C++ Primer Plus 第六版 第七章练习答案

1. 普通声明；

2. 二维数组声明；

3. Array对象声明；

4. 递归；

5. 函数指针；

---

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


// practice 7.1
double average(double x, double y) {
	return 2.0*x*y / (x + y);
}
void p7_1(void){
	double x, y;
	double avg = 0;

	cout << "Enter two numbers(zero to end): ";
	cin >> x >> y;
	cin.get();
	while (x != 0 && y != 0){
		avg = average(x, y);
		cout << "The average of " << x << " and " << y << " is " << avg << endl;

		cout << "Enter the next two numbers: ";
		cin >> x >> y;
		cin.get();
	}
}


// practice 7.2
int Input(double* grade, int number){
	cout << "You can enter up to 10 grades( -1 to quit): " << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++)
		if (!(cin >> grade[i]) || grade[i] == -1) {
			grade[i] = 0;
			return i;
		}
}
void Print(const double* grade, const int number){
	cout << "The grade is: " << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++)
		cout << grade[i] << " ";
	cout << endl;
}
void CalAvg(const double* grade, const int number){
	double total = 0.0;
	cout << "The average is :";
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++)
		total += grade[i];
	cout << total / number << endl;
}
const int ArrSize = 10;
void p7_2(void){
	double grade[ArrSize] = { 0 };
	int num = 0;
	num = Input(grade, ArrSize);
	Print(grade, num);
	CalAvg(grade, num);
	return;
}


// practice 7.3
struct box{
	char maker[40];
	float height;
	float width;
	float length;
	float volume;
};
void Print_value(box vbox){
	cout << "Box maker: " << vbox.maker << endl;
	cout << "Box height: " << vbox.height << endl;
	cout << "Box width: " << vbox.width << endl;
	cout << "Box length: " << vbox.length << endl;
	cout << "Box volume: " << vbox.volume << endl;
}
void CalVolume(box* pbox) {
	pbox->volume = pbox->height * pbox->width * pbox->length;
}
void p7_3(void){
	box mbox = { "Demo", 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 2.0 };
	Print_value(mbox);
	CalVolume(&mbox);
	Print_value(mbox);
}


// practice 7.4
long double probability(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks){
	long double result = 1.0;
	unsigned n = 0, p = 0;
	for (n = numbers, p = picks; p > 0; n--, p--)		//此处不能写成(unsigned n = numbers, unsigned p = picks; ...)
		result = result * p / n;						//若是单个的话就可以
	return result;
}
const unsigned total_1 = 47, total_2 = 27;
const unsigned choices_1 = 5, choices_2 = 1;
void p7_4(void){
	cout << "You have on chance in ";
	cout << probability(total_1, choices_1) * probability(total_2, choices_2);
	cout << " of winning.\n" << endl;
}


// practice 7.5
long long factorial(unsigned int number){
	if (number == 0 || number == 1)
		return 1;
	else
		return number * factorial(number - 1);
}
void p7_5(void){
	long long result = 0;
	unsigned int input;

	cout << "Please enter the number: ";
	cin >> input;
	while (1){
		result = factorial(input);
		cout << "The result of " << input << "! is " << result << "." << endl;
		cout << "Please enter the next number: ";		
		cin >> input;
	}
}


// practice 7.6
int Fill_array(double* arr, const int number) {
	cout << "Enter numbers(non-digital to quit): " << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < number; i++)
		if (!(cin >> arr[i])) {
			arr[i] = 0;
			return i;
		}
}
void Show_array(const double* arr, const int start, const int end) {
	cout << "The array is :" << endl;
	for (int i = start; i < end; i++)
		cout << arr[i] << " ";
	cout << endl;
}
void Reverse_array(double* arr, int length){
	double tmp;
	cout << "Reverse the array..." << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
		if (i <= length - 1 - i) {
			tmp = arr[i];
			arr[i] = arr[length - 1 - i];
			arr[length - 1 - i] = tmp;
		}
		else
			break;
	}
}
const int Arrsize = 10;
void p7_6(void){
	double* arr=new double[Arrsize];
	int num = Fill_array(arr, Arrsize);
	Show_array(arr, 0, num);
	Reverse_array(arr, num);
	Show_array(arr, 0, num);
	Show_array(arr, 1, num-1);
}


// practice 7.7
double* fill_array(double* begin, double* end){
	double temp = 0.0;
	int i = 0;
	double *tmp;
	for (tmp = begin; tmp < end; tmp++){
		cout << "Enter value #" << (i + 1) << ": ";
		cin >> temp;
		if (!cin){
			cin.clear();
			while (cin.get() != '\n')
				continue;
			cout << "Bad input; input preocess terminated.\n";
			break;
		}
		else if (temp < 0)
			break;
		*tmp = temp;
		i++;
	}
	return tmp;
}
void show_array(const double* begin, const double* end){
	const double *tmp = nullptr;
	unsigned int i = 0;
	for (tmp = begin; tmp < end; tmp++){
		cout << "Property #" << (i + 1) << ": $";
		cout << *tmp << endl;
		i++;
	}
}
void revalue(double* begin, double* end, double r){
	for (double * array = begin; array < end; array++)
		*array *= r;
}
const int Max = 5;
void p7_7(void){
	double properties[Max];
	double* end = fill_array(properties, properties + Max);
	show_array(properties, end);
	if (end - properties > 0){
		cout << "Enter revaluation factor: ";
		double factor;
		while (!(cin >> factor)){
			cin.clear();
			while (cin.get() != '\n')
				continue;
			cout << "Bad input; Please enter a number: ";
		}
		revalue(properties, end, factor);
		show_array(properties, end);
	}
	cout << "Done.\n";
	return;
}


