文章目录
前言
本笔记主要依托于B站满老师的视频以及自己所阅读的书籍。如果本文对你有帮助的话，请大家多多给满老师一键三连，给本文Star，谢谢。
三、Netty 进阶
1. 粘包与半包
1.1 粘包现象
服务端代码
public class HelloWorldServer {
static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorldServer.class);
void start() {
NioEventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup(1);
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker);
serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
log.debug("connected {}", ctx.channel());
super.channelActive(ctx);
}
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
log.debug("disconnect {}", ctx.channel());
super.channelInactive(ctx);
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8080);
log.debug("{} binding...", channelFuture.channel());
channelFuture.sync();
log.debug("{} bound...", channelFuture.channel());
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("server error", e);
} finally {
boss.shutdownGracefully();
worker.shutdownGracefully();
log.debug("stoped");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new HelloWorldServer().start();
}
}
客户端代码希望发送 10 个消息，每个消息是 16 字节
public class HelloWorldClient {
static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorldClient.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(worker);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
log.debug("connetted...");
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override // 会在连接 channel 建立成功后，触发 activate 事件
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
log.debug("sending...");
Random r = new Random();
char c = 'a';
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer();
buffer.writeBytes(new byte[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15});
ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer);
}
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 8080).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("client error", e);
} finally {
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
服务器端的某次输出，可以看到一次就接收了 160 个字节，而非分 10 次接收，出现了粘包现象。
08:24:46 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - [id: 0x81e0fda5] binding...
08:24:46 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - [id: 0x81e0fda5, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8080] bound...
08:24:55 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x94132411, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:58177] REGISTERED
08:24:55 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x94132411, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:58177] ACTIVE
08:24:55 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - connected [id: 0x94132411, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:58177]
08:24:55 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x94132411, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:58177] READ: 160B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................|
|00000010| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................|
|00000020| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................|
|00000030| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................|
|00000040| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................|
|00000050| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................|
|00000060| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................|
|00000070| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................|
|00000080| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................|
|00000090| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................|
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
08:24:55 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x94132411, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:58177] READ COMPLETE
1.2 半包现象
客户端代码希望发送 1 个消息，这个消息是 160 字节，代码改为
ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
buffer.writeBytes(new byte[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15});
}
ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer);
为现象明显，服务端修改一下接收缓冲区，其它代码不变
serverBootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 10);
服务器端的某次输出，可以看到接收的消息被分为两节，第一次 20 字节，第二次 140 字节
08:43:49 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - [id: 0x4d6c6a84] binding...
08:43:49 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - [id: 0x4d6c6a84, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:8080] bound...
08:44:23 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x1719abf7, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:59221] REGISTERED
08:44:23 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x1719abf7, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:59221] ACTIVE
08:44:23 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - connected [id: 0x1719abf7, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:59221]
08:44:24 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x1719abf7, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:59221] READ: 20B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |................|
|00000010| 00 01 02 03 |.... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
08:44:24 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x1719abf7, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:59221] READ COMPLETE
08:44:24 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x1719abf7, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:59221] READ: 140B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................|
|00000010| 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................|
|00000020| 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................|
|00000030| 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................|
|00000040| 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................|
|00000050| 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................|
|00000060| 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................|
|00000070| 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f 00 01 02 03 |................|
|00000080| 04 05 06 07 08 09 0a 0b 0c 0d 0e 0f |............ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
08:44:24 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x1719abf7, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:59221] READ COMPLETE
注意
serverBootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 10) 影响的底层接收缓冲区（即滑动窗口）大小，仅决定了 netty 读取的最小单位，netty 实际每次读取的一般是它的整数倍
1.3 现象分析
粘包
- 现象，发送 abc def，接收 abcdef
- 原因
- 应用层：接收方 ByteBuf 设置太大（Netty 默认 1024）
- 滑动窗口：假设发送方 256 bytes 表示一个完整报文，但由于接收方处理不及时且窗口大小足够大，这 256 bytes 字节就会缓冲在接收方的滑动窗口中，当滑动窗口中缓冲了多个报文就会粘包
- Nagle 算法（攒够了一批数据再发送）：会造成粘包
半包
- 现象，发送 abcdef，接收 abc def
- 原因
- 应用层：接收方 ByteBuf 小于实际发送数据量
- 滑动窗口：假设接收方的窗口只剩了 128 bytes，发送方的报文大小是 256 bytes，这时放不下了，只能先发送前 128 bytes，等待 ack（应答）后才能发送剩余部分，这就造成了半包
- MSS 限制（链路层，网卡限制）：当发送的数据超过 MSS 限制后，会将数据切分发送，就会造成半包
本质是因为 TCP 是流式协议，消息无边界
滑动窗口
- TCP 以一个段（segment）为单位，每发送一个段就需要进行一次确认应答（ack）处理，但如果这么做，缺点是包的往返时间越长性能就越差
为了解决此问题，引入了窗口概念，窗口大小即决定了无需等待应答而可以继续发送的数据最大值
窗口实际就起到一个缓冲区的作用，同时也能起到流量控制的作用
- 图中深色的部分即要发送的数据，高亮的部分即窗口
- 窗口内的数据才允许被发送，当应答未到达前，窗口必须停止滑动
- 如果 1001~2000 这个段的数据 ack 回来了，窗口就可以向前滑动
- 接收方也会维护一个窗口，只有落在窗口内的数据才能允许接收
MSS 限制
链路层对一次能够发送的最大数据有限制，这个限制称之为 MTU（maximum transmission unit），不同的链路设备的 MTU 值也有所不同，例如
以太网的 MTU 是 1500
FDDI（光纤分布式数据接口）的 MTU 是 4352
本地回环地址的 MTU 是 65535 - 本地测试不走网卡
MSS 是最大段长度（maximum segment size），它是 MTU 刨去 tcp 头和 ip 头后剩余能够作为数据传输的字节数
ipv4 tcp 头占用 20 bytes，ip 头占用 20 bytes，因此以太网 MSS 的值为 1500 - 40 = 1460
TCP 在传递大量数据时，会按照 MSS 大小将数据进行分割发送
MSS 的值在三次握手时通知对方自己 MSS 的值，然后在两者之间选择一个小值作为 MSS
Nagle 算法
- 即使发送一个字节，也需要加入 tcp 头和 ip 头，也就是总字节数会使用 41 bytes，非常不经济。因此为了提高网络利用率，tcp 希望尽可能发送足够大的数据，这就是 Nagle 算法产生的缘由
- 该算法是指发送端即使还有应该发送的数据，但如果这部分数据很少的话，则进行延迟发送
- 如果 SO_SNDBUF 的数据达到 MSS，则需要发送
- 如果 SO_SNDBUF 中含有 FIN（表示需要连接关闭）这时将剩余数据发送，再关闭
- 如果 TCP_NODELAY = true，则需要发送
- 已发送的数据都收到 ack 时，则需要发送
- 上述条件不满足，但发生超时（一般为 200ms）则需要发送
- 除上述情况，延迟发送
1.4 解决方案
- 短链接，发一个包建立一次连接，这样连接建立到连接断开之间就是消息的边界，缺点效率太低
- 每一条消息采用固定长度，缺点浪费空间
- 每一条消息采用分隔符，例如 \n，缺点需要转义
- 每一条消息分为 head 和 body，head 中包含 body 的长度
方法1，短链接
以解决粘包为例（服务端的缓冲区应当容量较大）
public class HelloWorldClient {
static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorldClient.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 分 10 次发送
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
send();
}
}
private static void send() {
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(worker);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
log.debug("conneted...");
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
log.debug("sending...");
ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer();
buffer.writeBytes(new byte[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15});
ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer);
// 发完即关，也就是发一次断一次
ctx.close();
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 8080).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("client error", e);
} finally {
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
输出，略
半包用这种办法还是不好解决，因为接收方的缓冲区大小是有限的
半包现象演示：客户端代码改为发送18个字节 buf.writeBytes(new byte[]{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17});
服务端代码：
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class Server1 {
void start() {
NioEventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
// 调整系统的接收缓冲器（滑动窗口）
// serverBootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 10);
// 调整 netty 的接收缓冲区（byteBuf） AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator 默认分配 1024 个字节作为缓缓冲区
serverBootstrap.childOption(ChannelOption.RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR, new AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator(16, 16, 16));
serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker);
serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8080).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("server error", e);
} finally {
boss.shutdownGracefully();
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Server1().start();
}
}
输出，略。见工程代码 cn.itcast.advance.c1.Client1 和 cn.itcast.advance.c1.Server1
方法2，固定长度
让所有数据包长度固定（假设长度为 8 字节），服务器端加入
ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(8));// 这个 handler 让消息长度为8后再向下传，放在 ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG)); 之前
客户端测试代码，注意, 采用这种方法后，客户端什么时候 flush 都可以
public class HelloWorldClient {
static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorldClient.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(worker);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
log.debug("connetted...");
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
log.debug("sending...");
// 发送内容随机的数据包
Random r = new Random();
char c = 'a';
ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
byte[] bytes = new byte[8];
for (int j = 0; j < r.nextInt(8); j++) {
bytes[j] = (byte) c;
}
c++;
buffer.writeBytes(bytes);
}
ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer);
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("192.168.0.103", 9090).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("client error", e);
} finally {
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
客户端输出
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] c.i.n.HelloWorldClient - connetted...
