C++标准模板（STL）- 类型支持 （数值极限，is_specialized，is_signed，is_integer）

数值极限

定义于头文件 <limits>

定义于头文件 <limits>
template< class T > class numeric_limits;

numeric_limits 类模板提供查询各种算术类型属性的标准化方式（例如 int 类型的最大可能值是 std::numeric_limits<int>::max() ）。
 

鉴别 std::numeric_limits 是否为该类型特化

std::numeric_limits<T>::is_specialized

static const bool is_specialized;		(C++11 前)
static constexpr bool is_specialized;		(C++11 起)

 std::numeric_limits<T>::is_specialized 的值对所有存在 std::numeric_limits 特化的 T 为 true 。

标准特化

T	std::numeric_limits<T>::is_specialized 的值
/* non-specialized */	false
bool	true
char	true
signed char	true
unsigned char	true
wchar_t	true
char8_t	true
char16_t	true
char32_t	true
short	true
unsigned short	true
int	true
unsigned int	true
long	true
unsigned long	true
long long	true
unsigned long long	true
float	true
double	true
long double	true

调用示例

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits>

struct SName
{
};

//偏特化
struct SPartSpec
{
};

namespace std
{
template<>
struct numeric_limits<SPartSpec>
{
    static _GLIBCXX_USE_CONSTEXPR bool is_specialized = true;
    static _GLIBCXX_USE_CONSTEXPR bool is_signed = true;
};
}

int main()
{
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<bool>::is_specialized:            "
              << std::numeric_limits<bool>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<char>::is_specialized:            "
              << std::numeric_limits<char>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<signed char>::is_specialized:     "
              << std::numeric_limits<signed char>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::is_specialized:   "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<wchar_t>::is_specialized:         "
              << std::numeric_limits<wchar_t>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<char16_t>::is_specialized:        "
              << std::numeric_limits<char16_t>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<char32_t>::is_specialized:        "
              << std::numeric_limits<char32_t>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<short>::is_specialized:           "
              << std::numeric_limits<short>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::is_specialized:  "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<int>::is_specialized:             "
              << std::numeric_limits<int>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::is_specialized:    "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<long>::is_specialized:            "
              << std::numeric_limits<long>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::is_specialized:   "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<long long>::is_specialized:       "
              << std::numeric_limits<long long>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::is_specialized:"
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<float>::is_specialized:           "
              << std::numeric_limits<float>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<double>::is_specialized:          "
              << std::numeric_limits<double>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<long double>::is_specialized:     "
              << std::numeric_limits<long double>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<std::string>::is_specialized:     "
              << std::numeric_limits<std::string>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<SName>::is_specialized:           "
              << std::numeric_limits<SName>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<SPartSpec>::is_specialized:       "
              << std::numeric_limits<SPartSpec>::is_specialized << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

输出

鉴别有符号类型

std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed

static const bool is_signed;		(C++11 前)
static constexpr bool is_signed;		(C++11 起)

 std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed 的值对所有有符号算数类型 T 为 true ，而对无符号类型为 false 。此常量对所有特化有意义。

标准特化

T	std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed 的值
/* non-specialized */	false
bool	false
char	实现定义
signed char	true
unsigned char	false
wchar_t	实现定义
char8_t	false
char16_t	false
char32_t	false
short	true
unsigned short	false
int	true
unsigned int	false
long	true
unsigned long	false
long long	true
unsigned long long	false
float	true
double	true
long double	true

调用示例 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits>

struct SName
{
};

//偏特化
struct SPartSpec
{
};

namespace std
{
template<>
struct numeric_limits<SPartSpec>
{
    static _GLIBCXX_USE_CONSTEXPR bool is_specialized = true;
    static _GLIBCXX_USE_CONSTEXPR bool is_signed = true;
};
}

