pa_offset = offset & ~(sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) - 1)计算页偏移

pa_offset = offset & ~(sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) - 1)计算页偏移

在mmap的手册中有一段示例代码，其中有一行：

offset = atoi(argv[2]);
pa_offset = offset & ~(sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) - 1);
/* offset for mmap() must be page aligned */

这一行代码表示的含义是：计算出内存中的页偏移量。具体的计算过程可以例举几个值计算一下，得到的刚好是指定偏移量offset对应的页偏移量。

下面进行验证：

首先使用getconf命令查看系统页大小，这里可以看到该系统的页大小为4096

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Desktop/linux$ getconf -a | grep PAGE
PAGESIZE                           4096
PAGE_SIZE                          4096
_AVPHYS_PAGES                      23885
_PHYS_PAGES                        501586

然后将mmap手册中的代买复制出来，其中添加三行输出，编译并执行。

#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define handle_error(msg) \
    do { perror(msg); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } while (0)

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    char *addr;
    int fd;
    struct stat sb;
    off_t offset, pa_offset;
    size_t length;
    ssize_t s;

    if (argc < 3 || argc > 4) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s file offset [length]\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
    if (fd == -1)
        handle_error("open");

    if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1)           /* To obtain file size */
        handle_error("fstat");

    offset = atoi(argv[2]);
    pa_offset = offset & ~(sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE) - 1);
        /* offset for mmap() must be page aligned */

    if (offset >= sb.st_size) {
        fprintf(stderr, "offset is past end of file\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if (argc == 4) {
        length = atoi(argv[3]);
        if (offset + length > sb.st_size)
            length = sb.st_size - offset;
                /* Can't display bytes past end of file */

    } else {    /* No length arg ==> display to end of file */
        length = sb.st_size - offset;
    }

    addr = mmap(NULL, length + offset - pa_offset, PROT_READ,
                MAP_PRIVATE, fd, pa_offset);
    if (addr == MAP_FAILED)
        handle_error("mmap");
	printf("length = %ld\n", length);
	printf("offset = %ld\n", offset);
	printf("pa_offset = %ld\n", pa_offset);
	printf("length + offset - pa_offset = %ld\n", length + offset - pa_offset);
    s = write(STDOUT_FILENO, addr + offset - pa_offset, length);
    if (s != length) {
        if (s == -1)
            handle_error("write");

        fprintf(stderr, "partial write");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    munmap(addr, length + offset - pa_offset);
    close(fd);

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

运行结果为：

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/Desktop/linux$ ./a.out 0.test.c 6000 6000
length = 6000
offset = 6000
pa_offset = 4096
length + offset - pa_offset = 7904
# 下面省略输出的文件内容