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3c2ef3c2] REGISTERED
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3c2ef3c2] CONNECT: /192.168.0.103:9090
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3c2ef3c2, L:/192.168.0.103:53155 - R:/192.168.0.103:9090] ACTIVE
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] c.i.n.HelloWorldClient - sending...
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3c2ef3c2, L:/192.168.0.103:53155 - R:/192.168.0.103:9090] WRITE: 80B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 61 61 61 61 00 00 00 00 62 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |aaaa....b.......|
|00000010| 63 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 64 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |cc......d.......|
|00000020| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 66 66 66 66 00 00 00 00 |........ffff....|
|00000030| 67 67 67 00 00 00 00 00 68 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |ggg.....h.......|
|00000040| 69 69 69 69 69 00 00 00 6a 6a 6a 6a 00 00 00 00 |iiiii...jjjj....|
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3c2ef3c2, L:/192.168.0.103:53155 - R:/192.168.0.103:9090] FLUSH
服务端输出
12:06:51 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - [id: 0xe3d9713f] binding...
12:06:51 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - [id: 0xe3d9713f, L:/192.168.0.103:9090] bound...
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] REGISTERED
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] ACTIVE
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - connected [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155]
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] READ: 8B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 61 61 61 61 00 00 00 00 |aaaa.... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] READ: 8B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 62 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |b....... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] READ: 8B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 63 63 00 00 00 00 00 00 |cc...... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] READ: 8B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 64 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |d....... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] READ: 8B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |........ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] READ: 8B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 66 66 66 66 00 00 00 00 |ffff.... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] READ: 8B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 67 67 67 00 00 00 00 00 |ggg..... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] READ: 8B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 68 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |h....... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] READ: 8B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 69 69 69 69 69 00 00 00 |iiiii... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] READ: 8B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 6a 6a 6a 6a 00 00 00 00 |jjjj.... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
12:07:00 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xd739f137, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:53155] READ COMPLETE
缺点是，数据包的大小不好把握
- 长度定的太大，浪费
- 长度定的太小，对某些数据包又显得不够
完整服务端代码和客户端代码：
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class Server2 {
void start() {
NioEventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
// 调整系统的接收缓冲区（滑动窗口）
// serverBootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 10);
// 调整 netty 的接收缓冲区（byteBuf）
serverBootstrap.childOption(ChannelOption.RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR, new AdaptiveRecvByteBufAllocator(16, 16, 16));
serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker);
serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(10));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8080).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("server error", e);
} finally {
boss.shutdownGracefully();
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Server2().start();
}
}
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
public class Client2 {
static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Client1.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
send();
System.out.println("finish");
}
public static byte[] fill10Bytes(char c, int len) {
byte[] bytes = new byte[10];
Arrays.fill(bytes, (byte) '_');
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
bytes[i] = (byte) c;
}
System.out.println(new String(bytes));
return bytes;
}
private static void send() {
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(worker);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
// 会在连接 channel 建立成功后，会触发 active 事件
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ByteBuf buf = ctx.alloc().buffer();
char c = '0';
Random r = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
byte[] bytes = fill10Bytes(c, r.nextInt(10) + 1);
c++;
buf.writeBytes(bytes);
}
ctx.writeAndFlush(buf);
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 8080).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("client error", e);
} finally {
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
客户端结果：
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x04c60de9] REGISTERED
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x04c60de9] CONNECT: /127.0.0.1:8080
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x04c60de9, L:/127.0.0.1:8891 - R:/127.0.0.1:8080] ACTIVE
000000____
1111111___
2222______
333333333_
44444_____
555555555_
6666666666
777777____
8_________
999_______
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x04c60de9, L:/127.0.0.1:8891 - R:/127.0.0.1:8080] WRITE: 100B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 30 30 30 30 30 30 5f 5f 5f 5f 31 31 31 31 31 31 |000000____111111|
|00000010| 31 5f 5f 5f 32 32 32 32 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 33 33 |1___2222______33|
|00000020| 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 5f 34 34 34 34 34 5f 5f 5f |3333333_44444___|
|00000030| 5f 5f 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 5f 36 36 36 36 |__555555555_6666|
|00000040| 36 36 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 37 5f 5f 5f 5f |666666777777____|
|00000050| 38 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 39 39 39 5f 5f 5f |8_________999___|
|00000060| 5f 5f 5f 5f |____ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x04c60de9, L:/127.0.0.1:8891 - R:/127.0.0.1:8080] FLUSH
服务端结果：
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] REGISTERED
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] ACTIVE
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ: 10B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 30 30 30 30 30 30 5f 5f 5f 5f |000000____ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ COMPLETE
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ: 10B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 5f 5f 5f |1111111___ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ: 10B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 32 32 32 32 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |2222______ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ COMPLETE
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ: 10B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 5f |333333333_ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ COMPLETE
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ: 10B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 34 34 34 34 34 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |44444_____ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ: 10B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 5f |555555555_ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ COMPLETE
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ: 10B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 |6666666666 |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ: 10B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 37 37 37 37 37 37 5f 5f 5f 5f |777777____ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ COMPLETE
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ: 10B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 38 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |8_________ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ COMPLETE
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ: 10B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 39 39 39 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f 5f |999_______ |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
16:13:46 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x3bf03c82, L:/127.0.0.1:8080 - R:/127.0.0.1:8891] READ COMPLETE
方法3，固定分隔符
服务端加入，默认以 \n 或 \r\n 作为分隔符界定消息边界，如果超出指定长度仍未出现分隔符，则抛出异常
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024));
客户端在每条消息之后，加入 \n 分隔符
public class HelloWorldClient {
static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorldClient.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(worker);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
log.debug("connetted...");
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
log.debug("sending...");
Random r = new Random();
char c = 'a';
ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
for (int j = 1; j <= r.nextInt(16)+1; j++) {
buffer.writeByte((byte) c);
}
buffer.writeByte(10);
c++;
}
ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer);
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("192.168.0.103", 9090).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("client error", e);
} finally {
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
客户端输出
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] c.i.n.HelloWorldClient - connetted...
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x1282d755] REGISTERED
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x1282d755] CONNECT: /192.168.0.103:9090
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x1282d755, L:/192.168.0.103:63641 - R:/192.168.0.103:9090] ACTIVE
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] c.i.n.HelloWorldClient - sending...
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x1282d755, L:/192.168.0.103:63641 - R:/192.168.0.103:9090] WRITE: 60B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 61 0a 62 62 62 0a 63 63 63 0a 64 64 0a 65 65 65 |a.bbb.ccc.dd.eee|
|00000010| 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 0a 66 66 0a 67 67 67 67 67 |eeeeeee.ff.ggggg|
|00000020| 67 67 0a 68 68 68 68 0a 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 0a |gg.hhhh.iiiiiii.|
|00000030| 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 0a |jjjjjjjjjjj. |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x1282d755, L:/192.168.0.103:63641 - R:/192.168.0.103:9090] FLUSH
服务端输出
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - connected [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641]
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641] READ: 1B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 61 |a |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641] READ: 3B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 62 62 62 |bbb |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641] READ: 3B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 63 63 63 |ccc |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641] READ: 2B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 64 64 |dd |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641] READ: 10B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 |eeeeeeeeee |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641] READ: 2B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 66 66 |ff |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641] READ: 7B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 |ggggggg |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641] READ: 4B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 68 68 68 68 |hhhh |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641] READ: 7B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 |iiiiiii |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641] READ: 11B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a |jjjjjjjjjjj |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:08:18 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-5] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xa4b3be43, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:63641] READ COMPLETE
缺点，处理字符数据比较合适，但如果内容本身包含了分隔符（字节数据常常会有此情况），那么就会解析错误
TODO服务端客户端完整代码见工程资料 cn.itcast.advance.c1.Server3 和 cn.itcast.advance.c1.Client3
方法4，预设长度
编解码的完整代码：
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
public class TestLengthFieldDecoder {
public static void main(String[] args) {
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel( // 用来测试编解码
new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(
1024, 0, 4, 1,5),
new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG)
);
// 4 个字节的内容长度， 实际内容
ByteBuf buffer = ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.buffer();
send(buffer, "Hello, world");
send(buffer, "Hi!");
channel.writeInbound(buffer);
}
private static void send(ByteBuf buffer, String content) {
byte[] bytes = content.getBytes(); // 实际内容
int length = bytes.length;// 实际内容长度
buffer.writeInt(length); // 4 字节的 int 值代表长度
buffer.writeByte(1); // 需要调整的字节，可能为版本号
buffer.writeBytes(bytes); // 内容 values
}
}
结果：
17:40:41 [DEBUG] [main] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] REGISTERED
17:40:41 [DEBUG] [main] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] ACTIVE
17:40:41 [DEBUG] [main] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ: 12B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 2c 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 |Hello, world |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
17:40:41 [DEBUG] [main] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ: 3B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 48 69 21 |Hi! |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
17:40:41 [DEBUG] [main] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ COMPLETE
Process finished with exit code 0
在发送消息前，先约定用定长字节表示接下来数据的长度
// 最大长度，长度偏移，长度占用字节，长度调整，剥离字节数
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(1024, 0, 1, 0, 1));
客户端代码
public class HelloWorldClient {
static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorldClient.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(worker);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
log.debug("connetted...");
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
log.debug("sending...");
Random r = new Random();
char c = 'a';
ByteBuf buffer = ctx.alloc().buffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
byte length = (byte) (r.nextInt(16) + 1);
// 先写入长度
buffer.writeByte(length);
// 再
for (int j = 1; j <= length; j++) {
buffer.writeByte((byte) c);
}
c++;
}
ctx.writeAndFlush(buffer);
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("192.168.0.103", 9090).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("client error", e);
} finally {
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
客户端输出
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] c.i.n.HelloWorldClient - connetted...
