数据结构探险(栈篇)

一、栈的工作原理

后进先出

二、单一数据类型栈

//在MyStack.h文件中
#ifndef MYSTACK_H
#define MYSTACK_H

class MyStack
{
public:
	MyStack(int size);		//分配内存初始化栈空间,设定栈容量,栈顶
	~MyStack();				//回收栈空间内存
	bool StackEmpty();		//判栈空
	bool StackFull();		//判栈满
	void ClearStack();		//清空栈
	int StackLength();		//已有元素个数
	bool Push(char elem);	//元素入栈,栈顶上升
	bool pop(char &elem);	//元素出栈,栈顶下降
	void StackTraverse();	//遍历栈中所有元素

private:
	char *m_pBuffer;	//栈空间指针
	int m_iSize;		//栈容量
	int m_iTop;			//栈顶(栈中元素个数)
};

#endif // !MYSTACK_H
//MyStack.cpp文件中
#include <iostream>
#include "MyStack.h"

using namespace std;

MyStack::MyStack(int size)
{
	m_iSize = size;
	m_iTop = 0;
	m_pBuffer = new char[size];
}
MyStack::~MyStack()
{
	delete[]m_pBuffer;
}
bool MyStack::StackEmpty()
{
	if (m_iTop == 0)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
bool MyStack::StackFull()
{
	if (m_iTop == m_iSize)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
void MyStack::ClearStack()
{
	m_iTop = 0;
}
int MyStack::StackLength()
{
	return m_iTop;
}
bool MyStack::Push(char elem)
{
	if (StackFull())
	{
		return false;
	}
	m_pBuffer[m_iTop] = elem;
	m_iTop++;
	return true;
}
bool MyStack::pop(char &elem)
{
	if (StackEmpty())
	{
		return false;
	}
	m_iTop--;
	elem = m_pBuffer[m_iTop];
	return true;
}
void MyStack::StackTraverse()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < m_iTop; i++)
	{
		cout << m_pBuffer[i] << ",";
	}
}
//demo.cpp文件中
#include <iostream>
#include "MyStack.h"
//#include"demo.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	MyStack *p = new MyStack(5);


	p->Push('h');
	p->Push('e');
	p->Push('l');
	p->Push('l');
	p->Push('o');

	p->StackTraverse();

	char elem = '0';
	p->pop(elem);

	if (p->StackEmpty())
	{
		cout << "空栈" << endl;
	}
	if (p->StackFull())
	{
		cout << "满栈" << endl;
	}
	cout << "栈中元素个数:" << p->StackLength() << endl;
	p->StackTraverse();
	
	delete p;
	p = NULL;

	return 0;
}

三、栈模板

//在MyStack.h文件中
#ifndef MYSTACK_H
#define MYSTACK_H

template <typename T>
class MyStack
{
public:
	MyStack(int size);		//分配内存初始化栈空间,设定栈容量,栈顶
	~MyStack();				//回收栈空间内存
	bool StackEmpty();		//判栈空
	bool StackFull();		//判栈满
	void ClearStack();		//清空栈
	int StackLength();		//已有元素个数
	bool Push(T elem);		//元素入栈,栈顶上升
	bool pop(T &elem);		//元素出栈,栈顶下降
	void StackTraverse();	//遍历栈中所有元素

private:
	T *m_pBuffer;		//栈空间指针
	int m_iSize;		//栈容量
	int m_iTop;			//栈顶(栈中元素个数)
};

template <typename T>
MyStack<T>::MyStack(int size)
{
	m_iSize = size;
	m_iTop = 0;
	m_pBuffer = new T[size];
}
template <typename T>
MyStack<T>::~MyStack()
{
	delete[]m_pBuffer;
}
template <typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::StackEmpty()
{
	if (m_iTop == 0)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
template <typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::StackFull()
{
	if (m_iTop == m_iSize)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
template <typename T>
void MyStack<T>::ClearStack()
{
	m_iTop = 0;
}
template <typename T>
int MyStack<T>::StackLength()
{
	return m_iTop;
}
template <typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::Push(T elem)
{
	if (StackFull())
	{
		return false;
	}
	m_pBuffer[m_iTop] = elem;
	m_iTop++;
	return true;
}
template <typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::pop(T &elem)
{
	if (StackEmpty())
	{
		return false;
	}
	m_iTop--;
	elem = m_pBuffer[m_iTop];
	return true;
}
template <typename T>
void MyStack<T>::StackTraverse()
{
	for (int i = 0; i < m_iTop; i++)
	{
		cout << m_pBuffer[i];
	}
}

