创建Servlet配置Tomcat

创建Servlet

1. 在src下面新建一个Servlet文件
   
2. 打开这个文件

package servlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ServletTest1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
    //在这里可以输出一条语句
        System.out.println("接收到一条消息");
    }
}

3. 打开web目录下的WEB_INF目录下的web.xml
   
4. 添加几行代码

 <servlet>
<!-- 这里的servlet-name是你自己起的名字 -->
        <servlet-name>ServletTest1</servlet-name>
        <!-- 这里的servlet.ServletTest1 是你建的文件的路径 包名+文件名 -->
        <servlet-class>servlet.ServletTest1</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <!-- 这里会有一个文件映射 -->
    <servlet-mapping>
    <!-- 这里的ServletTest1必须和上一行的ServletTest1一致 -->
        <servlet-name>ServletTest1</servlet-name>
        <!-- test01是你要访问的路径 -->
        <url-pattern>/test01</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

5. 在idea里面启动Tomcat
   
6. 浏览器输入你刚才的请求路径，我的是：
   http://localhost:8080/javaweb/test01
7. idea 控制台会输出一条消息
   

web页面显示java代码

package servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

@WebServlet(name = "ServletTest2")
public class ServletTest2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
       response.setContentType("text/html");
        PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.println("你好");
        writer.print("<h1>Hello</h1>");
    }

    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("这是第二条Servlet消息");
    }
}

注意：是在doGet方法里面重写。

restful风格

1. /* 路径不管输入什么，都会出来页面。

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>test2</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

2. *.do 前面可以任意写，后面写do

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>test2</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

3. 多级目录

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>test2</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/demo/test2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

重定向

重定向就是你打开一个网页，但是却跳转到另外一个网页。
//下面一行代码就可以在打开网页的时候，跳转到百度页面
response.sendRedirect("https://www.baidu.com/");

网页交互

第一个文件

package servlet02;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import java.io.IOException;

@javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet(name = "Servlet01")
public class Servlet01 extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
       //
         //通过servlet对象，可以获取一个servletContext;
                response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
                ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
                String username = "abc"; // 可以通过JDBC去读取;
                // setAttribute：设置一个属性；（属性名，属性值）
                servletContext.setAttribute("name",username);
                response.getWriter().print("设置信息成功！" + username);
    }

    protected void doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request,response);
    }
}

第二个文件

package servlet02;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet(name = "Servlet02")
public class Servlet02 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
        String name = (String) servletContext.getAttribute("name");
        response.getWriter().println("获取到的信息为：" + name );
    }
}

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>test1</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>servlet02.Servlet01</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>test1</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/test1</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>test2</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>servlet02.Servlet02</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>test2</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/test2</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

运行的时候，先在网页中输入 test1 再输入test2 ，test2就可以得到test1的消息了。