消息队列之Headers交换类型

消息队列之Headers交换类型

1、说明

Headers类型的exchange使用的比较少，它也是忽略routingKey的一种路由方式。是使用Headers来匹配的。Headers是一个键值对，可以定义成Hashtable。发送者在发送的时候定义一些键值对，接收者也可以再绑定时候传入一些键值对，两者匹配的话，则对应的队列就可以收到消息。匹配有两种方式all和any。这两种方式是在接收端必须要用键值"x-mactch"来定义。all代表定义的多个键值对都要满足，而any则代码只要满足一个就可以了。fanout，direct，topic exchange的routingKey都需要要字符串形式的，而headers exchange则没有这个要求，因为键值对的值可以是任何类型。

2、生产者

public class P {
    private final static String EXCHANGE_NAME = "header-exchange";
    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "header-queue";

    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 创建连接和频道
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //声明转发器和类型headers
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "headers",false,true,null);
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME,false, false, true,null);

        Map<String, Object> map = new Hashtable<String, Object>();
        map.put("x-match", "any");//all any
        map.put("aaa", "01234");
        map.put("bbb", "56789");
        // 为转发器指定队列，设置binding 绑定header键值对
        channel.queueBind(QUEUE_NAME, EXCHANGE_NAME,"", map);

        //声明转发器和类型headers
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, "headers",false,true,null);
        String message = new Date().toLocaleString() + " : log something";

        Map<String,Object> headers =  new Hashtable<String, Object>();
        headers.put("bbb", "56789");
        Builder properties = new BasicProperties.Builder();
        properties.headers(headers);

        // 指定消息发送到的转发器,绑定键值对headers键值对
        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "",properties.build(),message.getBytes());

        System.out.println("Sent message :'" + message + "'");
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

3、消费者

public class C {
    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "header-queue";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 创建连接和频道
        Connection connection = ConnectionUtils.getConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                super.handleDelivery(consumerTag, envelope, properties, body);
                String msg = new String(body, "utf-8");
                System.out.println(msg);
            }
        };
        // 指定接收者，第二个参数为自动应答，无需手动应答
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, consumer);
    }
}