C++11标准模板（STL）- 动态内存管理 - 未初始化存储 - 销毁在给定地址的对象 - （std::destroy_at）

动态内存管理

未初始化存储

提供数个工具以创建并访问未初始化存储

销毁在给定地址的对象

std::destroy_at

template< class T > void destroy_at( T* p );

(C++17 起)

调用 p 所指对象的析构函数，如同用 p->~T() 。

参数

p

-

指向要被销毁的对象的指针

返回值

（无）

可能的实现

namespace std
{
template<class T>
void destroy_at(T* p)
{
    std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
    p->~T();
}

template< class ForwardIt >
void destroy(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last)
{
    for (; first != last; ++first)
    {
        std::destroy_at(std::addressof(*first));
    }
}

template<class ForwardIt>
void uninitialized_value_construct(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last)
{
    using Value = typename std::iterator_traits<ForwardIt>::value_type;
    ForwardIt current = first;
    try
    {
        for (; current != last; ++current)
        {
            ::new (static_cast<void*>(std::addressof(*current))) Value();
        }
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        std::destroy(first, current);
        throw;
    }
}

template<class ForwardIt, class Size>
ForwardIt uninitialized_value_construct_n(ForwardIt first, Size n)
{
    using T = typename std::iterator_traits<ForwardIt>::value_type;
    ForwardIt current = first;
    try
    {
        for (; n > 0 ; (void) ++current, --n)
        {
            ::new (static_cast<void*>(std::addressof(*current))) T();
        }
        return current;
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        std::destroy(first, current);
        throw;
    }
}
}

调用示例

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <time.h>
#include <random>
#include <vector>
#include <cassert>

struct Cell
{
    int x;
    int y;

    Cell(): x(0), y(0)
    {
    }

    Cell(int a, int b): x(a), y(b) {}

    Cell &operator +=(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x += cell.x;
        y += cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator +(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x += cell.x;
        y += cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator *(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x *= cell.x;
        y *= cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator ++()
    {
        x += 1;
        y += 1;
        return *this;
    }


    bool operator <(const Cell &cell) const
    {
        if (x == cell.x)
        {
            return y < cell.y;
        }
        else
        {
            return x < cell.x;
        }
    }

    bool operator >(const Cell &cell) const
    {
        if (x == cell.x)
        {
            return y > cell.y;
        }
        else
        {
            return x > cell.x;
        }
    }

    bool operator ==(const Cell &cell) const
    {
        return x == cell.x && y == cell.y;
    }

    friend Cell operator+(const Cell &lcell, const Cell &rcell)
    {
        Cell cell = lcell;
        cell.x += rcell.x;
        cell.y += rcell.y;
        return cell;
    }

    friend Cell operator-(const Cell &lcell, const Cell &rcell)
    {
        Cell cell = lcell;
        cell.x -= rcell.x;
        cell.y -= rcell.y;
        return cell;
    }

    friend Cell operator*(const Cell &lcell, const Cell &rcell)
    {
        Cell cell = lcell;
        cell.x *= rcell.x;
        cell.y *= rcell.y;
        return cell;
    }

    friend Cell operator/(const Cell &lcell, const Cell &rcell)
    {
        Cell cell = lcell;
        cell.x /= rcell.x;
        cell.y /= rcell.y;
        return cell;
    }

    friend Cell operator%(const Cell &lcell, const Cell &rcell)
    {
        Cell cell = lcell;
        cell.x %= rcell.x;
        cell.y %= rcell.y;
        return cell;
    }
};

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Cell &cell)
{
    os << "{" << cell.x << "," << cell.y << "}";
    return os;
}

namespace std
{
template<class T>
void destroy_at(T* p)
{
    std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << std::endl;
    p->~T();
}

template< class ForwardIt >
void destroy(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last)
{
    for (; first != last; ++first)
    {
        std::destroy_at(std::addressof(*first));
    }
}

template<class ForwardIt>
void uninitialized_value_construct(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last)
{
    using Value = typename std::iterator_traits<ForwardIt>::value_type;
    ForwardIt current = first;
    try
    {
        for (; current != last; ++current)
        {
            ::new (static_cast<void*>(std::addressof(*current))) Value();
        }
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        std::destroy(first, current);
        throw;
    }
}

template<class ForwardIt, class Size>
ForwardIt uninitialized_value_construct_n(ForwardIt first, Size n)
{
    using T = typename std::iterator_traits<ForwardIt>::value_type;
    ForwardIt current = first;
    try
    {
        for (; n > 0 ; (void) ++current, --n)
        {
            ::new (static_cast<void*>(std::addressof(*current))) T();
        }
        return current;
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        std::destroy(first, current);
        throw;
    }
}
}

int main()
{
    std::cout << "std::destroy_at" << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;

    std::mt19937 g{std::random_device{}()};
    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));

    auto generate = []()
    {
        int n = std::rand() % 10 + 110;
        Cell cell{n, n};
        return cell;
    };

    auto destroy_at = [](const Cell & cell)
    {
        std::destroy_at(&cell);
    };

    //3) 构造拥有 count 个有值 value 的元素的容器。
    std::vector<Cell> vector1(8, generate());
    std::uninitialized_value_construct_n(vector1.begin(), vector1.size());
    std::cout << "vector1:  ";
    std::copy(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << std::endl;
    std::for_each(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), destroy_at);
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::vector<Cell> vector2(vector1.size(), Cell{101, 101});
    std::uninitialized_value_construct_n(vector2.begin(), vector2.size());
    std::cout << "vector2:  ";
    std::copy(vector2.begin(), vector2.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << std::endl;
    std::for_each(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), destroy_at);
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::vector<Cell> vector3;
    // 为vector3预留空间
    vector3.resize(vector1.size());
    std::uninitialized_value_construct_n(vector3.begin(), vector3.size());
    std::cout << "vector3:  ";
    std::copy(vector3.begin(), vector3.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << std::endl;
    std::for_each(vector1.begin(), vector1.end(), destroy_at);
    std::cout << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

输出

std::destroy_at
vector1:  {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0}
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at

vector2:  {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0}
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at

vector3:  {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0} {0,0}
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at
destroy_at