动态内存管理
未初始化存储
提供数个工具以创建并访问未初始化存储
将范围内的对象复制到未初始化的内存区域
std::uninitialized_copy
template< class InputIt, class ForwardIt > | (1) | |
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class InputIt, class ForwardIt > | (2) | (C++17 起) |
1) 复制来自范围 [first, last)
的元素到始于 d_first
的未初始化内存,如同用
for (; first != last; ++d_first, (void) ++first)
::new (static_cast<void*>(std::addressof(*d_first)))
typename std::iterator_traits<ForwardIt>::value_type(*first);
若初始化中抛异常,则以未指定顺序销毁已构造的对象。
2) 同 (1) ,但按照 policy
执行。此重载仅若 std::is_execution_policy_v<std::decay_t<ExecutionPolicy>> 为 true
才参与重载决议。
参数
first, last | - | 要复制的元素范围 |
d_first | - | 目标范围的起始 |
policy | - | 所用的执行策略。细节见执行策略。 |
类型要求 | ||
- InputIt 必须满足遗留输入迭代器 (LegacyInputIterator) 的要求。 | ||
- ForwardIt 必须满足遗留向前迭代器 (LegacyForwardIterator) 的要求。 | ||
- 通过ForwardIt 合法实例的自增、赋值、比较或间接均不可抛异常。 |
返回值
指向最后复制的元素后一元素的迭代器。
复杂度
与 first
和 last
间的距离成线性
异常
拥有名为 ExecutionPolicy
的模板形参的重载按下列方式报告错误:
- 若作为算法一部分调用的函数的执行抛出异常,且
ExecutionPolicy
为标准策略之一,则调用 std::terminate 。对于任何其他ExecutionPolicy
,行为是实现定义的。 - 若算法无法分配内存,则抛出 std::bad_alloc 。
可能的实现
template<class InputIt, class ForwardIt>
ForwardIt uninitialized_copy(InputIt first, InputIt last, ForwardIt d_first)
{
typedef typename std::iterator_traits<ForwardIt>::value_type Value;
ForwardIt current = d_first;
try
{
for (; first != last; ++first, (void) ++current)
{
::new (static_cast<void*>(std::addressof(*current))) Value(*first);
}
return current;
}
catch (...)
{
for (; d_first != current; ++d_first)
{
d_first->~Value();
}
throw;
}
}
调用示例
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <time.h>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
#include <cassert>
struct Cell
{
int x;
int y;
Cell() = default;
Cell(int a, int b): x(a), y(b) {}
Cell &operator +=(const Cell &cell)
{
x += cell.x;
y += cell.y;
return *this;
}
Cell &operator +(const Cell &cell)
{
x += cell.x;
y += cell.y;
return *this;
}
Cell &operator *(const Cell &cell)
{
x *= cell.x;
y *= cell.y;
return *this;
}
Cell &operator ++()
{
x += 1;
y += 1;
return *this;
}
bool operator <(const Cell &cell) const
{
if (x == cell.x)
{
return y < cell.y;
}
else
{
return x < cell.x;
}
}
bool operator >(const Cell &cell) const
{
if (x == cell.x)
{
return y > cell.y;
}
else
{
return x > cell.x;
}
}
bool operator ==(const Cell &cell) const
{
return x == cell.x && y == cell.y;
}
friend Cell operator+(const Cell &lcell, const Cell &rcell)
{
Cell cell = lcell;
cell.x += rcell.x;
cell.y += rcell.y;
return cell;
}
friend Cell operator-(const Cell &lcell, const Cell &rcell)
{
Cell cell = lcell;
cell.x -= rcell.x;
cell.y -= rcell.y;
return cell;
}
friend Cell operator*(const Cell &lcell, const Cell &rcell)
{
Cell cell = lcell;
cell.x *= rcell.x;
cell.y *= rcell.y;
return cell;
}
friend Cell operator/(const Cell &lcell, const Cell &rcell)
{
Cell cell = lcell;
cell.x /= rcell.x;
cell.y /= rcell.y;
return cell;
}
friend Cell operator%(const Cell &lcell, const Cell &rcell)
{
Cell cell = lcell;
cell.x %= rcell.x;
cell.y %= rcell.y;
return cell;
}
};
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Cell &cell)
{
os << "{" << cell.x << "," << cell.y << "}";
return os;
}
namespace _std
{
template<class InputIt, class ForwardIt>
ForwardIt uninitialized_copy(InputIt first, InputIt last, ForwardIt d_first)
{
typedef typename std::iterator_traits<ForwardIt>::value_type Value;
ForwardIt current = d_first;
try
{
for (; first != last; ++first, (void) ++current)
{
::new (static_cast<void*>(std::addressof(*current))) Value(*first);
}
return current;
}
catch (...)
{
for (; d_first != current; ++d_first)
{
d_first->~Value();
}
throw;
}
}
}
int main()
{
std::cout << std::boolalpha;
std::mt19937 g{std::random_device{}()};
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
auto generate = []()
{
int n = std::rand() % 10 + 110;
Cell cell{n, n};
return cell;
};
//3) 构造拥有 count 个有值 value 的元素的容器。
std::vector<Cell> vector1(8, generate());
std::generate(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), generate);
std::sort(vector1.begin(), vector1.end());
std::cout << "vector1: ";
std::copy(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
std::vector<Cell> vector2(vector1.size(), Cell{101, 101});
std::generate(vector2.begin(), vector2.end(), generate);
std::sort(vector2.begin(), vector2.end());
std::cout << "vector2: ";
std::copy(vector2.begin(), vector2.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
std::vector<Cell> vector3;
// 为vector3预留空间
vector3.resize(vector1.size());
std::uninitialized_copy(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), vector3.begin());
std::cout << "vector3: ";
std::copy(vector3.begin(), vector3.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "vector1: ";
std::copy(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}
输出
vector1: {110,110} {111,111} {112,112} {114,114} {114,114} {115,115} {116,116} {119,119}
vector2: {111,111} {113,113} {113,113} {116,116} {116,116} {117,117} {117,117} {118,118}
vector3: {110,110} {111,111} {112,112} {114,114} {114,114} {115,115} {116,116} {119,119}
vector1: {110,110} {111,111} {112,112} {114,114} {114,114} {115,115} {116,116} {119,119}