// practice 7.8
const int Seasons = 4;
const char* Snames[Seasons] = { "Spring", "Summer", "Fall", "Winter" };
//==================a. ======================
void fill(double* pa){
	for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++){
		cout << "Enter " << Snames[i] << " expenses: ";
		cin >> pa[i];
	}
}
void show(double* pa){
	double total = 0.0;
	cout << "\nEXPENSES\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++){
		cout << Snames[i] << ": $" << pa[i] << endl;
		total += pa[i];
	}
	cout << "Total Expenses: $" << total << endl;
}
//==================b. =====================
struct cost{
	double expenses[Seasons];
};
void fill(cost* pCost){
	for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++){
		cout << "Enter " << Snames[i] << " expenses: ";
		cin >> pCost->expenses[i];
	}
}
void show(cost* pCost){
	double total = 0.0;
	cout << "\nEXPENSE\n";
	for (int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++){
		cout << Snames[i] << ": $" << pCost->expenses[i] << endl;
		total += pCost->expenses[i];
	}
	cout << "Total Expense: $" << total << endl;
}
void p7_8(void){
	// a.
	cout << "============= a =============" << endl;
	double* pa = new double[Seasons];
	fill(pa);
	show(pa);

	// b.
	cout << endl << endl;
	cout << "============= b =============" << endl;
	struct cost* pCost = new cost;
	fill(pCost);
	show(pCost);
	delete pa;
	delete pCost;
}


// practice 7.9
const int SLEN = 30;
struct student{
	char fullname[SLEN];
	char hobby[SLEN];
	int ooplevel;
};
int getinfo(student pa[], int n){
	int number = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		cout << "Enter the infomation of student #" << i + 1 << endl;
		cout << "Enter full name (blank line to quit): ";
		cin.getline(pa[i].fullname, SLEN);
		cout << "Enter hobby: ";
		cin.getline(pa[i].hobby, SLEN);
		cout << "Enter ooplevel: ";
		cin >> pa[i].ooplevel;
		while (cin.get() != '\n')
			continue;
		number++;
	}
	return number;
}
void display1(student st){
	cout << "Display1: " << endl;
	cout << "Full name: " << st.fullname << endl;
	cout << "Hobby: " << st.hobby << endl;
	cout << "Ooplevel: " << st.ooplevel << endl;
}
void display2(const student* st){
	cout << "Display2: " << endl;
	cout << "Full name: " << st->fullname << endl;
	cout << "Hobby: " << st->hobby << endl;
	cout << "Ooplevel: " << st->ooplevel << endl;
}
void display3(const student st[], int n){
	cout << "Display3: " << endl;;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){
		cout << "Infomation of student #" << i + 1 << ": " << endl;
		cout << "Full name: " << st[i].fullname << endl;
		cout << "Hobby: " << st[i].hobby << endl;
		cout << "Ooplevel: " << st[i].ooplevel << endl;
	}
}
void p7_9(void){
	cout << "Enter class size: ";
	int class_size;
	cin >> class_size;
	while (cin.get() != '\n')				//这个循环的作用就是清空这次残留的内容
		continue;
	student* ptr_stu = new student[class_size];
	int entered = getinfo(ptr_stu, class_size);
	for (int i = 0; i < entered; i++)
		display1(ptr_stu[i]);
	for (int i = 0; i < entered; i++)
		display2(&ptr_stu[i]);
	display3(ptr_stu, entered);
	delete[] ptr_stu;
	cout << "Done.\n";
	return;
}


// practice 7.10
#include<string>
double add(double x, double y) {
	return x + y;
}
double div(double x, double y) {
	return x / y;
}
double calculate(double x, double y, double(*f)(double, double)){
	return f(x, y);
}
double (*pf[2])(double, double) = { add,div };
string op[2] = { "add","div" };
void p7_10(void){
	double x = 0, y = 0;
	cout << "Enter two double number: ";
	while (cin >> x >> y){
		for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) 
			cout << x << op[i] << y << " = " << calculate(x, y, pf[i]) << endl;
		cout << "Enter next two double number: ";
	}
}


int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	cout << "=====================================\n"
		<< "============  Chapter7:  ============\n"
		<< "=====================================\n\n";
	cout << "==>> Practice 7_1:\n";
	p7_1();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 7_2:\n";
	p7_2();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 7_3:\n";
	p7_3();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 7_4:\n";
	p7_4();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 7_5:\n";
	p7_5();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 7_6:\n";
	p7_6();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 7_7:\n";
	p7_7();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 7_8:\n";
	p7_8();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 7_9:\n";
	p7_9();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "==>> Practice 7_9:\n";
	p7_10();
	cout << endl;
}