异步通知
达到的效果
当驱动程序有数据时, 主动通知应用程序处理数据
驱动程序要做什么?发信号。
① APP设置进程ID时,驱动程序要记录下进程ID;
② APP还要使能驱动程序的异步通知功能,驱动中有对应的函数:
APP打开驱动程序时,内核会创建对应的file结构体,file中有f_flags;
f_flags中有一个FASYNC位,它被设置为1时表示使能异步通知功能。
当f_flags中的FASYNC位发生变化时,驱动程序的fasync函数被调用。
③ 发生中断时,有数据时,驱动程序调用内核辅助函数发信号。
这个辅助函数名为kill_fasync。
相关函数:
使能异步通知,并分配fasync_struct, 发送信号时会用到
int fasync_helper(int fd, struct file * filp, int on, struct fasync_struct **fapp);
发送信号
void kill_fasync(struct fasync_struct **fp, int sig, int band)
驱动程序:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/of_irq.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/irq.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
struct gpio_key{
int gpio;
struct gpio_desc *gpiod;
int flag;
int irq;
} ;
static struct gpio_key *gpio_keys_array;
/* 主设备号 */
static int major = 0;
static struct class *gpio_key_class;
/* 环形缓冲区 */
#define BUF_LEN 128
static int g_keys[BUF_LEN];
static int r, w;
struct fasync_struct *button_fasync;
#define NEXT_POS(x) ((x+1) % BUF_LEN)
static int is_key_buf_empty(void)
{
return (r == w);
}
static int is_key_buf_full(void)
{
return (r == NEXT_POS(w));
}
static void put_key(int key)
{
if (!is_key_buf_full())
{
g_keys[w] = key;
w = NEXT_POS(w);
}
}
static int get_key(void)
{
int key = 0;
if (!is_key_buf_empty())
{
key = g_keys[r];
r = NEXT_POS(r);
}
return key;
}
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(gpio_key_wait);
/* 实现对应的open/read/write等函数,填入file_operations结构体 */
static ssize_t gpio_key_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
//printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
int err;
int key;
wait_event_interruptible(gpio_key_wait, !is_key_buf_empty());
key = get_key();
err = copy_to_user(buf, &key, 4);
return 4;
}
static unsigned int gpio_key_drv_poll(struct file *fp, poll_table * wait)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
poll_wait(fp, &gpio_key_wait, wait);
return is_key_buf_empty() ? 0 : POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
}
static int gpio_key_drv_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
{
if (fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &button_fasync) >= 0)//启动异步通知, button_fasync被分配出来, 应用程序的pid在这里保存
return 0;
else
return -EIO;
}
/* 定义自己的file_operations结构体 */
static struct file_operations gpio_key_drv = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.read = gpio_key_drv_read,
.poll = gpio_key_drv_poll,
.fasync = gpio_key_drv_fasync, //当f_flags中的FASYNC位发生变化时,驱动程序的fasync函数被调用。
};
static irqreturn_t gpio_key_isr(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct gpio_key *gpio_key = dev_id;
int val;
int key;
val = gpiod_get_value(gpio_key->gpiod);
printk("key %d %d\n", gpio_key->gpio, val);
key = (gpio_key->gpio << 8) | val;
put_key(key);
wake_up_interruptible(&gpio_key_wait);
kill_fasync(&button_fasync, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
/* 1. 从platform_device获得GPIO
* 2. gpio=>irq
* 3. request_irq
*/
static int gpio_key_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
int err;
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
int i;
enum of_gpio_flags flag;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
count = of_gpio_count(node);
if (!count)
{
printk("%s %s line %d, there isn't any gpio available\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return -1;
}
gpio_keys_array = kzalloc(sizeof(struct gpio_key) * count, GFP_KERNEL);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
gpio_keys_array[i].gpio = of_get_gpio_flags(node, i, &flag);
if (gpio_keys_array[i].gpio < 0)
{
printk("%s %s line %d, of_get_gpio_flags fail\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
return -1;
}
gpio_keys_array[i].gpiod = gpio_to_desc(gpio_keys_array[i].gpio);
gpio_keys_array[i].flag = flag & OF_GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW;
gpio_keys_array[i].irq = gpio_to_irq(gpio_keys_array[i].gpio);
}
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
err = request_irq(gpio_keys_array[i].irq, gpio_key_isr, IRQF_TRIGGER_RISING | IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, "gpio_key", &gpio_keys_array[i]);
}
/* 注册file_operations */
major = register_chrdev(0, "gpio_key", &gpio_key_drv); /* /dev/gpio_key */
gpio_key_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "gpio_key_class");
if (IS_ERR(gpio_key_class)) {
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
unregister_chrdev(major, "gpio_key");
return PTR_ERR(gpio_key_class);
}
device_create(gpio_key_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "gpio_key"); /* /dev/gpio_key */
return 0;
}
static int gpio_key_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
//int err;
struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node;
int count;
int i;
device_destroy(gpio_key_class, MKDEV(major, 0));
class_destroy(gpio_key_class);
unregister_chrdev(major, "gpio_key");
count = of_gpio_count(node);
for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
free_irq(gpio_keys_array[i].irq, &gpio_keys_array[i]);
}
kfree(gpio_keys_array);
return 0;
}
static const struct of_device_id keys[] = {
{ .compatible = "jzy,gpio_key" },
{ },
};
/* 1. 定义platform_driver */
static struct platform_driver gpio_keys_driver = {
.probe = gpio_key_probe,
.remove = gpio_key_remove,
.driver = {
.name = "gpio_key",
.of_match_table = keys,
},
};
/* 2. 在入口函数注册platform_driver */
static int __init gpio_key_init(void)
{
int err;
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
err = platform_driver_register(&gpio_keys_driver);
return err;
}
/* 3. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数:卸载驱动程序时,就会去调用这个出口函数
* 卸载platform_driver
*/
static void __exit gpio_key_exit(void)
{
printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
platform_driver_unregister(&gpio_keys_driver);
}
/* 7. 其他完善:提供设备信息,自动创建设备节点 */
module_init(gpio_key_init);
module_exit(gpio_key_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
应用程序:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <signal.h>
static int fd;
static void sig_func(int sig) //信号处理函数
{
int val;
read(fd, &val, 4);
printf("get button : 0x%x\n", val);
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int val;
struct pollfd fds[1];
int timeout_ms = 5000;
int ret;
int flags;
/* 1. 判断参数 */
if (argc != 2)
{
printf("Usage: %s <dev>\n", argv[0]);
return -1;
}
signal(SIGIO, sig_func); //注册信号处理函数
/* 2. 打开文件 */
fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
if (fd == -1)
{
printf("can not open file %s\n", argv[1]);
return -1;
}
fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid()); //把进程号传递给驱动
flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL); //获取当前的flags
fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags | FASYNC); //这三个步骤是向驱动申请异步通知功能, 这一步操作便会调用驱动的fasync函数
while (1)
{
printf(".... \n");
sleep(2);
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}