概述
java中的网络编程大致分为两类,分别为TCP与UDP,至于两者的区别,可以去查看计算机网络相关的知识。
无论是TCP还是UDP,都需要知道双方的IP地址,才能互相发送数据。而发送数据是通过java中的字节流来进行传递的,所以在java的网络编程中,java的IO流是十分重要的。
TCP编程
TCP实现简单的聊天功能
- 服务器端的创建
在java的TCP编程中,服务器端是通过创建ServerSocket类的实例对象来创建的,然后调用该对象的accept
方法来阻塞监听客户端的链接,一旦接收到客户端的连接,该方法就会返回一个Socket对象实例,服务器端接收客户端的消息与返回客户端消息都是通过这个Socket对象来进行的。 - 客户端的创建
客户端只需要创建一个Socket对象,给它设置好服务器端的IP,端口等属性后调用connect
方法进行连接即可,如果连接失败会抛出IO异常。连接成功后就通过这个Socket对象进行与服务器端数据的传递。 - 客户端与服务器端创建完成后,先运行服务器端,然后再运行客户端。
- 下面是一个简单的实现。需要注意的是,当连接创建成功后,服务器端与客户端都会有一个Socket对象,这两个对象就像是镜像一样,完全是相反的,一方的输入流就是对方的输出流,一方的输出流就是对方的输入流。除此之外,当传递完数据后一定要记得调用
shutdownXXX
方法,私下可以将下面的demo中的shutdownXXX
方法注释掉试试看会发什么,为什么会出现这种情况。
demo示例,服务器端:
/**
* @Classname DemoServer1
* @Date 2020/11/21 18:19
* @author hzq
*/
package com.hzq.tcp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DemoServer1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//创建一个服务器并绑定端口号8000
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8000);
//等待客户端的连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//获取客户端的输出流,也就是服务器端的输入流
is = socket.getInputStream();
//获取客户端输入流,也就是服务器端输出流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
String s = "";
//接收客户端发来的数据
while ((len=is.read(bytes))!=-1){
s += new String(bytes,0,len,StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
//打印客户端发送的数据
System.out.println(s);
os.write("你好!".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
socket.shutdownOutput();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (serverSocket != null){
serverSocket.close();
}
if (socket != null){
socket.close();
}
if (is != null){
is.close();
}
if (os != null){
os.close();
}
}
}
}
demo示例,客户端:
/**
* @Classname DemoClient1
* @Date 2020/11/21 18:19
* @author hzq
*/
package com.hzq.tcp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.SocketAddress;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class DemoClient1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
OutputStream os =null;
//获取本机ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
try {
//创建空socket
socket = new Socket();
//连接服务器
socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(inetAddress,8000),8000);
//获取服务器端输入流,也就是客户端输出流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//向服务器发送消息
os.write("你好啊!".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
//关闭客户端输出流
socket.shutdownOutput();
is = socket.getInputStream();
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
String s = "";
//接收服务器发来的数据
while ((len=is.read(bytes))!=-1){
s += new String(bytes,0,len,StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
}
//打印服务器发送的数据
System.out.println(s);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (socket != null){
socket.close();
}
if (is != null){
is.close();
}
if (os != null){
os.close();
}
}
}
}
TCP实现文件的上传与下载
demo示例,服务器
/**
* @Classname DemoServer1
* @Date 2020/11/21 18:19
* @author hzq
*/
package com.hzq.tcp;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class DemoServer2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//创建一个服务器并绑定端口号8000
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8000);
//等待客户端的连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//获取客户端的输出流,也就是服务器端的输入流
is = socket.getInputStream();
int i = is.read();
if (i == 1){
os = new FileOutputStream(new File("up.jpg"));
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
//接收客户端发来的数据
while ((len=is.read(bytes))!=-1){
os.write(bytes,0,len);
}
socket.shutdownInput();
}
if (i == 2){
os = socket.getOutputStream();
Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("com.hzq.tcp.DemoClient2");
URL resource = c1.getResource("./demo.jpg");
is = new FileInputStream(new File(resource.toURI()));
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
//接收客户端发来的数据
while ((len=is.read(bytes))!=-1){
os.write(bytes,0,len);
}
socket.shutdownOutput();
}
} catch (IOException | URISyntaxException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (serverSocket != null){
serverSocket.close();
}
if (socket != null){
socket.close();
}
if (is != null){
is.close();
}
if (os != null){