#endif // !MYSTACK_H

//在Test.h文件中
#ifndef TEST_H
#define TEST_H

#include<ostream>
using namespace std;

class Coordinate
{
	friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, Coordinate &coor);
public:
	Coordinate(int x=0,int y=0);
	~Coordinate();

private:
	int m_iX;
	int m_iY;
};

Coordinate::Coordinate(int x, int y)
{
	m_iX = x;
	m_iY = y;
}

Coordinate::~Coordinate()
{
}

ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, Coordinate &coor)
{
	out << "(" << coor.m_iX << "," << coor.m_iY << ") ";
	return out;
}



#endif // !TEST_H

//在Demo.cpp文件中
#include <iostream>
#include "MyStack.h"
#include "Test.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	MyStack<Coordinate> *p = new MyStack<Coordinate>(5);

	Coordinate c1 = Coordinate(5, 8);

	p->Push(Coordinate(3, 2));
	p->Push(Coordinate(6, 9));
	p->Push(Coordinate(4, 7));
	p->Push(Coordinate(2, 5));
	p->Push(Coordinate(0, 1));

	p->StackTraverse();

	p->pop(c1);

	if (p->StackEmpty())
	{
		cout << "空栈" << endl;
	}
	if (p->StackFull())
	{
		cout << "满栈" << endl;
	}
	cout << "栈中元素个数:" << p->StackLength() << endl;
	p->StackTraverse();
	
	delete p;
	p = NULL;

	return 0;
}

四、栈的应用

1、进制转化

//在demo.cpp文件中
#include <iostream>
#include "MyStack.h"
#include "Test.h"
using namespace std;

#define LEN 30
int main()
{
	
	MyStack<int> *p = new MyStack<int>(LEN);
	int n = 0,mod = 0;		//数与进制
	int remainder = 0;		//余数
	char hex[] = { "0123456789ABCDEF" };
	cout << "请输入您要转化的十进制数:";
	cin >> n;
	cout << "请选择您要转换的数制:";
	cin >> mod;

	while (n != 0)
	{
		remainder = n % mod;
		p->Push(remainder);
		n /= mod;
	}

	/*p->StackTraverse(false);*/
	int num = 0;
	while (!p->StackEmpty())
	{
		p->Pop(num);
		cout << hex[num];
	}
	
	delete p;
	p = NULL;

	return 0;
}
//在MyStack.h文件中
#ifndef MYSTACK_H
#define MYSTACK_H

template <typename T>
class MyStack
{
public:
	MyStack(int size);		//分配内存初始化栈空间,设定栈容量,栈顶
	~MyStack();				//回收栈空间内存
	bool StackEmpty();		//判栈空
	bool StackFull();		//判栈满
	void ClearStack();		//清空栈
	int StackLength();		//已有元素个数
	bool Push(T elem);		//元素入栈,栈顶上升
	bool Pop(T &elem);		//元素出栈,栈顶下降
	void StackTraverse(bool order);	//遍历栈中所有元素		true:正遍历   false:逆遍历

private:
	T *m_pBuffer;		//栈空间指针
	int m_iSize;		//栈容量
	int m_iTop;			//栈顶(栈中元素个数)
};

template <typename T>
MyStack<T>::MyStack(int size)
{
	m_iSize = size;
	m_iTop = 0;
	m_pBuffer = new T[size];
}
template <typename T>
MyStack<T>::~MyStack()
{
	delete[]m_pBuffer;
}
template <typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::StackEmpty()
{
	if (m_iTop == 0)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
template <typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::StackFull()
{
	if (m_iTop == m_iSize)
	{
		return true;
	}
	return false;
}
template <typename T>
void MyStack<T>::ClearStack()
{
	m_iTop = 0;
}
template <typename T>
int MyStack<T>::StackLength()
{
	return m_iTop;
}
template <typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::Push(T elem)
{
	if (StackFull())
	{
		return false;
	}
	m_pBuffer[m_iTop] = elem;
	m_iTop++;
	return true;
}
template <typename T>
bool MyStack<T>::Pop(T &elem)
{
	if (StackEmpty())
	{
		return false;
	}
	m_iTop--;
	elem = m_pBuffer[m_iTop];
	return true;
}
template <typename T>
void MyStack<T>::StackTraverse(bool order)
{
	if(order==true)
		for (int i = 0; i < m_iTop; i++)
		{
			cout << m_pBuffer[i];
		}
	else
		for (int i = m_iTop-1; i >= 0; i--)
		{
			cout << m_pBuffer[i];
		}
}

#endif // !MYSTACK_H

2、括号匹配

 

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