AVL树的建立过程

原题PTA
AVL树是一种平衡的二叉搜索树，每个节点的平衡因子绝对值小于等于1。
分4种情况的旋转：

• RR右单旋
  
• LL左单旋
  
• LR旋转（通过先右旋再左旋解决）
  
• RL旋转（通过先左旋再右旋解决）
  

题目

An AVL tree is a self-balancing binary search tree. In an AVL tree, the heights of the two child subtrees of any node differ by at most one; if at any time they differ by more than one, rebalancing is done to restore this property. Figures 1-4 illustrate the rotation rules.

Now given a sequence of insertions, you are supposed to tell the root of the resulting AVL tree.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains a positive integer N (≤20) which is the total number of keys to be inserted. Then N distinct integer keys are given in the next line. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.

Output Specification:
For each test case, print the root of the resulting AVL tree in one line.

Sample Input 1:
5
88 70 61 96 120
Sample Output 1:
70
Sample Input 2:
7
88 70 61 96 120 90 65
Sample Output 2:
88

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
typedef struct AVLNode *Position;
typedef Position AVLTree; /* AVL树类型 */
typedef int ElementType ;
struct AVLNode{
    ElementType Data; /* 结点数据 */
    AVLTree Left;     /* 指向左子树 */
    AVLTree Right;    /* 指向右子树 */
    int Height;       /* 树高 */
};

int Max ( int a, int b )
{
    return a > b ? a : b;
}
int GetHeight(AVLTree T){
    if(!T)
        return 0;
    return T->Height;
}

AVLTree SingleLeftRotation ( AVLTree A )
{ /* 注意：A必须有一个左子结点B */
  /* 将A与B做左单旋，更新A与B的高度，返回新的根结点B */

    AVLTree B = A->Left;
    A->Left = B->Right;
    B->Right = A;
    A->Height = Max( GetHeight(A->Left), GetHeight(A->Right) ) + 1;
    B->Height = Max( GetHeight(B->Left), A->Height ) + 1;

    return B;
}

AVLTree SingleRightRotation ( AVLTree A )
{
    AVLTree B = A->Right;
    A->Right = B->Left;
    B->Left = A;
    A->Height = Max( GetHeight(A->Left), GetHeight(A->Right) ) + 1;
    B->Height = Max( GetHeight(B->Right), A->Height ) + 1;

    return B;
}
AVLTree DoubleLeftRightRotation ( AVLTree A )
{ /* 注意：A必须有一个左子结点B，且B必须有一个右子结点C */
  /* 将A、B与C做两次单旋，返回新的根结点C */

    /* 将B与C做右单旋，C被返回 */
    A->Left = SingleRightRotation(A->Left);
    /* 将A与C做左单旋，C被返回 */
    return SingleLeftRotation(A);
}

/*************************************/
/* 对称的右单旋与右-左双旋请自己实现 */
/*************************************/

AVLTree DoubleRightLeftRotation ( AVLTree A )
{
    A->Right = SingleLeftRotation(A->Right);

    return SingleRightRotation(A);
}

AVLTree Insert( AVLTree T, ElementType X )
{ /* 将X插入AVL树T中，并且返回调整后的AVL树 */
    if ( !T ) { /* 若插入空树，则新建包含一个结点的树 */
        T = (AVLTree)malloc(sizeof(struct AVLNode));
        T->Data = X;
        T->Height = 0;
        T->Left = T->Right = NULL;
    } /* if (插入空树) 结束 */

    else if ( X < T->Data ) {
        /* 插入T的左子树 */
        T->Left = Insert( T->Left, X);
        /* 如果需要左旋 */
        if ( GetHeight(T->Left)-GetHeight(T->Right) == 2 )
            if ( X < T->Left->Data )
               T = SingleLeftRotation(T);      /* 左单旋 */
            else
               T = DoubleLeftRightRotation(T); /* 左-右双旋 */
    } /* else if (插入左子树) 结束 */

    else if ( X > T->Data ) {
        /* 插入T的右子树 */
        T->Right = Insert( T->Right, X );
        /* 如果需要右旋 */
        if ( GetHeight(T->Left)-GetHeight(T->Right) == -2 )
            if ( X > T->Right->Data )
               T = SingleRightRotation(T);     /* 右单旋 */
            else
               T = DoubleRightLeftRotation(T); /* 右-左双旋 */
    } /* else if (插入右子树) 结束 */

    /* else X == T->Data，无须插入 */

    /* 别忘了更新树高 */
    T->Height = Max( GetHeight(T->Left), GetHeight(T->Right) ) + 1;

    return T;
}

int main(){
    AVLTree T=NULL;
    int N;
    scanf("%d",&N);
    for(int i=0;i<N;i++){
        ElementType X;
        scanf("%d",&X);
        T=Insert(T,X );
    }
    printf("%d",T->Data);
    return 0;
}