派生类继承虚基类后对象的大小----C++学习（1）

原理

虚函数指针占内存的一个地址长度 32位则长度为4个字节 64位则长度为8个字节
1、当类初始化对象时，首先初始化基类，成员对象，最后当前类构造函数
2、如果基类中含有虚函数，基类构造时会初始化一个虚指针指向一个虚函数表
3、父类继承一个虚基类时，会复用基类的虚指针作为当前类的虚指针，并当前类中如果有基类虚函数的同名函数，则覆盖掉虚函数表中该函数的地址，使用当前类的函数地址。并且如果当前类含有基类不存在的虚函数，则向虚函数表中添加该虚函数地址
4、父类继承两个及以上的虚基类时，会复用所有虚基类的虚函数表，并且找到同名函数进行覆盖，并且将新的虚函数添加到第一个继承的基类的虚函数表中

1、基类有虚函数，派生类无虚函数

#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
#include<unordered_set>
using namespace std;

class A {
public:
	A(int x = 0) {
		cout << "A" << x << endl;
	}
	void printA() {
		cout << "Hello A";
	}
};
class B :public A{
public:
	B(int x = 0) {
		cout << "B" << x << endl;
	}
	virtual void printB() {
		cout << "Hello B";
	}
};

class C : public B{
public:
	C() {
		cout << "C" << endl;
	}
	void printC() {
		cout << "Hello C";
	}
};

int main()
{
	A a;
	B b;
	C c;
	cout << "size of a:" << sizeof(a) << endl;
	cout << "size of b:" << sizeof(b) << endl;
	cout << "size of c:" << sizeof(c) << endl;
	return 0;
}

2、基类有虚函数，派生类有虚函数

#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
#include<unordered_set>
using namespace std;

class A {
public:
	A(int x = 0) {
		cout << "A" << x << endl;
	}
	virtual void printA() {
		cout << "Hello A";
	}
};
class B :public A{
public:
	B(int x = 0) {
		cout << "B" << x << endl;
	}
	virtual void printB() {
		cout << "Hello B";
	}
};

class C : public B{
public:
	C() {
		cout << "C" << endl;
	}
	void printC() {
		cout << "Hello C";
	}
};

int main()
{
	A a;
	B b;
	C c;
	cout << "size of a:" << sizeof(a) << endl;
	cout << "size of b:" << sizeof(b) << endl;
	cout << "size of c:" << sizeof(c) << endl;
	return 0;
}

3、基类无虚函数，派生类无虚函数

空类：1个字节

4、基类无虚函数，派生类有虚函数

4或8个字节 一个指针的大小

5、两个基类都有虚函数，派生类无虚函数

#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
#include<unordered_set>
using namespace std;

class A {
public:
	A(int x = 0) {
		cout << "A" << x << endl;
	}
	virtual void printA() {
		cout << "Hello A";
	}
};
class B {
public:
	B(int x = 0) {
		cout << "B" << x << endl;
	}
	virtual void printB() {
		cout << "Hello B";
	}
};

class C : public B, public A {
public:
	C() {
		cout << "C" << endl;
	}
	void printC() {
		cout << "Hello C";
	}
};

int main()
{
	A a;
	B b;
	C c;
	cout << "size of a:" << sizeof(a) << endl;
	cout << "size of b:" << sizeof(b) << endl;
	cout << "size of c:" << sizeof(c) << endl;
	return 0;
}

6、两个基类都有虚函数，派生类有虚函数

#include <iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
#include<unordered_set>
using namespace std;

class A {
public:
	A(int x = 0) {
		cout << "A" << x << endl;
	}
	virtual void printA() {
		cout << "Hello A";
	}
};
class B {
public:
	B(int x = 0) {
		cout << "B" << x << endl;
	}
	virtual void printB() {
		cout << "Hello B";
	}
};

class C : public B, public A {
public:
	C() {
		cout << "C" << endl;
	}
	virtual void printC() {
		cout << "Hello C";
	}
};

int main()
{
	A a;
	B b;
	C c;
	cout << "size of a:" << sizeof(a) << endl;
	cout << "size of b:" << sizeof(b) << endl;
	cout << "size of c:" << sizeof(c) << endl;
	return 0;
}

结果：