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xf0f347b8] REGISTERED
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xf0f347b8] CONNECT: /192.168.0.103:9090
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xf0f347b8, L:/192.168.0.103:49979 - R:/192.168.0.103:9090] ACTIVE
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] c.i.n.HelloWorldClient - sending...
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xf0f347b8, L:/192.168.0.103:49979 - R:/192.168.0.103:9090] WRITE: 97B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 09 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 09 62 62 62 62 62 |.aaaaaaaaa.bbbbb|
|00000010| 62 62 62 62 06 63 63 63 63 63 63 08 64 64 64 64 |bbbb.cccccc.dddd|
|00000020| 64 64 64 64 0f 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 |dddd.eeeeeeeeeee|
|00000030| 65 65 65 65 0d 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 |eeee.fffffffffff|
|00000040| 66 66 02 67 67 02 68 68 0e 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 |ff.gg.hh.iiiiiii|
|00000050| 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 09 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a |iiiiiii.jjjjjjjj|
|00000060| 6a |j |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-2-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xf0f347b8, L:/192.168.0.103:49979 - R:/192.168.0.103:9090] FLUSH
服务端输出
14:36:50 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - [id: 0xdff439d3] binding...
14:36:51 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - [id: 0xdff439d3, L:/192.168.0.103:9090] bound...
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] REGISTERED
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] ACTIVE
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.n.HelloWorldServer - connected [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979]
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] READ: 9B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 |aaaaaaaaa |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] READ: 9B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 |bbbbbbbbb |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] READ: 6B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 63 63 63 63 63 63 |cccccc |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] READ: 8B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 |dddddddd |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] READ: 15B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 |eeeeeeeeeeeeeee |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] READ: 13B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 |fffffffffffff |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] READ: 2B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 67 67 |gg |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] READ: 2B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 68 68 |hh |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] READ: 14B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 |iiiiiiiiiiiiii |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] READ: 9B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a 6a |jjjjjjjjj |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
14:37:10 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x744f2b47, L:/192.168.0.103:9090 - R:/192.168.0.103:49979] READ COMPLETE
2. 协议设计与解析
2.1 为什么需要协议？
TCP/IP 中消息传输基于流的方式，没有边界。
协议的目的就是划定消息的边界，制定通信双方要共同遵守的通信规则
例如：在网络上传输
下雨天留客天留我不留
是中文一句著名的无标点符号句子，在没有标点符号情况下，这句话有数种拆解方式，而意思却是完全不同，所以常被用作讲述标点符号的重要性
一种解读
下雨天留客，天留，我不留
另一种解读
下雨天，留客天，留我不？留
如何设计协议呢？其实就是给网络传输的信息加上“标点符号”。但通过分隔符来断句不是很好，因为分隔符本身如果用于传输，那么必须加以区分。因此，下面一种协议较为常用
定长字节表示内容长度 + 实际内容
例如，假设一个中文字符长度为 3，按照上述协议的规则，发送信息方式如下，就不会被接收方弄错意思了
0f下雨天留客06天留09我不留
小故事
很久很久以前，一位私塾先生到一家任教。双方签订了一纸协议：“无鸡鸭亦可无鱼肉亦可白菜豆腐不可少不得束修金”。此后，私塾先生虽然认真教课，但主人家则总是给私塾先生以白菜豆腐为菜，丝毫未见鸡鸭鱼肉的款待。私塾先生先是很不解，可是后来也就想通了：主人把鸡鸭鱼肉的钱都会换为束修金的，也罢。至此双方相安无事。
年关将至，一个学年段亦告结束。私塾先生临行时，也不见主人家为他交付束修金，遂与主家理论。然主家亦振振有词：“有协议为证——无鸡鸭亦可，无鱼肉亦可，白菜豆腐不可少，不得束修金。这白纸黑字明摆着的，你有什么要说的呢？”
私塾先生据理力争：“协议是这样的——无鸡，鸭亦可；无鱼，肉亦可；白菜豆腐不可，少不得束修金。”
双方唇枪舌战，你来我往，真个是不亦乐乎！
这里的束修金，也作“束脩”，应当是泛指教师应当得到的报酬
2.2 redis 协议举例
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
@Slf4j
public class TestRedis {
/*
set name zhangsan
*3
$3 // 表示字段有3
set
$4
name
$8
zhangsan
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
final byte[] LINE = {13, 10}; // 回车换行
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(worker);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ByteBuf buf = ctx.alloc().buffer();
buf.writeBytes("*3".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("$3".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("set".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("$4".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("name".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("$8".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("zhangsan".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
ctx.writeAndFlush(buf);
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
System.out.println(buf.toString(Charset.defaultCharset()));
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("192.168.5.129", 6379).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("client error", e);
} finally {
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
byte[] LINE = {13, 10};
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(worker);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
// 会在连接 channel 建立成功后，会触发 active 事件
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
set(ctx);
get(ctx);
}
private void get(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ByteBuf buf = ctx.alloc().buffer();
buf.writeBytes("*2".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("$3".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("get".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("$3".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("aaa".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
ctx.writeAndFlush(buf);
}
private void set(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ByteBuf buf = ctx.alloc().buffer();
buf.writeBytes("*3".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("$3".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("set".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("$3".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("aaa".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("$3".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
buf.writeBytes("bbb".getBytes());
buf.writeBytes(LINE);
ctx.writeAndFlush(buf);
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg;
System.out.println(buf.toString(Charset.defaultCharset()));
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 6379).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("client error", e);
} finally {
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
2.3 http 协议举例
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.*;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH;
@Slf4j
public class TestHttp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker);
serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec()); // 编解码器 Codec
/*ch.pipeline().addLast(new SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpRequest>() {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpRequest msg) throws Exception {
// 获取请求
log.debug(msg.uri());
// 返回响应
DefaultFullHttpResponse response =
new DefaultFullHttpResponse(msg.protocolVersion(), HttpResponseStatus.OK);
byte[] bytes = "<h1>Hello, world!</h1>".getBytes();
response.headers().setInt(CONTENT_LENGTH, bytes.length);
response.content().writeBytes(bytes);
// 写回响应
ctx.writeAndFlush(response);
}
});*/
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { // 自定义 handler 来处理编解码结果
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
log.debug("{}", msg.getClass()); // 调试，测试经过编解码之后的结果是什么
if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) { // 请求行，请求头
} else if (msg instanceof HttpContent) { //请求体
}
}
});
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8080).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("server error", e);
} finally {
boss.shutdownGracefully();
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
测试：