os.close();
}
}
}
}
demo示例,客户端:
/**
* @Classname DemoClient1
* @Date 2020/11/21 18:19
* @author hzq
*/
package com.hzq.tcp;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class DemoClient2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// upLoad();
downLoad();
}
public static void upLoad() throws IOException{
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
OutputStream os =null;
//获取本机ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
try {
//创建空socket
socket = new Socket();
//连接服务器
socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(inetAddress,8000),8000);
//获取服务器端输入流,也就是客户端输出流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//获取文件流
Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("com.hzq.tcp.DemoClient2");
URL resource = c1.getResource("./demo.jpg");
is = new FileInputStream(new File(resource.toURI()));
byte[] sendData = new byte[1];
sendData[0] = 1;
os.write(sendData);
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
//接收服务器发来的数据
while ((len=is.read(bytes))!=-1){
os.write(bytes,0,len);
}
//关闭客户端输出流
socket.shutdownOutput();
} catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException | URISyntaxException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (socket != null){
socket.close();
}
if (is != null){
is.close();
}
if (os != null){
os.close();
}
}
}
public static void downLoad() throws IOException{
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
OutputStream os =null;
//获取本机ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
try {
//创建空socket
socket = new Socket();
//连接服务器
socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(inetAddress,8000),8000);
//获取服务器端输入流,也就是客户端输出流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
//向服务器发送消息
byte[] sendData = new byte[1];
sendData[0] = 2;
os.write(sendData);
//关闭客户端输出流
socket.shutdownOutput();
is = socket.getInputStream();
os = new FileOutputStream(new File("down.jpg"));
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
//接收服务器发来的数据
while ((len=is.read(bytes))!=-1){
os.write(bytes,0,len);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (socket != null){
socket.close();
}
if (is != null){
is.close();
}
if (os != null){
os.close();
}
}
}
}
UDP编程
UDP实现简单的聊天
- 先创建接收端,创建一个
DatagramSocket
对象,并绑定一个端口号,然后创建一个DatagramPacket
对象,socket对象调用receive
方法阻塞接收数据。 - 创建发放段端,同接收端相似,只不过发送端是将数据封装到packet对象中后,受用socket对象的
send
方法将packet对象发送出去。
demo示例,接收端:
/**
* @Classname DemoServer1
* @Date 2020/11/21 21:07
* @author hzq
*/
package com.hzq.udp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class DemoClient2 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//创建socket并绑定端口号
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8000);
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
//创建数据包
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
//阻塞接收数据
socket.receive(packet);
byte[] data = packet.getData();
System.out.println(new String(data, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
InetAddress inetAddress = packet.getAddress();
int port = packet.getPort();
byte[] bytes1 = "你也好".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
DatagramPacket packet1 = new DatagramPacket(bytes1,0,bytes1.length,inetAddress,port);
socket.send(packet1);
socket.close();
}
}
demo示例,发送端:
/**
* @Classname DemoClient1
* @Date 2020/11/21 21:07
* @author hzq
*/
package com.hzq.udp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
public class DemoClient1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8001);
byte[] bytes = "你好世界!".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
InetAddress inetAddress = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes, 0, bytes.length, inetAddress, 8000);
socket.send(packet);
byte[] bytes1 = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet1 = new DatagramPacket(bytes1, 0, bytes.length);
socket.receive(packet1);
byte[] data = packet1.getData();
System.out.println(new String(data,StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
socket.close();
}
}
结束语
这样,java的网络编程的基础算是完成了,有时间写一个GUI的聊天室。