TCP粘包实例及解决

1. 粘包实例

(1) tcp服务端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define MAX_BUFFER_SIZE 1024

void handle_client(int client_sock) {
    char buffer[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE];
    int received = -1;
    while(1)
    {
        received = recv(client_sock, buffer, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
        if(received > 0)
        {
            buffer[received] = '\0';
            printf("Received: %s\n", buffer);
        }
        sleep(1);
    }
}

int main() {
    int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    struct sockaddr_in server;
    server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    server.sin_port = htons(12345);

    bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &server, sizeof(server));
    listen(sock, 5);

    while (1) {
        struct sockaddr_in client;
        unsigned int sockaddr_len = sizeof(client);
        int client_sock = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &client, &sockaddr_len);
        handle_client(client_sock);
    }

    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

(2) tcp客户端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define MAX_BUFFER_SIZE 1024

int main() {
    int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    struct sockaddr_in server;
    server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    server.sin_port = htons(12345);

    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &server, sizeof(server)) < 0) {
        perror("Connect failed");
        return 1;
    }

    while(1)
    {
            send(sock, "Hello, server!", 14, 0);
            send(sock, "How are you?", 12, 0);
            usleep(500000);
    }

    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

(3)测试

gcc -Wall -o server server.c
gcc -Wall -o client client.c
./server
# 另启一终端运行client
./client

(4)server端输出

Received: Hello, server!
Received: How are you?Hello, server!How are you?
Received: Hello, server!How are you?Hello, server!How are you?
Received: Hello, server!How are you?Hello, server!How are you?
Received: Hello, server!How are you?Hello, server!How are you?
Received: Hello, server!How are you?Hello, server!How are you?
Received: Hello, server!How are you?Hello, server!How are you?
Received: Hello, server!How are you?Hello, server!How are you?
Received: Hello, server!How are you?Hello, server!How are you?

多个包粘在了一起。

2. 粘包解决办法

本实例使用发送额外的长度数据解决粘包
(1) 修改后的服务端代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define MAX_BUFFER_SIZE 1024


int receive_message(int sock, char *buf, int len) {
        int length = 0;
        int received = recv(sock, &length, 4, 0);
        // if(length > len)
        // 需要处理,可以设置一个本条消息剩余长度,待下次调用读取,本次测试不做处理
        // else
        received = recv(sock, buf, length, 0);
        return received;
}

void handle_client(int client_sock) {
    char buffer[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE];
    int received = -1;
    while(1)
    {
        //received = recv(client_sock, buffer, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, 0);
        received = receive_message(client_sock, buffer, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE);
        if(received > 0)
        {
            buffer[received] = '\0';
            printf("Received: %s\n", buffer);
        }
        sleep(1);
    }
}

int main() {
    int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    struct sockaddr_in server;
    server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    server.sin_port = htons(12345);

    bind(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &server, sizeof(server));
    listen(sock, 5);

    while (1) {
        struct sockaddr_in client;
        unsigned int sockaddr_len = sizeof(client);
        int client_sock = accept(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &client, &sockaddr_len);
        handle_client(client_sock);
    }

    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

(2) 修改后的客户端代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define MAX_BUFFER_SIZE 1024

void send_message(int sock, const char *message) {
    int length = strlen(message);
    char buffer[4 + length];
    memcpy(buffer, &length, 4);
    memcpy(buffer + 4, message, length);
    send(sock, buffer, 4 + length, 0);
}


int main() {
    int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    struct sockaddr_in server;
    server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
    server.sin_port = htons(12345);

    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *) &server, sizeof(server)) < 0) {
        perror("Connect failed");
        return 1;
    }

    while(1)
    {
            send_message(sock, "Hello, server!");
            send_message(sock, "How are you?");
            usleep(100000);
    }

    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

(3)测试

gcc -Wall -o server server.c
gcc -Wall -o client client.c
./server
# 另启一终端运行client
./client

(4)server端输出

Received: Hello, server!
Received: How are you?
Received: Hello, server!
Received: How are you?
Received: Hello, server!
Received: How are you?
Received: Hello, server!
Received: How are you?
Received: Hello, server!

3. 结论

解决粘包问题的办法有很多，这是解决粘包问题的一种方法。