18:17:36 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x98d66868, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:11828] REGISTERED
18:17:36 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x5c79f530, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:11827] REGISTERED
18:17:36 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x98d66868, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:11828] ACTIVE
18:17:36 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x5c79f530, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:11827] ACTIVE
18:17:36 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x5c79f530, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:11827] READ: 793B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 47 45 54 20 2f 69 6e 64 65 78 2e 68 74 6d 6c 20 |GET /index.html |
|00000010| 48 54 54 50 2f 31 2e 31 0d 0a 48 6f 73 74 3a 20 |HTTP/1.1..Host: |
|00000020| 6c 6f 63 61 6c 68 6f 73 74 3a 38 30 38 30 0d 0a |localhost:8080..|
|00000030| 43 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 6b 65 65 70 |Connection: keep|
|00000040| 2d 61 6c 69 76 65 0d 0a 73 65 63 2d 63 68 2d 75 |-alive..sec-ch-u|
|00000050| 61 3a 20 22 20 4e 6f 74 20 41 3b 42 72 61 6e 64 |a: " Not A;Brand|
|00000060| 22 3b 76 3d 22 39 39 22 2c 20 22 43 68 72 6f 6d |";v="99", "Chrom|
|00000070| 69 75 6d 22 3b 76 3d 22 31 30 31 22 2c 20 22 4d |ium";v="101", "M|
|00000080| 69 63 72 6f 73 6f 66 74 20 45 64 67 65 22 3b 76 |icrosoft Edge";v|
|00000090| 3d 22 31 30 31 22 0d 0a 73 65 63 2d 63 68 2d 75 |="101"..sec-ch-u|
|000000a0| 61 2d 6d 6f 62 69 6c 65 3a 20 3f 30 0d 0a 73 65 |a-mobile: ?0..se|
|000000b0| 63 2d 63 68 2d 75 61 2d 70 6c 61 74 66 6f 72 6d |c-ch-ua-platform|
|000000c0| 3a 20 22 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 22 0d 0a 55 70 67 |: "Windows"..Upg|
|000000d0| 72 61 64 65 2d 49 6e 73 65 63 75 72 65 2d 52 65 |rade-Insecure-Re|
|000000e0| 71 75 65 73 74 73 3a 20 31 0d 0a 55 73 65 72 2d |quests: 1..User-|
|000000f0| 41 67 65 6e 74 3a 20 4d 6f 7a 69 6c 6c 61 2f 35 |Agent: Mozilla/5|
|00000100| 2e 30 20 28 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 4e 54 20 31 |.0 (Windows NT 1|
|00000110| 30 2e 30 3b 20 57 69 6e 36 34 3b 20 78 36 34 29 |0.0; Win64; x64)|
|00000120| 20 41 70 70 6c 65 57 65 62 4b 69 74 2f 35 33 37 | AppleWebKit/537|
|00000130| 2e 33 36 20 28 4b 48 54 4d 4c 2c 20 6c 69 6b 65 |.36 (KHTML, like|
|00000140| 20 47 65 63 6b 6f 29 20 43 68 72 6f 6d 65 2f 31 | Gecko) Chrome/1|
|00000150| 30 31 2e 30 2e 34 39 35 31 2e 36 34 20 53 61 66 |01.0.4951.64 Saf|
|00000160| 61 72 69 2f 35 33 37 2e 33 36 20 45 64 67 2f 31 |ari/537.36 Edg/1|
|00000170| 30 31 2e 30 2e 31 32 31 30 2e 35 33 0d 0a 41 63 |01.0.1210.53..Ac|
|00000180| 63 65 70 74 3a 20 74 65 78 74 2f 68 74 6d 6c 2c |cept: text/html,|
|00000190| 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 2f 78 68 74 6d |application/xhtm|
|000001a0| 6c 2b 78 6d 6c 2c 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f |l+xml,applicatio|
|000001b0| 6e 2f 78 6d 6c 3b 71 3d 30 2e 39 2c 69 6d 61 67 |n/xml;q=0.9,imag|
|000001c0| 65 2f 77 65 62 70 2c 69 6d 61 67 65 2f 61 70 6e |e/webp,image/apn|
|000001d0| 67 2c 2a 2f 2a 3b 71 3d 30 2e 38 2c 61 70 70 6c |g,*/*;q=0.8,appl|
|000001e0| 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 2f 73 69 67 6e 65 64 2d 65 |ication/signed-e|
|000001f0| 78 63 68 61 6e 67 65 3b 76 3d 62 33 3b 71 3d 30 |xchange;v=b3;q=0|
|00000200| 2e 39 0d 0a 53 65 63 2d 46 65 74 63 68 2d 53 69 |.9..Sec-Fetch-Si|
|00000210| 74 65 3a 20 6e 6f 6e 65 0d 0a 53 65 63 2d 46 65 |te: none..Sec-Fe|
|00000220| 74 63 68 2d 4d 6f 64 65 3a 20 6e 61 76 69 67 61 |tch-Mode: naviga|
|00000230| 74 65 0d 0a 53 65 63 2d 46 65 74 63 68 2d 55 73 |te..Sec-Fetch-Us|
|00000240| 65 72 3a 20 3f 31 0d 0a 53 65 63 2d 46 65 74 63 |er: ?1..Sec-Fetc|
|00000250| 68 2d 44 65 73 74 3a 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 |h-Dest: document|
|00000260| 0d 0a 41 63 63 65 70 74 2d 45 6e 63 6f 64 69 6e |..Accept-Encodin|
|00000270| 67 3a 20 67 7a 69 70 2c 20 64 65 66 6c 61 74 65 |g: gzip, deflate|
|00000280| 2c 20 62 72 0d 0a 41 63 63 65 70 74 2d 4c 61 6e |, br..Accept-Lan|
|00000290| 67 75 61 67 65 3a 20 7a 68 2d 43 4e 2c 7a 68 3b |guage: zh-CN,zh;|
|000002a0| 71 3d 30 2e 39 2c 65 6e 3b 71 3d 30 2e 38 2c 65 |q=0.9,en;q=0.8,e|
|000002b0| 6e 2d 47 42 3b 71 3d 30 2e 37 2c 65 6e 2d 55 53 |n-GB;q=0.7,en-US|
|000002c0| 3b 71 3d 30 2e 36 0d 0a 43 6f 6f 6b 69 65 3a 20 |;q=0.6..Cookie: |
|000002d0| 49 64 65 61 2d 38 32 39 36 65 37 36 66 3d 30 65 |Idea-8296e76f=0e|
|000002e0| 32 36 31 32 38 38 2d 35 37 64 36 2d 34 31 38 34 |261288-57d6-4184|
|000002f0| 2d 39 62 30 33 2d 62 35 62 33 36 34 61 39 39 37 |-9b03-b5b364a997|
|00000300| 62 32 3b 20 74 73 5f 75 69 64 3d 32 33 38 35 30 |b2; ts_uid=23850|
|00000310| 37 34 33 39 34 0d 0a 0d 0a |74394.... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
18:17:36 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.a.c2.TestHttp - class io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpRequest // 请求行
18:17:36 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.a.c2.TestHttp - class io.netty.handler.codec.http.LastHttpContent$1 // 请求体
18:17:36 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x5c79f530, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:11827] READ COMPLETE
18:18:39 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x98d66868, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:11828] READ COMPLETE
18:18:39 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x98d66868, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 ! R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:11828] INACTIVE
18:18:39 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x98d66868, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 ! R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:11828] UNREGISTERED
ch.pipeline().addLast(new SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpRequest>() { // 入站处理器，只关心 HttpRequest 类型的消息
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LogLevel;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH;
@Slf4j
public class TestHttp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker);
serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec()); // 编解码器 Codec，即是入站处理器也是出站处理器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new SimpleChannelInboundHandler<HttpRequest>() { // 入站处理器，只关心 HttpRequest 类型的消息
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpRequest msg) throws Exception { // 泛型指定消息类型 HttpRequest
// 获取请求
log.debug(msg.uri());
// 返回响应
DefaultFullHttpResponse response =
new DefaultFullHttpResponse(msg.protocolVersion(), HttpResponseStatus.OK); // Http 的版本和响应状态码
byte[] bytes = "<h1>Hello, world!</h1>".getBytes();
response.headers().setInt(CONTENT_LENGTH, bytes.length); // bytes.length 设置响应的长度，不设置浏览器会一直转圈圈
response.content().writeBytes(bytes);
// 写回响应，写回 channel 中
ctx.writeAndFlush(response);
}
});
/*ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() { // 自定义 handler 来处理编解码结果
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
log.debug("{}", msg.getClass()); // 调试，测试经过编解码之后的结果是什么
if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) { // 请求行，请求头
} else if (msg instanceof HttpContent) { //请求体
}
}
});*/
}
});
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8080).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("server error", e);
} finally {
boss.shutdownGracefully();
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
18:29:22 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xee6a6692, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12380] REGISTERED
18:29:22 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x15ce0684, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12379] REGISTERED
18:29:22 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x15ce0684, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12379] ACTIVE
18:29:22 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xee6a6692, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12380] ACTIVE
18:29:22 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x15ce0684, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12379] READ: 819B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 47 45 54 20 2f 69 6e 64 65 78 2e 68 74 6d 6c 20 |GET /index.html |
