springMVC的笔记

1. DispatcherServlet接收所有请求
2. 调用doDispatcher() 方法进行处理
   1). getHandler() 根据当前请求地址找到能处理这个请求的目标类(处理器)
   2). getHandlerAdapter() 根据当前处理器类拿到能执行这个处理器方法的适配器
   3). 使用适配器执行目标方法
   4). 目标方法执行完返回一个ModelAndView对象
   5). 根据ModelAndView的信息转发到具体页面,并可以在请求域中取出ModelAndView中的模型数据

	protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
		HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
		HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
		boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;

		WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);

		try {
			ModelAndView mv = null;
			Exception dispatchException = null;

			try {
				// 检查是否是文件上传的请求,如果是,那么包装一个新的request
				processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
				// 如果不是文件上传请求,该属性为true, 否则为false
				multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
				// 根据当前请求找到哪一个Controller类来处理请求
				mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
				// 如果没有找到那个处理器类,这个请求就404,或者抛异常
				if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
					noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
					return;
				}

				// 获取能执行这个处理器类中的所有目标方法的适配器 (相当于一个反射工具)
				// mappedHandler.getHandler() 返回的就是控制器类
				HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());

				//  获取请求类型
				String method = request.getMethod();
				boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
				if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
					long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
					if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
						logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified);
					}
					if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
						return;
					}
				}

				if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
					return;
				}
				//适配器执行目标方法
				mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());

				if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
					return;
				}
			
				// 如果目标方法返回值没有视图名,设置一个默认的视图名
				applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
				mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				dispatchException = ex;
			}
			//转发到目标页面
			processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
		}
		catch (Exception ex) {
			triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, ex);
		}
		catch (Error err) {
			triggerAfterCompletionWithError(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, err);
		}
		finally {
			if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
				// Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion
				if (mappedHandler != null) {
					mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response);
				}
			}
			else {
				// Clean up any resources used by a multipart request.
				if (multipartRequestParsed) {
					cleanupMultipart(processedRequest);
				}
			}
		}
	}

getHandler() 细节: 怎么通过当前请求找到那个控制器类来处理

• gethandler() 返回类型是HandlerExecutionChain 目标处理器的执行链
• HandlerMapping 中维护了一个map,map中存放了请求和处理该请求的控制器类,HandlerMapping 有多个:
  • BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,
  • DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping

	protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		for (HandlerMapping hm : this.handlerMappings) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace(
						"Testing handler map [" + hm + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
			}
			HandlerExecutionChain handler = hm.getHandler(request);
			if (handler != null) {
				return handler;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}

如何找到目标处理器类的适配器HandlerAdapter

HandlerAdapter用于调用处理器方法,并且为处理器方法提供参数解析、返回值处理等适配工作,使使用者专心于业务逻辑的实现。 HandlerAdapter 共有三种

• HttpRequestHandlerAdapter
• SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter
• AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter(当前使用)

	protected HandlerAdapter getHandlerAdapter(Object handler) throws ServletException {
		for (HandlerAdapter ha : this.handlerAdapters) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Testing handler adapter [" + ha + "]");
			}
			if (ha.supports(handler)) {
				return ha;
			}
		}
		throw new ServletException("No adapter for handler [" + handler +
				"]: The DispatcherServlet configuration needs to include a HandlerAdapter that supports this handler");
	}

初始化

在spring容器启动时，在初始化容器后，会初始后以下内容：

	protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
		initMultipartResolver(context);
		initLocaleResolver(context);
		initThemeResolver(context);
		initHandlerMappings(context);
		initHandlerAdapters(context);
		initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
		initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
		initViewResolvers(context);
		initFlashMapManager(context);
	}

View 和ViewResolver

ViewResolver的作用就是得到View对象

Interceptor

• 实现HandlerInterceptor接口

• 三个方法 preHandler(), postHandler(), afterCompletion()

• 使用mvc:interceptors标签来声明需要加入到SpringMVC拦截器链中的拦截器

  <mvc:interceptors>
  <!-- 使用bean定义一个Interceptor，直接定义在mvc:interceptors根下面的Interceptor将拦截所有的请求 -->
  	<bean class="com.host.app.web.interceptor.AllInterceptor"/>
  	<mvc:interceptor>
  		<mvc:mapping path="/test/number.do"/>
  		<!-- 定义在mvc:interceptor下面的表示是对特定的请求才进行拦截的 -->
  		<bean class="com.host.app.web.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"/>
  	</mvc:interceptor>
  </mvc:interceptors>
  

异常处理

1. 使用SimpleMappingExceptionResolver实现异常处理

   <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">  
       <!-- 定义默认的异常处理页面，当该异常类型的注册时使用 -->  
       <property name="defaultErrorView" value="error"></property>  
       <!-- 定义异常处理页面用来获取异常信息的变量名，默认名为exception -->  
       <property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex"></property>  
       <!-- 定义需要特殊处理的异常，用类名或完全路径名作为key，异常也页名作为值 -->  
       <property name="exceptionMappings">  
           <props>  
              <prop key="cn.exception.BusinessException">error-business</prop>  
       </property>  
       </bean>  
   

2. 实现HandlerException

   public class MyExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver{
   
       public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
               Exception ex) {
           // TODO Auto-generated method stub
           ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
           if(ex instanceof ArithmeticException){
               //处理运算异常
               mav.setViewName("ae_error");
           }else if(ex instanceof NullPointerException){
               //处理空指针异常
               mav.setViewName("npe_error");
           }else{
               //处理其他异常
               mav.setViewName("error");
           }
           return mav;
       }
   }
   

3. @ExceptionHandler局部异常处理

   @Controller
   public class DemoController {
       @RequestMapping("/login2.form")
       public String excute(){
           int a = 1/0;
           return "ok";
       }
       @ExceptionHandler
       public String handlerExcepting(HttpServletRequest request,Exception ex){
           return "he_error";
       }
   }
   

4. @ControllerAdvice处理全局异常

   @ControllerAdvice
   public class ExceptionControllerAdvice {
     
       @ExceptionHandler(Throwable.class)
       @ResponseBody
       public Map<String, Object> ajaxError(Throwable error, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
           Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
           map.put("error", error.getMessage());
           return map;
       }  
   }