第七章 编程练习答案
这是第一次把课后编程写出来记录，答案基本都是自己的想法加参考书中的例子，不过部分类型的写法和输入输出不懂，参考了别人的的代码。以后要及时记录代码，并且注释明白，感觉这样会加深理解。希望以后看到能够轻松搞明白。
1
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double tiaohe (double x, double y);
int main()
{
double x, y, z;
cout << "Enter two numbers (0 to quit): " << endl;
cin >> x;
cin >> y;
while ( x != 0 && y != 0)
{
z = tiaohe(x, y);
cout << z << endl;
cout << "Enter two numbers (0 to quit): " << endl;
cin >> x >> y;
}
cout << "Done." << endl;
return 0;
}
double tiaohe (double x, double y)
{
double ans;
ans = 2.0 * x * y / ( x + y);
return ans;
}
2
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int Max = 10;
void show(double arr[], int n);
double sum(double arr[], int n);
int main ()
{
double average;
double arr[Max];
cout << "Please enter golf scores.\n";
cout << "You may enter up to " << Max
<< " golf scores.\n";
cout << "score #1: ";
//get data
int i = 0;
int n = 0;
while (i < Max && cin >> arr[i])
{
if (++i < Max)
cout << "score #" << i+1 << ": ";
n++;
};
cout << "\nThe result of golf scores: " << endl;
//calculate average, report result
show(arr, n);
average = sum(arr, n) /n;
cout << "\nThe average of golf scores: " << average << "\n";
return 0;
}
void show(double arr[], int n)
{
int total = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << "score #" << i+1 << ": ";
cout << arr[i] << endl;
}
}
double sum(double arr[], int n)
{
double total = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
total = total + arr[i];
return total;
}
3
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct box
{
char maker[40];
float height;
float width;
float length;
float volume;
};
void show(box Alex);//按值传递结构
void show_volume(box * p_box);// 传递结构的地址
int main ()
{
box Alex;
cout << "Enter the maker: " << endl;
cin.get( Alex.maker, 40);
cin.get();//注意字符输入
cout << "Enter the height: " << endl;
cin >> Alex.height;
cout << "Enter the width: " << endl;
cin >> Alex.width;
cout << "Enter the length: " << endl;
cin >> Alex.length;
show_volume(&Alex);
show(Alex);
return 0;
}
//函数a
void show(box Alex)
{
cout << "\nThe maker is: ";
cout << Alex.maker << endl;
cout << "The height is: ";
cout << Alex.height << endl;
cout << "The width is: ";
cout << Alex.width << endl;
cout << "The length is: ";
cout << Alex.length << endl;
cout << "The volume is: ";
cout << Alex.volume << endl;
}
//函数b
void show_volume(box * p_box)
{
p_box->volume = p_box->height * p_box->width * p_box->length;
}
4
#include <iostream>
long double probability(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks, int special);
using namespace std;
int main()
{
double total, choices, s;
cout << "Enter the find number of choices on the game card, the number\n"
"of picks allowedand and the special number:\n";
while((cin >> total >> choices >> s) && choices <= total)//输入条件
{
cout << "You have one chance in ";
cout << probability(total, choices, s);
cout << " of winning.\n";
cout << "Next two numbers (q to quit): ";
}
cout << "bye!\n";
return 0;
}
long double probability(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks, int s)
{
long double result = 1.0;
long double n;
unsigned p;
for (n = numbers, p = picks; p > 0; n--, p--)
result = result * n / p ;//减小中间变量
result = result * s;
return result;
}
5
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
long int factorial(int n);//函数声明
int main()
{
int x;
long int ans;
cout << "Please enter the number: (q to quit)" << endl;
while(cin >> x)//控制输入条件，非数字时结束
{
cout << "The factorial is: "<< factorial(x) << endl;
}
cout << "Over." << endl;
return 0;
}
//递归思想
long int factorial(int n)
