1.原型链继承
function Parent () {
this.name = 'wuyongen';
this.sex = 'man'
}
Parent.prototype.getName = function () {
console.log(this.name);
}
function Child () {
}
Child.prototype = new Parent();
var child1 = new Child();
console.log(child1.getName()) //wuyongen
console.log(child1.sex)//man
优点:实现了子继承父
缺点:1.继承了过多没用的属性
2.引用类型的属性被所有实例共享
3.在创建 Child 的实例时,不能向Parent传参
function Parent () {
this.names = ['kevin', 'daisy'];
}
function Child () {
}
Child.prototype = new Parent();
var child1 = new Child();
child1.names.push('zhangfei');
console.log(child1.names); // ["kevin", "daisy", "zhangfei"]
var child2 = new Child();
console.log(child2.names); // ["kevin", "daisy", "zhangfei"]
2.借用构造函数(经典继承)
function Parent () {
this.names = ['kevin', 'daisy'];
}
function Child () {
Parent.call(this);
}
var child1 = new Child();
child1.names.push('zhangfei');
console.log(child1.names); // ["kevin", "daisy", "zhangfei"]
var child2 = new Child();
console.log(child2.names); // ["kevin", "daisy"]
优点:1.避免了引用类型的属性被所有实例共享
2.可以在 Child 中向 Parent 传参
缺点:1.不能借用构造函数的原型
2.每次构造都会多走一个函数
3.组合继承
function Parent (name) {
this.name = name;
this.colors = ['red', 'blue', 'green'];
}
Parent.prototype.getName = function () {
console.log(this.name)
}
function Child (name, age) {
Parent.call(this, name);//第二次
this.age = age;
}
Child.prototype = new Parent();//第一次
Child.prototype.constructor = Child;
var child1 = new Child('kevin', '18');
child1.colors.push('black');
console.log(child1.name); // kevin
console.log(child1.age); // 18
console.log(child1.colors); // ["red", "blue", "green", "black"]
var child2 = new Child('daisy', '20');
console.log(child2.name); // daisy
console.log(child2.age); // 20
console.log(child2.colors); // ["red", "blue", "green"]
优点:融合原型链继承和构造函数继承的优点,是js最常用的继承模式
缺点:无论在什么情况下,都会调用两次父集构造函数,上面代码中标明了哪两处和执行的顺序。
4.原型式继承
function createObj(o) { function F(){} F.prototype = o; return new F(); } var person = { name: 'kevin', friends: ['daisy', 'kelly'] } var person1 = createObj(person); var person2 = createObj(person); person1.name = 'person1'; console.log(person2.name); // kevin person1.firends.push('taylor'); console.log(person2.friends); // ["daisy", "kelly", "taylor"]
缺点和原型链继承一样
5.寄生式继承
创建一个仅用于封装继承过程的函数,该函数在内部以某种形式来做增强对象,最后返回对象
function createObj (o) {
var clone = Object.create(o);
clone.sayName = function () {
console.log('hi');
}
return clone;
}
缺点:跟借用构造函数模式一样,每次创建对象都会创建一遍方法。
6.寄生组合式继承
function object(o) {
function F() {}
F.prototype = o;
return new F();
}
function prototype(child, parent) {
var prototype = object(parent.prototype);
prototype.constructor = child;
child.prototype = prototype;
}
// 当我们使用的时候:
prototype(Child, Parent);
开发人员普遍认为寄生组合式继承是引用类型最理想的继承范式。