|00000010| 48 54 54 50 2f 31 2e 31 0d 0a 48 6f 73 74 3a 20 |HTTP/1.1..Host: |
|00000020| 6c 6f 63 61 6c 68 6f 73 74 3a 38 30 38 30 0d 0a |localhost:8080..|
|00000030| 43 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 6b 65 65 70 |Connection: keep|
|00000040| 2d 61 6c 69 76 65 0d 0a 43 61 63 68 65 2d 43 6f |-alive..Cache-Co|
|00000050| 6e 74 72 6f 6c 3a 20 6d 61 78 2d 61 67 65 3d 30 |ntrol: max-age=0|
|00000060| 0d 0a 73 65 63 2d 63 68 2d 75 61 3a 20 22 20 4e |..sec-ch-ua: " N|
|00000070| 6f 74 20 41 3b 42 72 61 6e 64 22 3b 76 3d 22 39 |ot A;Brand";v="9|
|00000080| 39 22 2c 20 22 43 68 72 6f 6d 69 75 6d 22 3b 76 |9", "Chromium";v|
|00000090| 3d 22 31 30 31 22 2c 20 22 4d 69 63 72 6f 73 6f |="101", "Microso|
|000000a0| 66 74 20 45 64 67 65 22 3b 76 3d 22 31 30 31 22 |ft Edge";v="101"|
|000000b0| 0d 0a 73 65 63 2d 63 68 2d 75 61 2d 6d 6f 62 69 |..sec-ch-ua-mobi|
|000000c0| 6c 65 3a 20 3f 30 0d 0a 73 65 63 2d 63 68 2d 75 |le: ?0..sec-ch-u|
|000000d0| 61 2d 70 6c 61 74 66 6f 72 6d 3a 20 22 57 69 6e |a-platform: "Win|
|000000e0| 64 6f 77 73 22 0d 0a 55 70 67 72 61 64 65 2d 49 |dows"..Upgrade-I|
|000000f0| 6e 73 65 63 75 72 65 2d 52 65 71 75 65 73 74 73 |nsecure-Requests|
|00000100| 3a 20 31 0d 0a 55 73 65 72 2d 41 67 65 6e 74 3a |: 1..User-Agent:|
|00000110| 20 4d 6f 7a 69 6c 6c 61 2f 35 2e 30 20 28 57 69 | Mozilla/5.0 (Wi|
|00000120| 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 4e 54 20 31 30 2e 30 3b 20 57 |ndows NT 10.0; W|
|00000130| 69 6e 36 34 3b 20 78 36 34 29 20 41 70 70 6c 65 |in64; x64) Apple|
|00000140| 57 65 62 4b 69 74 2f 35 33 37 2e 33 36 20 28 4b |WebKit/537.36 (K|
|00000150| 48 54 4d 4c 2c 20 6c 69 6b 65 20 47 65 63 6b 6f |HTML, like Gecko|
|00000160| 29 20 43 68 72 6f 6d 65 2f 31 30 31 2e 30 2e 34 |) Chrome/101.0.4|
|00000170| 39 35 31 2e 36 34 20 53 61 66 61 72 69 2f 35 33 |951.64 Safari/53|
|00000180| 37 2e 33 36 20 45 64 67 2f 31 30 31 2e 30 2e 31 |7.36 Edg/101.0.1|
|00000190| 32 31 30 2e 35 33 0d 0a 41 63 63 65 70 74 3a 20 |210.53..Accept: |
|000001a0| 74 65 78 74 2f 68 74 6d 6c 2c 61 70 70 6c 69 63 |text/html,applic|
|000001b0| 61 74 69 6f 6e 2f 78 68 74 6d 6c 2b 78 6d 6c 2c |ation/xhtml+xml,|
|000001c0| 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 2f 78 6d 6c 3b |application/xml;|
|000001d0| 71 3d 30 2e 39 2c 69 6d 61 67 65 2f 77 65 62 70 |q=0.9,image/webp|
|000001e0| 2c 69 6d 61 67 65 2f 61 70 6e 67 2c 2a 2f 2a 3b |,image/apng,*/*;|
|000001f0| 71 3d 30 2e 38 2c 61 70 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 6f |q=0.8,applicatio|
|00000200| 6e 2f 73 69 67 6e 65 64 2d 65 78 63 68 61 6e 67 |n/signed-exchang|
|00000210| 65 3b 76 3d 62 33 3b 71 3d 30 2e 39 0d 0a 53 65 |e;v=b3;q=0.9..Se|
|00000220| 63 2d 46 65 74 63 68 2d 53 69 74 65 3a 20 6e 6f |c-Fetch-Site: no|
|00000230| 6e 65 0d 0a 53 65 63 2d 46 65 74 63 68 2d 4d 6f |ne..Sec-Fetch-Mo|
|00000240| 64 65 3a 20 6e 61 76 69 67 61 74 65 0d 0a 53 65 |de: navigate..Se|
|00000250| 63 2d 46 65 74 63 68 2d 55 73 65 72 3a 20 3f 31 |c-Fetch-User: ?1|
|00000260| 0d 0a 53 65 63 2d 46 65 74 63 68 2d 44 65 73 74 |..Sec-Fetch-Dest|
|00000270| 3a 20 64 6f 63 75 6d 65 6e 74 0d 0a 41 63 63 65 |: document..Acce|
|00000280| 70 74 2d 45 6e 63 6f 64 69 6e 67 3a 20 67 7a 69 |pt-Encoding: gzi|
|00000290| 70 2c 20 64 65 66 6c 61 74 65 2c 20 62 72 0d 0a |p, deflate, br..|
|000002a0| 41 63 63 65 70 74 2d 4c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 3a |Accept-Language:|
|000002b0| 20 7a 68 2d 43 4e 2c 7a 68 3b 71 3d 30 2e 39 2c | zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,|
|000002c0| 65 6e 3b 71 3d 30 2e 38 2c 65 6e 2d 47 42 3b 71 |en;q=0.8,en-GB;q|
|000002d0| 3d 30 2e 37 2c 65 6e 2d 55 53 3b 71 3d 30 2e 36 |=0.7,en-US;q=0.6|
|000002e0| 0d 0a 43 6f 6f 6b 69 65 3a 20 49 64 65 61 2d 38 |..Cookie: Idea-8|
|000002f0| 32 39 36 65 37 36 66 3d 30 65 32 36 31 32 38 38 |296e76f=0e261288|
|00000300| 2d 35 37 64 36 2d 34 31 38 34 2d 39 62 30 33 2d |-57d6-4184-9b03-|
|00000310| 62 35 62 33 36 34 61 39 39 37 62 32 3b 20 74 73 |b5b364a997b2; ts|
|00000320| 5f 75 69 64 3d 32 33 38 35 30 37 34 33 39 34 0d |_uid=2385074394.|
|00000330| 0a 0d 0a |... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
18:29:22 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.a.c2.TestHttp - /index.html
18:29:22 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x15ce0684, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12379] WRITE: 61B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 48 54 54 50 2f 31 2e 31 20 32 30 30 20 4f 4b 0d |HTTP/1.1 200 OK.|
|00000010| 0a 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 2d 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 3a |.content-length:|
|00000020| 20 32 32 0d 0a 0d 0a 3c 68 31 3e 48 65 6c 6c 6f | 22....<h1>Hello|
|00000030| 2c 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 3c 2f 68 31 3e |, world!</h1> |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
18:29:22 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x15ce0684, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12379] FLUSH
18:29:22 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x15ce0684, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12379] READ COMPLETE
18:29:23 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x15ce0684, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12379] READ: 719B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 47 45 54 20 2f 66 61 76 69 63 6f 6e 2e 69 63 6f |GET /favicon.ico|
|00000010| 20 48 54 54 50 2f 31 2e 31 0d 0a 48 6f 73 74 3a | HTTP/1.1..Host:|
|00000020| 20 6c 6f 63 61 6c 68 6f 73 74 3a 38 30 38 30 0d | localhost:8080.|
|00000030| 0a 43 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 6b 65 65 |.Connection: kee|
|00000040| 70 2d 61 6c 69 76 65 0d 0a 73 65 63 2d 63 68 2d |p-alive..sec-ch-|
|00000050| 75 61 3a 20 22 20 4e 6f 74 20 41 3b 42 72 61 6e |ua: " Not A;Bran|
|00000060| 64 22 3b 76 3d 22 39 39 22 2c 20 22 43 68 72 6f |d";v="99", "Chro|
|00000070| 6d 69 75 6d 22 3b 76 3d 22 31 30 31 22 2c 20 22 |mium";v="101", "|
|00000080| 4d 69 63 72 6f 73 6f 66 74 20 45 64 67 65 22 3b |Microsoft Edge";|
|00000090| 76 3d 22 31 30 31 22 0d 0a 73 65 63 2d 63 68 2d |v="101"..sec-ch-|
|000000a0| 75 61 2d 6d 6f 62 69 6c 65 3a 20 3f 30 0d 0a 55 |ua-mobile: ?0..U|
|000000b0| 73 65 72 2d 41 67 65 6e 74 3a 20 4d 6f 7a 69 6c |ser-Agent: Mozil|
|000000c0| 6c 61 2f 35 2e 30 20 28 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 20 |la/5.0 (Windows |
|000000d0| 4e 54 20 31 30 2e 30 3b 20 57 69 6e 36 34 3b 20 |NT 10.0; Win64; |
|000000e0| 78 36 34 29 20 41 70 70 6c 65 57 65 62 4b 69 74 |x64) AppleWebKit|
|000000f0| 2f 35 33 37 2e 33 36 20 28 4b 48 54 4d 4c 2c 20 |/537.36 (KHTML, |
|00000100| 6c 69 6b 65 20 47 65 63 6b 6f 29 20 43 68 72 6f |like Gecko) Chro|
|00000110| 6d 65 2f 31 30 31 2e 30 2e 34 39 35 31 2e 36 34 |me/101.0.4951.64|
|00000120| 20 53 61 66 61 72 69 2f 35 33 37 2e 33 36 20 45 | Safari/537.36 E|
|00000130| 64 67 2f 31 30 31 2e 30 2e 31 32 31 30 2e 35 33 |dg/101.0.1210.53|
|00000140| 0d 0a 73 65 63 2d 63 68 2d 75 61 2d 70 6c 61 74 |..sec-ch-ua-plat|
|00000150| 66 6f 72 6d 3a 20 22 57 69 6e 64 6f 77 73 22 0d |form: "Windows".|
|00000160| 0a 41 63 63 65 70 74 3a 20 69 6d 61 67 65 2f 77 |.Accept: image/w|
|00000170| 65 62 70 2c 69 6d 61 67 65 2f 61 70 6e 67 2c 69 |ebp,image/apng,i|
|00000180| 6d 61 67 65 2f 73 76 67 2b 78 6d 6c 2c 69 6d 61 |mage/svg+xml,ima|
|00000190| 67 65 2f 2a 2c 2a 2f 2a 3b 71 3d 30 2e 38 0d 0a |ge/*,*/*;q=0.8..|
|000001a0| 53 65 63 2d 46 65 74 63 68 2d 53 69 74 65 3a 20 |Sec-Fetch-Site: |
|000001b0| 73 61 6d 65 2d 6f 72 69 67 69 6e 0d 0a 53 65 63 |same-origin..Sec|
|000001c0| 2d 46 65 74 63 68 2d 4d 6f 64 65 3a 20 6e 6f 2d |-Fetch-Mode: no-|
|000001d0| 63 6f 72 73 0d 0a 53 65 63 2d 46 65 74 63 68 2d |cors..Sec-Fetch-|
|000001e0| 44 65 73 74 3a 20 69 6d 61 67 65 0d 0a 52 65 66 |Dest: image..Ref|
|000001f0| 65 72 65 72 3a 20 68 74 74 70 3a 2f 2f 6c 6f 63 |erer: http://loc|
|00000200| 61 6c 68 6f 73 74 3a 38 30 38 30 2f 69 6e 64 65 |alhost:8080/inde|
|00000210| 78 2e 68 74 6d 6c 0d 0a 41 63 63 65 70 74 2d 45 |x.html..Accept-E|
|00000220| 6e 63 6f 64 69 6e 67 3a 20 67 7a 69 70 2c 20 64 |ncoding: gzip, d|
|00000230| 65 66 6c 61 74 65 2c 20 62 72 0d 0a 41 63 63 65 |eflate, br..Acce|
|00000240| 70 74 2d 4c 61 6e 67 75 61 67 65 3a 20 7a 68 2d |pt-Language: zh-|
