D. Print a 1337-string…
题目链接: https://codeforces.com/contest/1202/problem/D
Problem Description
The subsequence is a sequence that can be derived from another sequence by deleting some elements without changing the order of the remaining elements.
You are given an integer n n n.
You have to find a sequence s s s consisting of digits { 1 , 3 , 7 } \{1,3,7\} {1,3,7} such that it has exactly n n n subsequences equal to 1337 1337 1337.
For example, sequence 337133377 337133377 337133377 has 6 6 6 subsequences equal to 1337 1337 1337:
- 1. 337 1 ‾ 3 3 ‾ 3 ‾ 7 7 ‾ 1.\ 337\underline{1}3\underline{3}\underline{3}7\underline{7} 1. 337133377 (you can remove the second and fifth characters);
- 2. 337 1 ‾ 3 ‾ 3 3 ‾ 7 7 ‾ 2.\ 337\underline{1}\underline{3}3\underline{3}7\underline{7} 2. 337133377 (you can remove the third and fifth characters);
- 3. 337 1 ‾ 3 ‾ 3 ‾ 37 7 ‾ 3.\ 337\underline{1}\underline{3}\underline{3}37\underline{7} 3. 337133377 (you can remove the fourth and fifth characters);
- 4. 337 1 ‾ 3 3 ‾ 3 ‾ 7 ‾ 7 4.\ 337\underline{1}3\underline{3}\underline{3}\underline{7}7 4. 337133377 (you can remove the second and sixth characters);
- 5. 337 1 ‾ 3 ‾ 3 3 ‾ 7 ‾ 7 5.\ 337\underline{1}\underline{3}3\underline{3}\underline{7}7 5. 337133377 (you can remove the third and sixth characters);
- 6. 337 1 ‾ 3 ‾ 3 ‾ 3 7 ‾ 7 6.\ 337\underline{1}\underline{3}\underline{3}3\underline{7}7 6. 337133377 (you can remove the fourth and sixth characters).
Input
The first line contains one integer t ( 1 ≤ t ≤ 10 ) t (1≤t≤10) t(1≤t≤10) — the number of queries.
Next t t t lines contains a description of queries: the i i i-th line contains one integer n i ( 1 ≤ n i ≤ 1 0 9 ) . n_i (1≤n_i≤10^9). ni(1≤ni≤109).Output
For the i i i-th query print one string s i ( 1 ≤ ∣ s i ∣ ≤ 1 0 5 ) s_i (1≤|s_i|≤10^5) si(1≤∣si∣≤105) consisting of digits { 1 , 3 , 7 } . \{1,3,7\}. {1,3,7}. String s i s_i si must have exactly n i n_i ni subsequences 1337 1337 1337. If there are multiple such strings, print any of them.
Sample Input
2
6
1Sample Output
113337
1337
题意
有 t t t次询问,每次询问给定一个 n i n_i ni.
要求构造一个只包含 1 , 3 , 7 1,3,7 1,3,7的字符串 s i ( 1 ≤ ∣ s i ∣ ≤ 1 0 5 ) s_i(1≤|s_i|≤10^5) si(1≤∣si∣≤105),要使得 s i s_i si中有 n i n_i ni个 1337 1337 1337的子序列.
思路
因为对构造的字符串 s i s_i si的长度有限制,所以考虑尽量的多放一些 3 3 3来缩短所构造出的字符串。
先预处理出 C i 2 C_i^2 Ci2的值, i i i从 2 2 2到 44721 44721 44721,因为 C 44722 2 C_{44722}^2 C447222就已经超过了 n i n_i ni的上限,就不用处理了。
接下来就在各个 3 3 3之间尝试能不能插 1 1 1来使得 1337 1337 1337子序列的个数更接近 n i n_i ni啦。
代码
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define pi acos(-1.0)
#define ll long long
#define ull unsigned long long
#define esp 1e-9
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
#define inff 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f
#define Pair pair<ll, ll>
#define It list<node>::iterator
using namespace std;
const ll N = 5e4+5, mod = 1e9+7;
ll t, n, arr[N], cnt[N];
int main(){
scanf("%lld", &t);
//预处理
for (ll i = 2; i <= 44721; i++){
arr[i] = i*(i-1)/2;
}
while (t--){
scanf("%lld", &n);
memset(cnt, 0, sizeof(cnt));
//寻找最多的3记录在m中
ll l = 2, r = 44721, m;
while (l <= r){
ll mid = (l+r)/2;
if (arr[mid] <= n){
m = mid; l = mid+1;
}
else{
r = mid-1;
}
}
cnt[m]++;//在第一位放一个1
n -= arr[m];//更新一下还差多少个子序列
while (n){
//在尽量靠前的位置插入1来快速缩小与n的差距
ll l = 2, r = 44721, idx;
while (l <= r){
ll mid = (l+r)/2;
if (arr[mid] <= n){
idx = mid; l = mid+1;
}
else{
r = mid-1;
}
}
cnt[idx]++;//记录插入位置
n -= arr[idx];//更新差距
}
//输出构造的字符串
for (ll i = 1; i <= m; i++){
while (cnt[m-i+1]){
putchar('1');
cnt[m-i+1]--;
}
putchar('3');
}
printf("7\n");
}
return 0;
}