17, default=ACTIVE, borderwidth=0)
        self.Display_image.pack()
        self.filenames = []
        self.pic_filelist = []
        self.imgt_list = []
        self.image_labellist = []

    def display_image(self, event=None):
        # 在重新选择图片时清空原先列表
        self.pic_filelist.clear()
        self.imgt_list.clear()
        self.image_labellist.clear()

        # 清空框架中的内容
        for widget in self.image_frame.winfo_children():
            widget.destroy()

        # 布局所选图片
        for i in range(len(self.filenames)):
            self.pic_filelist.append(Image.open(self.filenames[i]).resize((200, 200)))
            self.imgt_list.append(ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=self.pic_filelist[i]))
            self.image_labellist.append(Label(self.image_frame, highlightthickness=0, borderwidth=0))
            self.image_labellist[i].configure(image=self.imgt_list[i])
            self.image_labellist[i].pack(side=LEFT, expand=True)

    def choose_pic(self, event=None):
        self.filenames.clear()
        self.filenames += filedialog.askopenfilenames()


def main():
    window = tk.Tk()
    GUI = DisplayImage(window)
    window.title('投影亮度参数标定软件模块')
    window.geometry('1000x600')
    window.mainloop()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()