hibernate(一)

hibernate学习一

一.项目配置文件

1.pom.xml依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.hzq.test</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.6.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.38</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
            <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
            <artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
            <artifactId>jaxb-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
            <artifactId>activation</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


</project>

2.hibernate.cfg.xml 主配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
<!--        #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect-->
<!--        #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect-->
<!--        #hibernate.dialect org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLMyISAMDialect-->
<!--        #hibernate.connection.driver_class com.mysql.jdbc.Driver-->
<!--        #hibernate.connection.url jdbc:mysql:///test-->
<!--        #hibernate.connection.username gavin-->
<!--        #hibernate.connection.password-->
<!--        mysql驱动-->
        <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<!--        mysql地址-->
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///demo</property>
<!--        用户名和密码-->
        <property name="connection.username">root</property>
        <property name="connection.password">960828</property>
<!--        方言-->
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!--        是否将hibernate执行的sql语句打印到控制台#hibernate.show_sql true-->
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!--        是否格式化打印-->
        <property name="format_sql">true</property>
<!--        #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-drop-->
<!--        #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto create-->
<!--        #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto update-->
<!--        #hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto validate-->
<!--        create-drop和create都只能在测试阶段使用,因为他会先删除表,再创建,会丢失数据-->
        <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        <mapping resource=""></mapping>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

3.hibernate-mapping 映射配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="domain">
    <class name="User" table="user">
        <id name="uid">
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="username" column="username"></property>
<!--        private String password;-->
<!--        private String name;-->
<!--        private String email;-->
<!--        private Date birthday;-->
<!--        private String sex;-->
<!--        private String remark;//扩展字段-->
        <property name="password"></property>
        <property name="name"></property>
        <property name="email"></property>
        <property name="birthday"></property>
        <property name="sex"></property>
        <property name="remark"></property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

二.API

1.Configuration 对象

• 简介

  Configuration 对象是用来加载配置文件的,通过方法configure()进行加载,无参的configure方法会自动寻找项目目录中的hibernate.cfg.xml文件,所以名字不可以写错,不然会出错.加载配置文件后,调用buildSessionFactory()方法依据配置文件创建SessionFactory对象.

• 对象创建及使用

  Configuration con = new Configuration(); //对象的创建
  
  con.configure(); //加载配置文件,不传参数会自动寻找项目目录下的hibernate.cfg.xml文件.
  
  SessionFactory sessionFactory = Con.buildSessionFactory(); //创建SessionFactory对象 
  

2.SessionFactory 对象

• 简介

  该对象顾名思义,是用来创建Session对象的,与J2EE中的Session是不同的.该对象全程只能创建一个,并且该对象消耗资源大,类似于数据库连接池,推荐将其封装成Util.该对象有两个常用方法,都是用来创建Session的,一个为openSession(),一个为getCurrentSession(),区别为在一个线程中,前者多次调用创建的对象不是同一个,而后者多次调用获得的Session对象是同一个.

• 对象的创建及使用

  SessionFactory sessionFactory = Con.buildSessionFactory(); //创建SessionFactory对象
  
  Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();//创建Session对象
  
  Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();//创建与线程绑定的Session对象
  

3.Session 对象

• 简介

  Session对象是用来操作数据库的直接对象,用来进行数据库的增删改查.

• 对象的创建及使用

  • 通过ID主键查询

    Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();//获得Session对象
    Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();//获得并开启事务
    User user = session.get(User.class, "DAE4C350C6B74D11B6EA87C1B1FF897D");//通过ID查询用户
    System.out.println(user);
    tx.commit();//提交事务
    session.close();//关闭session
    

  • 插入操作

    Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
    Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
    User user = new User();
    user.setName("李四");
    session.save(user);//插入数据库
    tx.commit();
    session.close();
    

  • 更新操作

    Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
    Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
    User user = new User();
    user.setId(1);
    user.setName("张三");
    session.update(user);
    tx.commit();
    session.close();
    

  • 删除操作

    Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
    Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
    User user = new User();
    user.setId(2);
    session.delete(user);
    tx.commit();
    session.close();
    

  • 多数据查询

    Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
    Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
    String sql = "select * from user";
    NativeQuery query = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
    query.addEntity(User.class);//放入实体类的Class对象
    List<User> list = query.list();//将查询结果转换成list集合
    tx.commit();
    session.close();
    

  • 条件查询

    Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
    Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
    String sql = "select * from user limit ?,? ";
    NativeQuery query = session.createSQLQuery(sql);
    query.setParameter(0,0);//设置第一个?为0
    query.setParameter(1,2);//设置第二个?为2
    query.addEntity(User.class);
    List<User> list = query.list();
    tx.commit();
    session.close();