|00000250| 43 4e 2c 7a 68 3b 71 3d 30 2e 39 2c 65 6e 3b 71 |CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q|
|00000260| 3d 30 2e 38 2c 65 6e 2d 47 42 3b 71 3d 30 2e 37 |=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7|
|00000270| 2c 65 6e 2d 55 53 3b 71 3d 30 2e 36 0d 0a 43 6f |,en-US;q=0.6..Co|
|00000280| 6f 6b 69 65 3a 20 49 64 65 61 2d 38 32 39 36 65 |okie: Idea-8296e|
|00000290| 37 36 66 3d 30 65 32 36 31 32 38 38 2d 35 37 64 |76f=0e261288-57d|
|000002a0| 36 2d 34 31 38 34 2d 39 62 30 33 2d 62 35 62 33 |6-4184-9b03-b5b3|
|000002b0| 36 34 61 39 39 37 62 32 3b 20 74 73 5f 75 69 64 |64a997b2; ts_uid|
|000002c0| 3d 32 33 38 35 30 37 34 33 39 34 0d 0a 0d 0a |=2385074394.... |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
18:29:23 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] c.i.a.c2.TestHttp - /favicon.ico
18:29:23 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x15ce0684, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12379] WRITE: 61B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 48 54 54 50 2f 31 2e 31 20 32 30 30 20 4f 4b 0d |HTTP/1.1 200 OK.|
|00000010| 0a 63 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 2d 6c 65 6e 67 74 68 3a |.content-length:|
|00000020| 20 32 32 0d 0a 0d 0a 3c 68 31 3e 48 65 6c 6c 6f | 22....<h1>Hello|
|00000030| 2c 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 21 3c 2f 68 31 3e |, world!</h1> |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
18:29:23 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x15ce0684, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12379] FLUSH
18:29:23 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-1] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0x15ce0684, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12379] READ COMPLETE
18:31:17 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xee6a6692, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 - R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12380] READ COMPLETE
18:31:17 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xee6a6692, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 ! R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12380] INACTIVE
18:31:17 [DEBUG] [nioEventLoopGroup-3-2] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xee6a6692, L:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:8080 ! R:/0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1:12380] UNREGISTERED
2.4 自定义协议要素
- 魔数，用来在第一时间判定是否是无效数据包
- 版本号，可以支持协议的升级
- 序列化算法，消息正文到底采用哪种序列化反序列化方式，可以由此扩展，例如：json、protobuf、hessian、jdk
- 指令类型，是登录、注册、单聊、群聊… 跟业务相关
- 请求序号，为了双工通信，提供异步能力
- 正文长度
- 消息正文（JSON，xml，对象流二进制格式）叫做序列化
编解码器
根据上面的要素，设计一个登录请求消息和登录响应消息，并使用 Netty 完成收发
@Slf4j
public class MessageCodec extends ByteToMessageCodec<Message> { // Message 指定了之后ByteBuf转换的消息类型
@Override // encode 指的是将 message 编码成 ByteBuf
protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Message msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception {
// 1. 4 字节的魔数
out.writeBytes(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4});
// 2. 1 字节的版本,
out.writeByte(1);
// 3. 1 字节的序列化方式 jdk=>0 , json=>1
out.writeByte(0);
// 4. 1 字节的指令类型
out.writeByte(msg.getMessageType());
// 5. 4 个字节，序列化版本号
out.writeInt(msg.getSequenceId());
// 无意义，对齐填充，使得固定的长度为16字节
out.writeByte(0xff);
// 6. 获取内容的字节数组
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos); // 将对象转换为二进制的字节数组
oos.writeObject(msg); // 将消息写入对象输出流
byte[] bytes = bos.toByteArray();
// 7. 长度 4 字节的长度
out.writeInt(bytes.length);
// 8. 写入内容
out.writeBytes(bytes);
}
@Override // decode 指的是将 ByteBuf 解码成 message
protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
int magicNum = in.readInt(); // read 让读指针向后走
byte version = in.readByte();
byte serializerType = in.readByte();
byte messageType = in.readByte();
int sequenceId = in.readInt();
in.readByte(); // 跳过无意义的填充字节
int length = in.readInt();
byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
in.readBytes(bytes, 0, length);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes)); // 默认采用的是JDK的序列化
Message message = (Message) ois.readObject();
log.debug("{}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}", magicNum, version, serializerType, messageType, sequenceId, length);
log.debug("{}", message);
out.add(message); // 解析出来的消息给到 list 集合
}
}
测试
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(
new LoggingHandler(),
new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(
1024, 12, 4, 0, 0), // 长度字段帧解码器，解决粘包半包问题
new MessageCodec()
);
// encode
LoginRequestMessage message = new LoginRequestMessage("zhangsan", "123", "张三");
// channel.writeOutbound(message);
// decode
ByteBuf buf = ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.buffer();
new MessageCodec().encode(null, message, buf);
ByteBuf s1 = buf.slice(0, 100); // 切片演示半包现象，切前面部分
ByteBuf s2 = buf.slice(100, buf.readableBytes() - 100); // 切剩余部分
s1.retain(); // 引用计数 2
channel.writeInbound(s1); // release 1
channel.writeInbound(s2);
解读
我的测试代码：
import cn.itcast.message.LoginRequestMessage;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
import io.netty.channel.embedded.EmbeddedChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.logging.LoggingHandler;
/**
* @Author: ZhangLu In DLUT
* @since: 1.0.0
* @Description:
*/
public class TestMyMessageCodec {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
EmbeddedChannel channel = new EmbeddedChannel(
new LoggingHandler(),
new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(1024, 12, 4, 0, 0), // 长度字段帧解码器，解决粘包半包问题
new MessageCodec());
// encode
LoginRequestMessage message = new LoginRequestMessage("zhangsan", "123456");
// 入站
// channel.writeOutbound(message);
// decode
ByteBuf buf = ByteBufAllocator.DEFAULT.buffer();
new MessageCodec().encode(null, message, buf);
//
ByteBuf buf1 = buf.slice(0, 100);
ByteBuf buf2 = buf.slice(100, buf.readableBytes() - 100);
// 出站
// 调用 ByteBuf 的 release 方法来释放 内存，将引用计数减为0，slice 是零拷贝，buf1 和 buf2 以及 buf 用的是同一个物理内存，释放掉了，就无法使用
// 零拷贝在调用 writeInbound 之前，先 retain 一下，让引用计数加一
buf.retain(); // 引用计数加一，为 2
channel.writeInbound(buf1);
channel.writeInbound(buf2);
}
}
结果展示：
09:58:27 [DEBUG] [main] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] REGISTERED
09:58:27 [DEBUG] [main] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] ACTIVE
09:58:27 [DEBUG] [main] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ: 100B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 01 02 03 04 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 00 00 00 c9 |................|
|00000010| ac ed 00 05 73 72 00 25 63 6e 2e 69 74 63 61 73 |....sr.%cn.itcas|
|00000020| 74 2e 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 2e 4c 6f 67 69 6e 52 |t.message.LoginR|
|00000030| 65 71 75 65 73 74 4d 65 73 73 61 67 65 a0 3f 71 |equestMessage.?q|
|00000040| cb 31 45 b5 88 02 00 02 4c 00 08 70 61 73 73 77 |.1E.....L..passw|
|00000050| 6f 72 64 74 00 12 4c 6a 61 76 61 2f 6c 61 6e 67 |ordt..Ljava/lang|
|00000060| 2f 53 74 72 |/Str |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
09:58:27 [DEBUG] [main] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ COMPLETE
09:58:27 [DEBUG] [main] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ: 117B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 69 6e 67 3b 4c 00 08 75 73 65 72 6e 61 6d 65 71 |ing;L..usernameq|
|00000010| 00 7e 00 01 78 72 00 19 63 6e 2e 69 74 63 61 73 |.~..xr..cn.itcas|
|00000020| 74 2e 6d 65 73 73 61 67 65 2e 4d 65 73 73 61 67 |t.message.Messag|
|00000030| 65 3d dd 19 a0 bc 07 47 cb 02 00 02 49 00 0b 6d |e=.....G....I..m|
|00000040| 65 73 73 61 67 65 54 79 70 65 49 00 0a 73 65 71 |essageTypeI..seq|
|00000050| 75 65 6e 63 65 49 64 78 70 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |uenceIdxp.......|
|00000060| 00 74 00 06 31 32 33 34 35 36 74 00 08 7a 68 61 |.t..123456t..zha|
|00000070| 6e 67 73 61 6e |ngsan |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
09:58:27 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.p.MessageCodec - 16909060, 1, 0, 0, 0, 201
09:58:27 [DEBUG] [main] c.i.p.MessageCodec - LoginRequestMessage(super=Message(sequenceId=0, messageType=0), username=zhangsan, password=123456)
09:58:27 [DEBUG] [main] i.n.h.l.LoggingHandler - [id: 0xembedded, L:embedded - R:embedded] READ COMPLETE
