跟着狂神学网络编程
网络编程
概述
地球村:你在西安,你-个美国的朋友!
信件:
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操
作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换。通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
- 如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机192.168.16.124: 端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程: TCP/P C/S
网络通信要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方地址:
●ip
●端口号
●192.168.16,124:5900
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型
小结:
- 网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号
- 网络通信写协议
- 万物皆对象
IP地址
IP地址在 JavaInetAddress 类中
-
唯一定位一台网络上的计算机
-
本机127.0.0.1: localhost.
-
IP地址的分类
-
IPV4/ IPV6协议
- IPv4 127.0.0.1, 4个字节组成,0~255, 42亿~ ; 30亿在北美,亚洲4亿。2011年用尽
- IPv6 2001:3CA1:010F:001A:121B:0000:0000:0010 128位。 8个无符号整数
-
公网(互联网)-私网(局域网)
-
192.168.xx.xx 一般来说是局域网,给组织内部使用
-
ABCD类地址(以下地址为IPv4地址)
-
-
-
域名:记忆IP问题!
- IP: www.vip.com
-
package com.kuang.ip;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
//查询网站ip
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName());//规范名字
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
运行结果
/127.0.0.1
localhost/127.0.0.1
LAPTOP-0SJUQ8J4/192.168.56.1
www.baidu.com/61.135.185.32
[B@4554617c
61.135.185.32
61.135.185.32
www.baidu.com
端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号,端口号不可冲突!用来区分软件
-
一般被规定为0~65535
-
TCP, UDP 每个协议都有65535,所以总共有 65535 * 2个端口。在单个协议下端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent: 23
-
程序注册端口:1014~49151,分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
-
动态、私有端口:49152~65535
-
netstat -ano #查看所有端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定端口
tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
package com.kuang.ip;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());//端口
}
}
运行结果
/127.0.0.1:8080
/127.0.0.1
eureka7001.com
8080
通信协议(TCP/IP)
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题:非常的复杂?———大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP : 用户传输协议
- UDP : 用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP :用户传输协议
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP和UDP对比
TCP和UDP对比
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
三次握手 四次挥手
A:你瞅啥?
B:瞅你咋地?
A:干一场!
A:我要走了!
B:你真的要走了吗?
B:你真的真的要走了吗?
A:我真的要走了!
-
客户端、服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你…
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击! (饱和攻击)
TCP实现聊天
客户端
客户端
连接服务器Socket
发送消息
package com.kuang.tcp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
OutputStream outputStream=null;
Socket socket=null;
try {
//1.获得服务器地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port=9999;
//2.创建socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("我是客户端,收到请回复".getBytes());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (outputStream!=null){
try {
outputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
服务器
建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
等待用户的链接 accept
接收用户的消息
package com.kuang.tcp;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket=null;
Socket acceptSocket=null;
InputStream inputStream=null;
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream=null;
while (true){
try {
//1.我得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
acceptSocket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取用户的消息
inputStream = acceptSocket.getInputStream();
/*byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len=0;
while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
String msg = new String(bytes, 0, len);
System.out.println(msg);
}*/
//管道流
byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len=0;
while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
byteArrayOutputStream.write(bytes,0,len);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (byteArrayOutputStream!=null){
try {
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (inputStream!=null){
try {
inputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (acceptSocket!=null){
try {
acceptSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
客户端
package com.kuang.tcp;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class TcpClient02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9999);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("Net/src/云同桌.png");
//4.写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fileInputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
outputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
// 接收字符串使用字符串的管道流
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
byteArrayOutputStream.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(byteArrayOutputStream.toString());
//5.关闭资源
byteArrayOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
outputStream.close();
fileInputStream.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务器
package com.kuang.tcp;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServer02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2、监听客户端的链接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3、获取输入流
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//4、文件输出(文件管道流)
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(new File("Net/src/receive.png"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fileOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
outputStream.write("接收成功".getBytes());
//关闭资源
outputStream.close();
fileOutputStream.close();
inputStream.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
UDP
服务器
package com.kuang.udp;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UDPServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9999);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
// 阻塞接收
socket.receive(datagramPacket);
System.out.println(datagramPacket.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData()));
}
}
客户端
package com.kuang.udp;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
public class UDPClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1、建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2、建个包
String msg = "你好,服务器";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//数据,数据的起始长度
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.length(), localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
发送端
package com.kuang.udp.chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSend {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if("bye".equals(data)){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package com.kuang.udp.chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceive {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);// 阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if("bye".equals(data)){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
UDP多线程在线聊天
发送消息
package com.kuang.udp.threadChat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
DatagramSocket socket;
BufferedReader reader;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
//准备数据:控制台读取System.in
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if ("bye".equals(data)) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收消息
package com.kuang.udp.threadChat;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket;
private int fromPort;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int fromPort, String msgFrom) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet);// 阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if("bye".equals(data)){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
启动
学生端
package com.kuang.udp.threadChat;
public class TalkTeacher {
//给老师发消息
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(1999,"127.0.0.1",9998)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"老师")).start();
}
}
老师端
package com.kuang.udp.threadChat;
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//给学生发消息
new Thread(new TalkSend(1998,"127.0.0.1",9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9998,"学生")).start();
}
}
小结
利用UDP协议发送数据,只需要“需要发送的数据+对方IP+对方Port”。
接收数据则只需要设置自己的Port即可。
URL
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
方法解析
package com.kuang.url;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件
System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
运行结果
http
localhost
8080
/helloworld/index.jsp
/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123
username=kuangshen&password=123
通过url下载网络资源
package com.kuang.url;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://p1.music.126.net/7NZYtTE33EzQvGnblu31Fg==/109951165044253827.jpg?param=50y50");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("Net/src/f.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
if ((len = inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//断开连接
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}