java Properties 学习笔记

Properties

先看代码：

public
class Properties extends Hashtable<Object,Object> {
   
    /**
     * use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1.X for interoperability
     */
    @java.io.Serial
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4112578634029874840L;

    private static final Unsafe UNSAFE = Unsafe.getUnsafe();

    /**
     * A property list that contains default values for any keys not
     * found in this property list.
     *
     * @serial
     */
    protected volatile Properties defaults;

    /**
     * Properties does not store values in its inherited Hashtable, but instead
     * in an internal ConcurrentHashMap.  Synchronization is omitted from
     * simple read operations.  Writes and bulk operations remain synchronized,
     * as in Hashtable.
     */
    private transient volatile ConcurrentHashMap<Object, Object> map;
    //省略....
}
```
可以看到，Properties 是继承 Hashtable. 不过。他有两个属性：Properties defaults 和ConcurrentHashMap<Object, Object> map。
```java
   /**
     * Calls the {@code Hashtable} method {@code put}. Provided for
     * parallelism with the {@code getProperty} method. Enforces use of
     * strings for property keys and values. The value returned is the
     * result of the {@code Hashtable} call to {@code put}.
     *
     * @param key the key to be placed into this property list.
     * @param value the value corresponding to {@code key}.
     * @return     the previous value of the specified key in this property
     *             list, or {@code null} if it did not have one.
     * @see #getProperty
     * @since    1.2
     */
    public synchronized Object setProperty(String key, String value) {
   
        return put(key, value);
    }
    @Override
    public synchronized Object put(Object key, Object value) {
   
        return map.put(key, value);
    }

        /**
     * Searches for the property with the specified key in this property list.
     * If the key is not found in this property list, the default property list,
     * and its defaults, recursively, are then checked. The method returns
     * {@code null} if the property is not found.
     *
     * @param   key   the property key.
     * @return  the value in this property list with the specified key value.
     * @see     #setProperty
     * @see     #defaults
     */
    public String getProperty(String key) {
   
        Object oval = map.get(key);
        String sval = (oval instanceof String) ? (String)oval : null;
        Properties defaults;
        return ((sval == null) && ((defaults = this.defaults) != null)) ? defaults.getProperty(key) : sval;
    }
 ```
 可以看到，加入新值的时候，是先存放到map里面的。也就时说，Properties虽然继承了Hashtable.但并不是新加的值都放到defaults里面的，而是放到  private