Process finished with exit code 0
💡 什么时候可以加 @Sharable
- 当 handler 不保存状态时，就可以安全地在多线程下被共享，如
new LoggingHandler()
- 但要注意对于编解码器类，不能继承
ByteToMessageCodec或CombinedChannelDuplexHandler父类，他们的构造方法对 @Sharable 有限制，不能共享
- 如果能确保编解码器不会保存状态，可以继承
MessageToMessageCodec父类，如下：
@Slf4j
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
/**
* 必须和 LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder 一起使用，确保接到的 ByteBuf 消息是完整的
* 所以自己写的编解码器是没有记录上次信息的，无状态，没有拼接，粘包半包问题
*/
public class MessageCodecSharable extends MessageToMessageCodec<ByteBuf, Message> {
@Override
protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Message msg, List<Object> outList) throws Exception {
ByteBuf out = ctx.alloc().buffer();
// 1. 4 字节的魔数
out.writeBytes(new byte[]{1, 2, 3, 4});
// 2. 1 字节的版本,
out.writeByte(1);
// 3. 1 字节的序列化方式 jdk 0 , json 1
out.writeByte(0);
// 4. 1 字节的指令类型
out.writeByte(msg.getMessageType());
// 5. 4 个字节
out.writeInt(msg.getSequenceId());
// 无意义，对齐填充
out.writeByte(0xff);
// 6. 获取内容的字节数组
ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
oos.writeObject(msg);
byte[] bytes = bos.toByteArray();
// 7. 长度
out.writeInt(bytes.length);
// 8. 写入内容
out.writeBytes(bytes);
outList.add(out);
}
@Override
protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
int magicNum = in.readInt();
byte version = in.readByte();
byte serializerType = in.readByte();
byte messageType = in.readByte();
int sequenceId = in.readInt();
in.readByte();
int length = in.readInt();
byte[] bytes = new byte[length];
in.readBytes(bytes, 0, length);
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
Message message = (Message) ois.readObject();
log.debug("{}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}", magicNum, version, serializerType, messageType, sequenceId, length);
log.debug("{}", message);
out.add(message);
}
}
3. 聊天室案例
3.1 聊天室业务介绍
/**
* 用户管理接口
*/
public interface UserService {
/**
* 登录
* @param username 用户名
* @param password 密码
* @return 登录成功返回 true, 否则返回 false
*/
boolean login(String username, String password);
}
简单实现，信息存在内存中：
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
public class UserServiceMemoryImpl implements UserService {
private Map<String, String> allUserMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
{
allUserMap.put("zhangsan", "123");
allUserMap.put("lisi", "123");
allUserMap.put("wangwu", "123");
allUserMap.put("zhaoliu", "123");
allUserMap.put("qianqi", "123");
}
@Override
public boolean login(String username, String password) {
String pass = allUserMap.get(username);
if (pass == null) {
return false;
}
return pass.equals(password);
}
}
/**
* 会话管理接口（记录用户的状态）
*/
public interface Session {
/**
* 绑定会话，记录用户姓名和连接上来的 channel
* @param channel 哪个 channel 要绑定会话
* @param username 会话绑定用户
*/
void bind(Channel channel, String username);
/**
* 解绑会话
* @param channel 哪个 channel 要解绑会话
*/
void unbind(Channel channel);
/**
* 获取属性
* @param channel 哪个 channel
* @param name 属性名
* @return 属性值
*/
Object getAttribute(Channel channel, String name);
/**
* 设置属性
* @param channel 哪个 channel
* @param name 属性名
* @param value 属性值
*/
void setAttribute(Channel channel, String name, Object value);
/**
* 根据用户名获取 channel（给某个用户名发消息，先要找到用户对应的 channel s）
* @param username 用户名
* @return channel
*/
Channel getChannel(String username);
}
简单实现：
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
public class SessionMemoryImpl implements Session {
private final Map<String, Channel> usernameChannelMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); // 记录用户名和 channel 的对应关系
private final Map<Channel, String> channelUsernameMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); // 反向查询
private final Map<Channel,Map<String,Object>> channelAttributesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
@Override
public void bind(Channel channel, String username) {
usernameChannelMap.put(username, channel);
channelUsernameMap.put(channel, username);
channelAttributesMap.put(channel, new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
}
@Override
public void unbind(Channel channel) {
String username = channelUsernameMap.remove(channel);
usernameChannelMap.remove(username);
channelAttributesMap.remove(channel);
}
@Override
public Object getAttribute(Channel channel, String name) {
return channelAttributesMap.get(channel).get(name);
}
@Override
public void setAttribute(Channel channel, String name, Object value) {
channelAttributesMap.get(channel).put(name, value);
}
@Override
public Channel getChannel(String username) {
return usernameChannelMap.get(username);
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return usernameChannelMap.toString();
}
}
/**
* 聊天组会话管理接口
*/
public interface GroupSession {
/**
* 创建一个聊天组, 如果不存在才能创建成功, 否则返回 null
* @param name 组名
* @param members 成员
* @return 成功时返回组对象, 失败返回 null
*/
Group createGroup(String name, Set<String> members);
/**
* 加入聊天组
* @param name 组名
* @param member 成员名
* @return 如果组不存在返回 null, 否则返回组对象
*/
Group joinMember(String name, String member);
/**
* 移除组成员
* @param name 组名
* @param member 成员名
* @return 如果组不存在返回 null, 否则返回组对象
*/
Group removeMember(String name, String member);
/**
* 移除聊天组
* @param name 组名
* @return 如果组不存在返回 null, 否则返回组对象
*/
Group removeGroup(String name);
/**
* 获取组成员
* @param name 组名
* @return 成员集合, 没有成员会返回 empty set
*/
Set<String> getMembers(String name);
/**
* 获取组成员的 channel 集合, 只有在线的 channel 才会返回
* @param name 组名
* @return 成员 channel 集合
*/
List<Channel> getMembersChannel(String name);
}
idea技巧，改造Handler
idea中的快捷键 Ctrl+alt+m 为抽取一个方法，Ctrl+alt+v 为抽取一个变量
3.2 聊天室业务-登录
@Slf4j
public class ChatServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
NioEventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
LoggingHandler LOGGING_HANDLER = new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG);
MessageCodecSharable MESSAGE_CODEC = new MessageCodecSharable();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
serverBootstrap.group(boss, worker);
serverBootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ProcotolFrameDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(LOGGING_HANDLER);
ch.pipeline().addLast(MESSAGE_CODEC);
ch.pipeline().addLast(new SimpleChannelInboundHandler<LoginRequestMessage>() {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, LoginRequestMessage msg) throws Exception {
String username = msg.getUsername();
String password = msg.getPassword();
boolean login = UserServiceFactory.getUserService().login(username, password);
LoginResponseMessage message;
if(login) {
message = new LoginResponseMessage(true, "登录成功");
} else {
message = new LoginResponseMessage(false, "用户名或密码不正确");
}
ctx.writeAndFlush(message);
}
});
}
});
Channel channel = serverBootstrap.bind(8080).sync().channel();
channel.closeFuture().sync();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
log.error("server error", e);
} finally {
boss.shutdownGracefully();
worker.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
@Slf4j
public class ChatClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
LoggingHandler LOGGING_HANDLER = new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.DEBUG);
MessageCodecSharable MESSAGE_CODEC = new MessageCodecSharable();
CountDownLatch WAIT_FOR_LOGIN = new CountDownLatch(1);
AtomicBoolean LOGIN = new AtomicBoolean(false);
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
bootstrap.group(group);
bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ProcotolFrameDecoder());
// ch.pipeline().addLast(LOGGING_HANDLER);
ch.pipeline().addLast(MESSAGE_CODEC);
ch.pipeline().addLast("client handler", new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
// 接收响应消息
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
log.debug("msg: {}", msg);
if ((msg instanceof LoginResponseMessage)) {
LoginResponseMessage response = (LoginResponseMessage) msg;
if (response.isSuccess()) {
// 如果登录成功
LOGIN.set(true);
}
// 唤醒 system in 线程
WAIT_FOR_LOGIN.countDown();
}
}
// 在连接建立后触发 active 事件
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
// 负责接收用户在控制台的输入，负责向服务器发送各种消息
new Thread(() -> {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("请输入用户名:");
String username = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入密码:");
String password = scanner.nextLine();
// 构造消息对象
LoginRequestMessage message = new LoginRequestMessage(username, password);
