Android：UI开发（二）—— ListView

首先在XML中写入

<ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

修改MainActivity里的代码，写入一个String数组
private String[] data = {“Apple”,“Banana”,“Orange”,“Watermalon”,“Pear”,“Grape”,“Pineapple”,“Strawberry”,“Cherry”,“Mango”,
“Apple”,“Banana”,“Orange”,“Watermalon”,“Pear”,“Grape”,“Pineapple”,“Strawberry”,“Cherry”,“Mango”};
我们需要用ArrayAdapter把数据传入ListView，用字符类型的ArrayAdapter，依次需要传入的参数为上下文，ListView子项的id，以及要匹配的数据，这里用了android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1:
FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
然后找到id，setAdapter（）方法把构建好的适配器对象传递出去。
ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
准备好一组水果图片，作为ListView适配器的适配类型，我们需要一个实体类。新建类Fruit，

public class Fruit {
    private String name ;
    private int imageId;
    Fruit(String name, int imageId){
        this.name = name;
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
  public int getImageId(){
        return imageId;
    }
    }

这里在Fruit类里创建了两个字段，一个是字符串类型，另一个是作为图片的id。
给ListView的子项指定一个自定义布局，fruit.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    tools:ignore="UseCompoundDrawables">
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        tools:ignore="ContentDescription" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        android:layout_marginStart="10dp" />
</LinearLayout>

新建类FruitAdapter，让他继承ArrayAdapter：

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
    private int resourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
        }
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent){
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);//通过getItem（）方法得到当前Fruit的实例
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,flase);//使用LayoutInflater来加载传入的布局，三个参数分别是ListView子项布局的id，parent加载xml视图时使用，false的意思是让父布局声明的layout属性生效，但不会为这个View添加父布局，因为View一旦有了父布局之后，他就不能再添加到ListView当中去了。
        viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
        viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
    	ViewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());设置显示图片
        ViewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());设置显示字符串
        return view;     
   		} 
    }

FruitAdapter重写父类的构造函数，将上下文，ListView的子项布局的id个数据都传进来；然后重写了getView（）方法，这个方法可以砸每个子项滚动到屏幕内的时候被调用。
修改MainActivity中的代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
    private String[] data = {"Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermalon","Pear","Grape","Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango",
            "Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermalon","Pear","Grape","Pineapple","Strawberry","Cherry","Mango"};

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits();//初始化数据
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {//设计点击事件
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,fruit.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
    private void initFruits(){
        for (int i = 0;i<2;i++){
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple",R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit("Banana",R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange",R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon",R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear",R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape",R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple",R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry",R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry",R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango",R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);
        }
    }
}

提升效率
在FruitAdapter里的getView（）方法把每个布局都加在了一遍，显然不需要，getView（）方法里还有一个convertView参数用它将之前所加载的布局缓存。
判断convertView是否为null，如果是，加载布局，否则直接重用即可。
再次优化：我们不需要在下一次调用时再次去获得数据，所以把我们可以新建一个内部类ViewHolder，包括字符串和图片Id。
对控件实例进行缓存，在convertView为null时新建ViewHolder实例，用setTag（）方法把ViewHolder方法把ViewHolder的数据都储存在View里，当其不为null时，用getTag（）方法再次获取数据。
修改FruitAdapter里的代码。

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {
    private int resourceId;
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }
    @NonNull
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, @NonNull ViewGroup parent){
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if (convertView == null){
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);
        }
        else {
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
        }
//        @SuppressLint("ViewHolder") View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
        ViewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        ViewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }
    static class ViewHolder{
        static ImageView fruitImage;
        static TextView fruitName;
    }
}

我们来理清一下思路，首先在activity_main.xml里新建了一个ListView，然后在MainActivity里新建了ArrayAdapter，然后新建Fruit类作为实例ListView的item适配类型，再建立这个item的xml，建立自定义的FruitAdapter继承自ArrayAdapter，最后在MainActivity里新建initFruits方法把数据传入，为了优化多次加载布局和重复获得数据的问题，修改FruitAdapter代码判断getView里的convertView是否为null。