int main()
{
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<bool>::is_signed:                 "
              << std::numeric_limits<bool>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<char>::is_signed:                 "
              << std::numeric_limits<char>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<signed char>::is_signed:          "
              << std::numeric_limits<signed char>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::is_signed:        "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<wchar_t>::is_signed:              "
              << std::numeric_limits<wchar_t>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<char16_t>::is_signed:             "
              << std::numeric_limits<char16_t>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<char32_t>::is_signed:             "
              << std::numeric_limits<char32_t>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<short>::is_signed:                "
              << std::numeric_limits<short>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::is_signed:       "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<int>::is_signed:                  "
              << std::numeric_limits<int>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::is_signed:         "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<long>::is_signed:                 "
              << std::numeric_limits<long>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::is_signed:        "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<long long>::is_signed:            "
              << std::numeric_limits<long long>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::is_signed:   "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<float>::is_signed:                "
              << std::numeric_limits<float>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<double>::is_signed:               "
              << std::numeric_limits<double>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<long double>::is_signed:          "
              << std::numeric_limits<long double>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<std::string>::is_signed:          "
              << std::numeric_limits<std::string>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<SName>::is_signed:                "
              << std::numeric_limits<SName>::is_signed << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<SPartSpec>::is_signed:            "
              << std::numeric_limits<SPartSpec>::is_signed << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

输出

鉴别整数类型

std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer

static const bool is_integer;		(C++11 前)
static constexpr bool is_integer;		(C++11 起)

标准特化

T	std::numeric_limits<T>::is_integer 的值
/* non-specialized */	false
bool	true
char	true
signed char	true
unsigned char	true
wchar_t	true
char8_t	true
char16_t	true
char32_t	true
short	true
unsigned short	true
int	true
unsigned int	true
long	true
unsigned long	true
long long	true
unsigned long long	true
float	false
double	false
long double	false

调用示例 

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits>

struct SName
{
};

//偏特化
struct SPartSpec
{
};

namespace std
{
template<>
struct numeric_limits<SPartSpec>
{
    static _GLIBCXX_USE_CONSTEXPR bool is_specialized = true;
    static _GLIBCXX_USE_CONSTEXPR bool is_signed = true;
    static _GLIBCXX_USE_CONSTEXPR bool is_integer = true;
};
}

int main()
{
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<bool>::is_integer:                 "
              << std::numeric_limits<bool>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<char>::is_integer:                 "
              << std::numeric_limits<char>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<signed char>::is_integer:          "
              << std::numeric_limits<signed char>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::is_integer:        "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<wchar_t>::is_integer:              "
              << std::numeric_limits<wchar_t>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<char16_t>::is_integer:             "
              << std::numeric_limits<char16_t>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<char32_t>::is_integer:             "
              << std::numeric_limits<char32_t>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<short>::is_integer:                "
              << std::numeric_limits<short>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::is_integer:       "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<int>::is_integer:                  "
              << std::numeric_limits<int>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::is_integer:         "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<long>::is_integer:                 "
              << std::numeric_limits<long>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::is_integer:        "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<long long>::is_integer:            "
              << std::numeric_limits<long long>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::is_integer:   "
              << std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<float>::is_integer:                "
              << std::numeric_limits<float>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<double>::is_integer:               "
              << std::numeric_limits<double>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<long double>::is_integer:          "
              << std::numeric_limits<long double>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<std::string>::is_integer:          "
              << std::numeric_limits<std::string>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<SName>::is_integer:                "
              << std::numeric_limits<SName>::is_integer << std::endl;
    std::cout << "std::numeric_limits<SPartSpec>::is_integer:            "
              << std::numeric_limits<SPartSpec>::is_integer << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

输出

std::numeric_limits<bool>::is_integer:                 true
std::numeric_limits<char>::is_integer:                 true
std::numeric_limits<signed char>::is_integer:          true
std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::is_integer:        true
std::numeric_limits<wchar_t>::is_integer:              true
std::numeric_limits<char16_t>::is_integer:             true
std::numeric_limits<char32_t>::is_integer:             true
std::numeric_limits<short>::is_integer:                true
std::numeric_limits<unsigned short>::is_integer:       true
std::numeric_limits<int>::is_integer:                  true
std::numeric_limits<unsigned int>::is_integer:         true
std::numeric_limits<long>::is_integer:                 true
std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::is_integer:        true
std::numeric_limits<long long>::is_integer:            true
std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::is_integer:   true
std::numeric_limits<float>::is_integer:                false
std::numeric_limits<double>::is_integer:               false
std::numeric_limits<long double>::is_integer:          false
std::numeric_limits<std::string>::is_integer:          false
std::numeric_limits<SName>::is_integer:                false
std::numeric_limits<SPartSpec>::is_integer:            true