// 发送消息
ctx.writeAndFlush(message);
System.out.println("等待后续操作...");
try {
WAIT_FOR_LOGIN.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 如果登录失败
if (!LOGIN.get()) {
ctx.channel().close();
return;
}
while (true) {
System.out.println("==================================");
System.out.println("send [username] [content]");
System.out.println("gsend [group name] [content]");
System.out.println("gcreate [group name] [m1,m2,m3...]");
System.out.println("gmembers [group name]");
System.out.println("gjoin [group name]");
System.out.println("gquit [group name]");
System.out.println("quit");
System.out.println("==================================");
String command = scanner.nextLine();
String[] s = command.split(" ");
switch (s[0]){
case "send":
ctx.writeAndFlush(new ChatRequestMessage(username, s[1], s[2]));
break;
case "gsend":
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupChatRequestMessage(username, s[1], s[2]));
break;
case "gcreate":
Set<String> set = new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(s[2].split(",")));
set.add(username); // 加入自己
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupCreateRequestMessage(s[1], set));
break;
case "gmembers":
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupMembersRequestMessage(s[1]));
break;
case "gjoin":
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupJoinRequestMessage(username, s[1]));
break;
case "gquit":
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupQuitRequestMessage(username, s[1]));
break;
case "quit":
ctx.channel().close();
return;
}
}
}, "system in").start();
}
});
}
});
Channel channel = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 8080).sync().channel();
channel.closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("client error", e);
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}
3.3 聊天室业务-单聊
服务器端将 handler 独立出来
登录 handler
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class LoginRequestMessageHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<LoginRequestMessage> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, LoginRequestMessage msg) throws Exception {
String username = msg.getUsername();
String password = msg.getPassword();
boolean login = UserServiceFactory.getUserService().login(username, password);
LoginResponseMessage message;
if(login) {
SessionFactory.getSession().bind(ctx.channel(), username);
message = new LoginResponseMessage(true, "登录成功");
} else {
message = new LoginResponseMessage(false, "用户名或密码不正确");
}
ctx.writeAndFlush(message);
}
}
单聊 handler
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class ChatRequestMessageHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<ChatRequestMessage> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChatRequestMessage msg) throws Exception {
String to = msg.getTo();
Channel channel = SessionFactory.getSession().getChannel(to);
// 在线
if(channel != null) {
channel.writeAndFlush(new ChatResponseMessage(msg.getFrom(), msg.getContent()));
}
// 不在线
else {
ctx.writeAndFlush(new ChatResponseMessage(false, "对方用户不存在或者不在线"));
}
}
}
3.4 聊天室业务-群聊
创建群聊
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class GroupCreateRequestMessageHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<GroupCreateRequestMessage> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, GroupCreateRequestMessage msg) throws Exception {
String groupName = msg.getGroupName();
Set<String> members = msg.getMembers();
// 群管理器
GroupSession groupSession = GroupSessionFactory.getGroupSession();
Group group = groupSession.createGroup(groupName, members);
if (group == null) {
// 发生成功消息
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupCreateResponseMessage(true, groupName + "创建成功"));
// 发送拉群消息
List<Channel> channels = groupSession.getMembersChannel(groupName);
for (Channel channel : channels) {
channel.writeAndFlush(new GroupCreateResponseMessage(true, "您已被拉入" + groupName));
}
} else {
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupCreateResponseMessage(false, groupName + "已经存在"));
}
}
}
群聊
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class GroupChatRequestMessageHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<GroupChatRequestMessage> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, GroupChatRequestMessage msg) throws Exception {
List<Channel> channels = GroupSessionFactory.getGroupSession()
.getMembersChannel(msg.getGroupName());
for (Channel channel : channels) {
channel.writeAndFlush(new GroupChatResponseMessage(msg.getFrom(), msg.getContent()));
}
}
}
加入群聊
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class GroupJoinRequestMessageHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<GroupJoinRequestMessage> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, GroupJoinRequestMessage msg) throws Exception {
Group group = GroupSessionFactory.getGroupSession().joinMember(msg.getGroupName(), msg.getUsername());
if (group != null) {
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupJoinResponseMessage(true, msg.getGroupName() + "群加入成功"));
} else {
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupJoinResponseMessage(true, msg.getGroupName() + "群不存在"));
}
}
}
退出群聊
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class GroupQuitRequestMessageHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<GroupQuitRequestMessage> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, GroupQuitRequestMessage msg) throws Exception {
Group group = GroupSessionFactory.getGroupSession().removeMember(msg.getGroupName(), msg.getUsername());
if (group != null) {
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupJoinResponseMessage(true, "已退出群" + msg.getGroupName()));
} else {
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupJoinResponseMessage(true, msg.getGroupName() + "群不存在"));
}
}
}
查看成员
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class GroupMembersRequestMessageHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<GroupMembersRequestMessage> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, GroupMembersRequestMessage msg) throws Exception {
Set<String> members = GroupSessionFactory.getGroupSession()
.getMembers(msg.getGroupName());
ctx.writeAndFlush(new GroupMembersResponseMessage(members));
}
}
其实不是很复杂 咱们简单点理解，所有的通信都是使用channel，发送消息也就是要如何获取到对方的channel，然后通过它发送
3.5 聊天室业务-退出
@Slf4j
@ChannelHandler.Sharable
public class QuitHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
// 当连接断开时触发 inactive 事件
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
SessionFactory.getSession().unbind(ctx.channel());
log.debug("{} 已经断开", ctx.channel());
}
// 当出现异常时触发
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
SessionFactory.getSession().unbind(ctx.channel());
log.debug("{} 已经异常断开 异常是{}", ctx.channel(), cause.getMessage());
}
}
3.6 聊天室业务-空闲检测
连接假死
原因
- 网络设备出现故障，例如网卡，机房等，底层的 TCP 连接已经断开了，但应用程序没有感知到，仍然占用着资源。
- 公网网络不稳定，出现丢包。如果连续出现丢包，这时现象就是客户端数据发不出去，服务端也一直收不到数据，就这么一直耗着
- 应用程序线程阻塞，无法进行数据读写
问题
- 假死的连接占用的资源不能自动释放
- 向假死的连接发送数据，得到的反馈是发送超时
服务器端解决
- 怎么判断客户端连接是否假死呢？如果能收到客户端数据，说明没有假死。因此策略就可以定为，每隔一段时间就检查这段时间内是否接收到客户端数据，没有就可以判定为连接假死
// 用来判断是不是 读空闲时间过长，或 写空闲时间过长
// 5s 内如果没有收到 channel 的数据，会触发一个 IdleState#READER_IDLE 事件
ch.pipeline().addLast(new IdleStateHandler(5, 0, 0));
// ChannelDuplexHandler 可以同时作为入站和出站处理器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelDuplexHandler() {
// 用来触发特殊事件
@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception{
IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt;
// 触发了读空闲事件
if (event.state() == IdleState.READER_IDLE) {
log.debug("已经 5s 没有读到数据了");
ctx.channel().close();
}
}
});
客户端定时心跳
- 客户端可以定时向服务器端发送数据，只要这个时间间隔小于服务器定义的空闲检测的时间间隔，那么就能防止前面提到的误判，客户端可以定义如下心跳处理器
// 用来判断是不是 读空闲时间过长，或 写空闲时间过长
// 3s 内如果没有向服务器写数据，会触发一个 IdleState#WRITER_IDLE 事件
ch.pipeline().addLast(new IdleStateHandler(0, 3, 0));
// ChannelDuplexHandler 可以同时作为入站和出站处理器
ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelDuplexHandler() {
// 用来触发特殊事件
@Override
public void userEventTriggered(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object evt) throws Exception{
IdleStateEvent event = (IdleStateEvent) evt;
// 触发了写空闲事件
if (event.state() == IdleState.WRITER_IDLE) {
// log.debug("3s 没有写数据了，发送一个心跳包");
ctx.writeAndFlush(new PingMessage());
}
}
});
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