{
long int ans;
if (n >0)
ans = n * factorial(n-1);
if (n == 0)
ans = 1;
return ans;
}
6
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
//函数声明
int Fill_array(double * p_arr, int n);
void Show_array(double * p_arr, int n);
void Reverse_array(double * p_arr, int bagin, int end, int n);
int main()
{
int n, size;
cout << "Please enter the number of array: " << endl;
cin >> size;
double * p_arr = new double[size];
//未修改前的代码double arr[size];
n = Fill_array(p_arr, size);
Show_array(p_arr, n);
Reverse_array(p_arr, 0, n-1, n);
Show_array(p_arr, n);
Reverse_array(p_arr, 1, n-2, n);//除首尾元素外进行交换
Show_array(p_arr, n);
cout << "Over.\n";
return 0;
}
//填充函数
int Fill_array(double * p_arr, int n)
{
int count = 0;
cout << "Please enter the array: " << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < n && cin >> p_arr[i]; i++)//注意输入条件
{
count++;
}
return count;
}
//显示函数
void Show_array(double * p_arr, int n)
{
cout << "Now, the array is: " << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << p_arr[i] << " ";
}
cout << endl;
}
//反转函数
void Reverse_array(double * p_arr, int begin, int end, int n)//注意参数起止
{
double t;//原来这里是int类型，经提醒后修改
for(int i = begin; i < n/2; i++)
{
t = p_arr[i];
p_arr[i] = p_arr[begin + end - i];//注意参数起止对交换的影响
p_arr[begin + end - i] = t;
}
}
7
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int Max = 5;
double * fill_array(double * p_begin, double * p_end);//如何用两个指针表示区间
void show_array(double * p_begin, double * p_end);//注意这里的类型要前后一致
void revalue(double r, double * p_begin, double * p_end);
int main()
{
double properties[Max];
double * pt = fill_array(properties, properties + Max);
show_array(properties, pt);
if (properties != pt)//当首尾地址不同，即存在区间时
{
cout << "Enter revaluation factor: ";
double factor;
while(!(cin >> factor))//输入错误时返回false值，取反执行该操作
{
cin.clear();
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
cout << "Bad input: Please enter a number: ";
}
revalue(factor, properties, pt);
show_array(properties, pt);
}
cout << "Done.\n";
return 0;
}
//填充数组
double * fill_array(double * p_begin, double * p_end)
{
int i = 1;
double * pt;
for (pt = p_begin; pt != p_end; pt++, i++)
{
cout << "Enter value #" << i << ": ";
cin >> *pt;
//-----------输入非数字和负数的情况------------------------
if (!cin)
{
cin.clear();
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
cout << "Bad input; input process terminated.\n";
break;
}
else if (*pt < 0)
break;
}
//-----------传递指针,注意这里传递的是地址，要用&----------
return &(*pt);
}
//显示数组
void show_array(double * p_begin, double * p_end)
{
int i = 1;
double * pt;
for (pt = p_begin; pt != p_end; pt++, i++)//注意这里用指针传递
{
cout << "Property #" << i << ": $";
cout << *pt << endl;
}
}
//修改数组
void revalue(double r, double * p_begin, double * p_end)
{
for (double * pt = p_begin; pt != p_end; pt++)
*pt *= r;
}
8
a.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int Seasons = 4;
const char * p_season[Seasons] = {"Spring", "Summer", "Fall", "Winter"};
void fill(double * pa);
void show(double * da);
int main()
{
double expenses[Seasons];
fill(&expenses[Seasons]);//注意传递地址
show(&expenses[Seasons]);
return 0;
}
void fill(double * pa)
{
for(int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++)
{
cout << "Enter " << *(p_season + i) << " expenses: ";
cin >> pa[i];//注意这里pa[i]等价于*(pa+i),即数组名实际为一个指针
}
}
void show(double * da)
{
double total = 0.0;
cout << "\nEXPENSES\n";
for(int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++)
{
cout << *(p_season + i) << ": $" << da[i]<< endl;
total += da[i];//解释同上
}
cout << "Total Expenses: $" << total << endl;
}
b.
