生成验证码
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding:utf-8
import os
import random
from io import *
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter
_letter_cases = "abcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxy" # 小写字母,去除可能干扰的i,l,o,z
_upper_cases = _letter_cases.upper() # 大写字母
_numbers = ''.join(map(str, range(3, 10))) # 数字
init_chars = ''.join((_letter_cases, _upper_cases, _numbers))
def create_validate_code(size=(120, 30),
chars=init_chars,
img_type="GIF",
mode="RGB",
bg_color=(255, 255, 255),
fg_color=(0, 0, 255),
font_size=20,
font_type=os.path.dirname((os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))+"\\Monaco.ttf",
length=4,
draw_lines=True,
n_line=(1, 2),
draw_points=True,
point_chance=2):
"""
@todo: 生成验证码图片
@param size: 图片的大小,格式(宽,高),默认为(120, 30)
@param chars: 允许的字符集合,格式字符串
@param img_type: 图片保存的格式,默认为GIF,可选的为GIF,JPEG,TIFF,PNG
@param mode: 图片模式,默认为RGB
@param bg_color: 背景颜色,默认为白色
@param fg_color: 前景色,验证码字符颜色,默认为蓝色#0000FF
@param font_size: 验证码字体大小
@param font_type: 验证码字体,默认为 ae_AlArabiya.ttf
@param length: 验证码字符个数
@param draw_lines: 是否划干扰线
@param n_lines: 干扰线的条数范围,格式元组,默认为(1, 2),只有draw_lines为True时有效
@param draw_points: 是否画干扰点
@param point_chance: 干扰点出现的概率,大小范围[0, 100]
@return: [0]: PIL Image实例
@return: [1]: 验证码图片中的字符串
"""
width, height = size # 宽, 高
img = Image.new(mode, size, bg_color) # 创建图形
draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img) # 创建画笔
def get_chars():
'''生成给定长度的字符串,返回列表格式'''
return random.sample(chars, length)
def create_lines():
'''绘制干扰线'''
line_num = random.randint(*n_line) # 干扰线条数
for i in range(line_num):
# 起始点
begin = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
# 结束点
end = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
draw.line([begin, end], fill=(0, 0, 0))
def create_points():
'''绘制干扰点'''
chance = min(100, max(0, int(point_chance))) # 大小限制在[0, 100]
for w in range(width):
for h in range(height):
tmp = random.randint(0, 100)
if tmp > 100 - chance:
draw.point((w, h), fill=(0, 0, 0))
def create_strs():
"""绘制验证码字符"""
c_chars = get_chars()
strs1 = '%s' % ' '.join(c_chars) # 每个字符前后以空格隔开
if strs1:
font = ImageFont.truetype(font_type, font_size)
if font.getbbox(strs1):
left, top, font_width, font_height = font.getbbox(strs1)
draw.text(((width - font_width) / 3, (height - font_height) / 3),
strs1, font=font, fill=fg_color)
return ''.join(c_chars)
if draw_lines:
create_lines()
if draw_points:
create_points()
strs = create_strs()
# 图形扭曲参数
params = [1 - float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 100,
0,
0,
0,
1 - float(random.randint(1, 10)) / 100,
float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500,
0.001,
float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500
]
img = img.transform(size, Image.PERSPECTIVE, params) # 创建扭曲
img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE) # 滤镜,边界加强(阈值更大)
return img, strs
if __name__ == '__main__':
image_obj, code = create_validate_code()
stream = BytesIO()
image_obj.save(stream, "png")
路由配置
urlpatterns = [
path('image_check_code/', views.image_check_code, name='image_check_code')
]
views视图
def image_check_code(request):
image_obj, code = create_validate_code()
stream = BytesIO()
image_obj.save(stream, "png")
print(stream.getvalue())
return HttpResponse(stream.getvalue())
HTML
{% extends 'base.html' %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
{% block css%}
{%endblock%}
</head>
<body>
<div class="layui-layout layui-layout-admin">
{% block content %}
<div class="layui-body">
<h1>hello</h1>
<form action="/index" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<p><input name="user" type="text" placeholder="用户名"/></p>
<p><input name="pwd" type="password" placeholder="密码"/></p>
<p>
<input name='code' type="text" placeholder="验证码"/>
<img class="hover-text" src="{% url 'polls:image_check_code' %}" onclick='ChangeCode();' id='imgCode'
title="点击切换验证码">
</p>
<input type="submit"/>
</form>
</div>
{% endblock %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
{% block js%}
<script type="text/javascript">
function ChangeCode() {
var code = document.getElementById('imgCode');
code.src += '?';
}
</script>
{%endblock%}
字体路径随便去下载字体就行
过程中的报错信息
如何解决
AttributeError: ‘FreeTypeFont’ object has no attribute 'getsize’或pythonfont.getsize(strs)为空
报错可以安装下列版本的Pillow,
pip install Pillow==9.5
弃用警告:getsize已弃用,将在Pillow 10(2023-07-01)中删除。请改用getbbox或getlength。
不想降级的用法:
getsize方法将在pillow10中被getbbox或getlength代替,升级后这个方法被封装,返回了四个参数,效果没有变化。