java---Properties类的操作

java properties类的作用

Java中有个比较重要的类Properties（Java.util.Properties），主要用于读取Java的配置文件，各种语言都有自己所支持的配置文件，配置文件中很多变量是经常改变的，这样做也是为了方便用户，让用户能够脱离程序本身去修改相关的变量设置。像Python支持的配置文件是.ini文件，同样，它也有自己读取配置文件的类ConfigParse，方便程序员或用户通过该类的方法来修改.ini配置文件。在Java中，其配置文件常为.properties文件，格式为文本文件，文件的内容的格式是“键=值”的格式，文本注释信息可以用"#"来注释。

Properties类的方法

这里提供几个主要的方法

• String getProperty(String key)
  Searches for the property with the specified key in this property list.

• void list(PrintStream out)
  Prints this property list out to the specified output stream.

• void list(PrintWriter out)
  Prints this property list out to the specified output stream.

• void load(InputStream inStream)
  Reads a property list (key and element pairs) from the input character stream in a simple line-oriented format.

• void loadFromXML(InputStream in)
  Loads all of the properties represented by the XML document on the specified input stream into this properties table.

• Object setProperty(String key, String value)
  Calls the Hashtable method put.

• void store(OutputStream out, String comments)
  Writes this property list (key and element pairs) in this Properties table to the output stream in a format suitable for loading into a Properties table using the load(InputStream) method.

• void store(Writer writer, String comments)

Writes this property list (key and element pairs) in this Properties table to the output character stream in a format suitable for using the load(Reader) method.

• void storeToXML(OutputStream os, String comment)

Emits an XML document representing all of the properties contained in this table.

• void storeToXML(OutputStream os, String comment, String encoding)

Emits an XML document representing all of the properties contained in this table, using the specified encoding.

• Set < String > stringPropertyNames()

Returns a set of keys in this property list where the key and its corresponding value are strings, including distinct keys in the default property list if a key of the same name has not already been found from the main properties list.

• Enumeration<?> propertyNames()

Returns an enumeration of all the keys in this property list, including distinct keys in the default property list if a key of the same name has not already been found from the main properties list.

java 读取Properties文件的方法

java读取properties文件的方法有很多。常用的有两种：

• InputStream in = getClass().getResourceAsStream(“资源Name”);
• InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filepath));

相关实例

• 获取JVM系统属性

public static void main(String[] args) {
		Properties pps = System.getProperties();
		pps.list(System.out);
	}

• 新建一个properties文件

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream("H:\\Test\\Test\\src\\com\\xzy\\Demo1\\test.properties");
		
		Properties pps = new Properties();
		pps.load(fin);
		Enumeration enum1 = pps.propertyNames();
		while(enum1.hasMoreElements())
		{
			String strkey = (String)enum1.nextElement();
			String strvalue = pps.getProperty(strkey);
			System.out.println(strkey+"="+strvalue);
		}
	}

public class Study {

	//根据key读取value
	public static String getValue(String filePath,String key) throws IOException
	{
		 Properties  pps = new Properties();
		 
		 InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filePath));
		 pps.load(in);
		 String value = pps.getProperty(key);
		 System.out.println(key+"--"+value);
		 return value;
	}
	
	//读取properties的全部信息
	public static void getAllInformation(String filepath) throws IOException
	{
		Properties  pps = new Properties();

		InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(filepath));
		pps.load(in);
		pps.list(System.out);
		
	}
	
	//写入properties信息
	public static void writeProperties(String filepath,String key,String value) throws IOException
	{
		Properties pps = new Properties();
		        
		         InputStream in = new FileInputStream(filepath);
		        //从输入流中读取属性列表（键和元素对） 
		         pps.load(in);
		         //调用 Hashtable 的方法 put。使用 getProperty 方法提供并行性。  
		         //强制要求为属性的键和值使用字符串。返回值是 Hashtable 调用 put 的结果。
		         OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(filepath);
		         pps.setProperty(key, value);
		         //以适合使用 load 方法加载到 Properties 表中的格式，  
		         //将此 Properties 表中的属性列表（键和元素对）写入输出流  
		         pps.store(out, "Update " + key + " name");
		
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		writeProperties("H:\\Test\\Test\\src\\com\\xzy\\Demo1\\test.properties", "123", "456");
	}

}