ViewModel加强
ViewModel加强——应对无声杀死后台程序
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关于模拟后台杀死程序,需要打开用户手机的开发者模式
不懂得如何打开自身用户的开发者模式的可以从网上查找对应手机型号的打开方式,大体类似
打开后台销毁活动
打开上次做的篮球计分器进行观察
操作几次造成数据传递
退出后台再运行程序发现数据丢失
原因分析:平时在controller中的activity中进行操作(包括语言的改变,翻转屏幕),即便重新创建ViewModel中的UI数据都是存活的,即不会丢失。
但是在系统杀死程序时,ViewModel也会被杀死,界面重置,因此数据丢失!
修正
在修改上述项目之前用一个小例子来讲述一下系统如何保存被后台程序杀死后保存的情况
例子描述:界面为一个按钮和一个文本框,点击按钮实现文本上的数字自增+1.
方法一——使用OnSavedInstanceState()修改MainActivity.java代码如下:
package com.example.viewmodelrestore;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;
import android.os.Bundle;
import com.example.viewmodelrestore.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
ActivityMainBinding binding;
MyViewModel myViewModel;
final static String KEY_NUMBER = "my_number"; //定义常量
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main);
myViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
//处理烦人的NullPointerException
if (savedInstanceState != null){
myViewModel.getNumber().setValue(savedInstanceState.getInt(KEY_NUMBER));
}
binding.setData(myViewModel);
binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
}
//调用onSavedInstanceState
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(@NonNull Bundle outState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
outState.putInt(KEY_NUMBER,myViewModel.getNumber().getValue());
}
}
运行无问题
方法二——在ViewModel类中添加一个constructor(含参构造方法)
- 添加新的依赖:
dependencies {
...
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-savedstate:1.0.0'
}
public MyViewModel(SavedStateHandle handle){}
ViewModel代码:
package com.example.viewmodelrestore;
import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.SavedStateHandle;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;
public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
//private MutableLiveData<Integer> number;
private SavedStateHandle handle;
public MyViewModel(SavedStateHandle handle) {
this.handle = handle;
}
public MutableLiveData<Integer> getNumber() { //getNumber也从handle中获取
if(!handle.contains(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER)){
handle.set(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER,0);
} //判断是否包含我们所需的数据
return handle.getLiveData(MainActivity.KEY_NUMBER);
// if (number == null){
// number = new MutableLiveData<>();
// number.setValue(0);
// }
// return number;
}
public void add(){
getNumber().setValue(getNumber().getValue() + 1);
// number.setValue(number.getValue() + 1);
}
}
MainActivity.java中代码:
package com.example.viewmodelrestore;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import androidx.lifecycle.SavedStateViewModelFactory;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;
import android.os.Bundle;
import com.example.viewmodelrestore.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
ActivityMainBinding binding;
MyViewModel myViewModel;
public final static String KEY_NUMBER = "my_number"; //定义常量
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main);
myViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this,new SavedStateViewModelFactory(getApplication(),this)).get(MyViewModel.class);
// //处理烦人的NullPointerException
// if (savedInstanceState != null){
// myViewModel.getNumber().setValue(savedInstanceState.getInt(KEY_NUMBER));
// }
binding.setData(myViewModel);
binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
}
// //调用onSavedInstanceState
// @Override
// protected void onSaveInstanceState(@NonNull Bundle outState) {
// super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
// outState.putInt(KEY_NUMBER,myViewModel.getNumber().getValue());
// }
}
通过其中的bundle重构上次被杀死的数据
运行无问题:
正式修改篮球计分器,保证程序被后台无声杀死也能保存数据
项目使用上次做的篮球计分器
- 布局文件不变,添加的依赖不变
- ViewModel类做如下改变:
package com.example.scorebasketballintegrator;
import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.SavedStateHandle;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;
public class ScoreViewModel extends ViewModel {
private int aBack,bBack;
private SavedStateHandle handle;
public ScoreViewModel(SavedStateHandle handle) {
//条件判空
if (!handle.contains("ATeamScore")&&!handle.contains("BTeamScore")){
handle.set("ATeamScore",0);
handle.set("BTeamScore",0);
}
this.handle = handle;
}
//A队初始化
public LiveData<Integer>getaTeamScore(){
return handle.getLiveData("ATeamScore");
}
//B队初始化
public LiveData<Integer>getbTeamScore(){
return handle.getLiveData("BTeamScore");
}
//A队加分
public void aTeamAdd(int p){
aBack = handle.get("ATeamScore");
bBack = handle.get("BTeamScore");
handle.set("ATeamScore",(int)handle.get("ATeamScore") + p);
}
//B队加分
public void bTeamAdd(int p){
aBack = handle.get("ATeamScore");
bBack = handle.get("BTeamScore");
handle.set("BTeamScore",(int)handle.get("BTeamScore") + p);
}
//重置分数
public void reset(){
aBack = handle.get("ATeamScore");
bBack = handle.get("BTeamScore");
handle.set("ATeamScore",0);
handle.set("BTeamScore",0);
}
//撤销失误操作
public void undo(){
handle.set("ATeamScore",aBack);
handle.set("BTeamScore",bBack);
}
}
- controller中的文件做更改——MainActivity.java==使
package com.example.scorebasketballintegrator;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.databinding.DataBindingUtil;
import androidx.lifecycle.SavedStateViewModelFactory;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;
import android.os.Bundle;
import com.example.scorebasketballintegrator.databinding.ActivityMainBinding;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
ScoreViewModel scoreViewModel;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
ActivityMainBinding binding = DataBindingUtil.setContentView(this,R.layout.activity_main);
scoreViewModel =new ViewModelProvider(this,new SavedStateViewModelFactory(getApplication(),this)).get(ScoreViewModel.class);
binding.setScore(scoreViewModel);
binding.setLifecycleOwner(this);
}
}
- 运行界面与上回无差但是在后台杀死程序之后,再次打开界面上次操作的数据依旧保留:
小结
为了防止后台无声杀死程序
使用了ViewModel-SavedState
使用方法:
- 在gradle中添加依赖!
dependencies {
...
implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-savedstate:1.0.0'
}
- 在ViewModel类中作constructor(含参构造方法)
public MyViewModel(SavedStateHandle handle){
this.handle = handle;
}
快捷方法:在代码页右键选择Generate,
Generate中选择Constructor可一步构建含参构造方法
3. 使用KEY值传入handle中以备保存
public ScoreViewModel(SavedStateHandle handle) {
if (!handle.contains("ATeamScore")&&!handle.contains("BTeamScore")){
handle.set("ATeamScore",0);
handle.set("BTeamScore",0);
}
this.handle = handle;
}
- 在controllor中创建对应工厂类
myViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this,new SavedStateViewModelFactory(getApplication(),this)).get(MyViewModel.class);
使ViewModel存活时间延长(跨越后台杀死的情况)
当然,用户在主动退出的情况下,数据自然还是会丢失的!!!