#include <iostream>
struct expenses{
double money;
};//定义结构
using namespace std;
const int Seasons = 4;
const char * p_season[Seasons] = {"Spring", "Summer", "Fall", "Winter"};
void fill(double * pa);
void show(double * da);
int main()
{
expenses use[Seasons];//声明结构
fill(&use[Seasons].money);//注意传递地址
show(&use[Seasons].money);
return 0;
}
//------------调用函数不需要修改---------------
void fill(double * pa)
{
for(int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++)
{
cout << "Enter " << *(p_season + i) << " expenses: ";
cin >> *(pa+i);//注意这里pa[i]等价于*(pa+i),即数组名实际为一个指针
}
}
void show(double * da)
{
double total = 0.0;
cout << "\nEXPENSES\n";
for(int i = 0; i < Seasons; i++)
{
cout << *(p_season + i) << ": $" << da[i]<< endl;
total += da[i];//解释同上
}
cout << "Total Expenses: $" << total << endl;
}
9
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
const int SLEN = 30;
struct student {
char fullname[SLEN];
char hobby[SLEN];
int ooplevel;
};
int getinfo(student pa[], int n);
void display1(student st);
void display2(const student * ps);
void display3(const student pa[], int n);
int main()
{
cout << "Enter class size: ";
int class_size;
cin >> class_size;
while (cin.get() != '\n')
continue;
student * ptr_stu = new student[class_size];
int entered = getinfo(ptr_stu, class_size);
for (int i = 0; i < entered; i++)
{
display1(ptr_stu[i]);
display2(&ptr_stu[i]);
}
display3(ptr_stu, entered);
delete [] ptr_stu;
cout << "Done\n";
return 0;
}
//获取数据，注意获得字符和数字的不同
int getinfo(student pa[], int n)//pa[]可以视作指针
{
int count = 0;
cout << "\nEnter the student information：" << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < n ;i++)
{
cout << "Student #" << i+1 << ": " << endl;
cout << "Enter the fullname: " ;
cin.getline(pa[i].fullname, SLEN);
cout << "Enter the hobby: " ;
cin.getline(pa[i].hobby, SLEN);
cout << "Enter the ooplevel: " ;
cin >> pa[i].ooplevel;
if(!cin)break;//非数字时提前终止输入
cin.get();
count++;
}
cout<<"Enter end!" << endl << endl;
return count;
}
void display1(student st)
{
cout << "The fullname: " << st.fullname << endl;
cout << "The hobby: " << st.hobby << endl;
cout << "The ooplevel: " << st.ooplevel << endl;
cout << endl;
}
void display2(const student * ps)
{
cout << "The fullname: " << ps->fullname << endl;
cout << "The hobby: " << ps->hobby << endl;
cout << "The ooplevel: " << ps->ooplevel << endl;
cout << endl;
}
void display3(const student pa[], int n)
{
cout << "\nHere is the student information：" << endl;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i ++)
{
cout << "Student #" << i+1 << ": " << endl;
cout << "The fullname: " << pa[i].fullname << endl;
cout << "The hobby: " << pa[i].hobby << endl;
cout << "The ooplevel: " << pa[i].ooplevel << endl;
}
}
==
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double calculate (double a, double b, double (*p)(double a, double b));//注意声明
double add (double a, double b);
double subtract (double a, double b);
double multiply (double a, double b);
double divide (double a, double b);
int main()
{
double a, b;
double (*pf[4])(double a, double b);
pf[0] = add;
pf[1] = subtract;
pf[2] = multiply;
pf[3] = divide;
cout << "Enter two numbers: (q to quit)" << endl;
while(cin >> a >> b)
{
for(int i = 0 ; i < 4 ; i++)
cout << "The answer is: "<< (*pf[i])(a, b) << endl;
}
cout << "Done!" << endl;
return 0;
}
//函数原型，加减乘除
double calculate (double a, double b, double (*p)(double a, double b))
{
return (*p)(a,b);
}
double add (double a, double b)
{
return a + b;
}
double subtract (double a, double b)
{
return a - b;
}
double multiply (double a, double b)
{
return a * b;
}
double divide (double a, double b)
{
return a / b;
}
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