Spring MVC入门案例与讲解

创建项目

关联java,resources目录

引入依赖

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <spring.version>5.2.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
      <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
      <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.3</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

web.xml配置

• 配置前端控制器DispatcherServlet
• 服务启动时,自动加载springmvc.xml配置文件

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  
 <!--配置解决中文乱码过滤器-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  
	<!--请求方式过滤器-->
  	<!--必须放在编码过滤器后面-->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>hiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  
  <!--配置前端控制器-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--启动服务器就创建DispatcherServlet对象-->
    <!--可以在启动服务器时将springmvc.xml配置文件加载完成-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

springmvc.xml配置

• 在resources目录下新建springmvc.xml并配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                                http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--开启注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="mvc.demo"/>
    
 	<!--Thymeleaf视图解析器-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.view.ThymeleafViewResolver">
        <property name="order" value="1"/>
        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
        <property name="templateEngine">
            <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.SpringTemplateEngine">
                <property name="templateResolver">
                    <bean class="org.thymeleaf.spring5.templateresolver.SpringResourceTemplateResolver">
                        <!--视图前缀-->
                        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/templates/"/>
                        <!--视图后缀-->
                        <property name="suffix" value=".html"/>
                        <property name="templateMode" value="HTML5"/>
                        <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
                    </bean>
                </property>
            </bean>
        </property>

    <!--开启SpringMVC注解支持-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

</beans>

案例展示

• 创建控制器类
  

• 在templates目录下新建index.html和success页面
  
  

• 配置Tomcat过程略

• 访问效果: http://localhost:8080/

讲解

• Spring MVC流程
  

1. 浏览器发送http://localhost:8080/hello请求到前端控制器DispatcherServlet;
2. 前端控制器DispatcherServlet请求处理映射器HandlerMapping查找对应的@RequestMapping("/hello")注解所在的类;
3. 处理适配器HandlerAdapter去执行对应方法并返回ModelAndView给前端控制器DispatcherServlet;
4. 前端控制器DispatcherServlet请求视图解析器ViewResolver进行视图解析,再返回View;
5. 最后响应请求;

@RequestMapping()

• 可以放在类上,也可以放在方法上,如果在类上也有此注解,访问某个方法时必须把类设置的URL也带上,如/usr/add;
• 常用有两个属性:

1. value : 用于指定请求的URL,value = "/hello";
2. method : 用于指定请求的方式,method = {RequestMethod.GET};