添加 根目录 data 文件夹，并扩容data磁盘

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0             2:0    1     4K  0 disk 
sda             8:0    0   200G  0 disk 
├─sda1          8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2          8:2    0   199G  0 part 
├─rhel-root 253:0    0    50G  0 lvm  /
├─rhel-swap 253:1    0   3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
└─rhel-home 253:2    0 145.1G  0 lvm  /home
sdb             8:16   0   500G  0 disk 
sr0            11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg_data dev/sdb
Device dev/sdb not found (or ignored by filtering).

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate vg_data /dev/sdb
Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created.
Volume group "vg_data" successfully created

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0             2:0    1     4K  0 disk 
sda             8:0    0   200G  0 disk 
├─sda1          8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2          8:2    0   199G  0 part 
├─rhel-root 253:0    0    50G  0 lvm  /
├─rhel-swap 253:1    0   3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
└─rhel-home 253:2    0 145.1G  0 lvm  /home
sdb             8:16   0   500G  0 disk 
sr0            11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name               vg_data
System ID             
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        1
Metadata Sequence No  1
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                0
Open LV               0
Max PV                0
Cur PV                1
Act PV                1
VG Size               <500.00 GiB
PE Size               4.00 MiB
Total PE              127999
Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
Free  PE / Size       127999 / <500.00 GiB
VG UUID               3W9Oe3-tVBG-vEMs-PPBT-QAXM-1kwu-1lkwCi

--- Volume group ---
VG Name               rhel
System ID             
Format                lvm2
Metadata Areas        1
Metadata Sequence No  4
VG Access             read/write
VG Status             resizable
MAX LV                0
Cur LV                3
Open LV               3
Max PV                0
Cur PV                1
Act PV                1
VG Size               <199.00 GiB
PE Size               4.00 MiB
Total PE              50943
Alloc PE / Size       50942 / 198.99 GiB
Free  PE / Size       1 / 4.00 MiB
VG UUID               1ibq1r-WjKz-8T9v-65vt-ThUQ-VUiz-A0pk1H

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n vg_data_a -L 450G vg_data
Logical volume "vg_data_a" created.

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统               容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   50G  3.2G   47G    7% /
devtmpfs                16G     0   16G    0% /dev
tmpfs                   16G     0   16G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   16G   17M   16G    1% /run
tmpfs                   16G     0   16G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             1014M  179M  836M   18% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home  146G   33M  146G    1% /home
tmpfs                  3.2G     0  3.2G    0% /run/user/40544
tmpfs                  3.2G     0  3.2G    0% /run/user/0

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME                MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0                   2:0    1     4K  0 disk 
sda                   8:0    0   200G  0 disk 
├─sda1                8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2                8:2    0   199G  0 part 
├─rhel-root       253:0    0    50G  0 lvm  /
├─rhel-swap       253:1    0   3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
└─rhel-home       253:2    0 145.1G  0 lvm  /home
sdb                   8:16   0   500G  0 disk 
└─vg_data-vg_data_a 253:3    0   450G  0 lvm  
sr0                  11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_data/vg_data_a 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
文件系统标签=
OS type: Linux
块大小=4096 (log=2)
分块大小=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
29491200 inodes, 117964800 blocks
5898240 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2267021312
3600 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
102400000

Allocating group tables: 完成                            
正在写入inode表: 完成                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成     

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# ll /
总用量 28
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 2月  27 2019 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root root 4096 2月  27 2019 boot
drwxr-xr-x   20 root root 3300 11月  4 15:29 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 139 root root 8192 10月 23 2019 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   8 root root   91 2月  28 2019 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 2月  27 2019 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 2月  27 2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 3月  10 2016 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 3月  10 2016 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   16 2月  27 2019 opt
dr-xr-xr-x  268 root root    0 10月 29 10:22 proc
dr-xr-x---.  14 root root 4096 11月  1 15:46 root
drwxr-xr-x   38 root root 1200 10月 29 10:22 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 2月  27 2019 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 3月  10 2016 srv
dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root    0 10月 29 10:22 sys
drwxrwxrwt.  14 root root 4096 11月  4 15:30 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  14 root root  171 3月   5 2019 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  21 root root 4096 2月  27 2019 var

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data
[root@localhost ~]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 2270 2月  27 2019 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2363 2月  27 2019 initial-setup-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 2月  27 2019 公共
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 2月  27 2019 模板
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 2月  27 2019 视频
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 2月  27 2019 图片
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 2月  27 2019 文档
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 2月  27 2019 下载
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 2月  27 2019 音乐
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root    6 2月  27 2019 桌面
[root@localhost ~]# ll /
总用量 28
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 2月  27 2019 bin -> usr/bin
dr-xr-xr-x.   4 root root 4096 2月  27 2019 boot
drwxr-xr-x    2 root root    6 11月  4 15:30 data
drwxr-xr-x   20 root root 3300 11月  4 15:29 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 139 root root 8192 10月 23 2019 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   8 root root   91 2月  28 2019 home
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    7 2月  27 2019 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    9 2月  27 2019 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 3月  10 2016 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 3月  10 2016 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root   16 2月  27 2019 opt
dr-xr-xr-x  268 root root    0 10月 29 10:22 proc
dr-xr-x---.  14 root root 4096 11月  1 15:46 root
drwxr-xr-x   38 root root 1200 10月 29 10:22 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root    8 2月  27 2019 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 3月  10 2016 srv
dr-xr-xr-x   13 root root    0 10月 29 10:22 sys
drwxrwxrwt.  14 root root 4096 11月  4 15:30 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.  14 root root  171 3月   5 2019 usr
drwxr-xr-x.  21 root root 4096 2月  27 2019 var

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统               容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/rhel-root   50G  3.2G   47G    7% /
devtmpfs                16G     0   16G    0% /dev
tmpfs                   16G     0   16G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                   16G   17M   16G    1% /run
tmpfs                   16G     0   16G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1             1014M  179M  836M   18% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home  146G   33M  146G    1% /home
tmpfs                  3.2G     0  3.2G    0% /run/user/40544
tmpfs                  3.2G     0  3.2G    0% /run/user/0

[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg_data/vg_data_a /data/mount /dev/vg_data/vg_data_a 	/data/mount /dev/vg_data/vg_data_a /data/^C
[root@localhost ~]# ^C
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg_data/vg_data_a /data/
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                       容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/rhel-root           50G  3.2G   47G    7% /
devtmpfs                        16G     0   16G    0% /dev
tmpfs                           16G     0   16G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                           16G   17M   16G    1% /run
tmpfs                           16G     0   16G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                     1014M  179M  836M   18% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home          146G   33M  146G    1% /home
tmpfs                          3.2G     0  3.2G    0% /run/user/40544
tmpfs                          3.2G     0  3.2G    0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_data-vg_data_a  443G   73M  421G    1% /data

[root@localhost ~]# echo "/dev/vg_data/vg_data_a /data ext4 defaults 0 0 " >>/etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系统                       容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/rhel-root           50G  3.2G   47G    7% /
devtmpfs                        16G     0   16G    0% /dev
tmpfs                           16G     0   16G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                           16G   17M   16G    1% /run
tmpfs                           16G     0   16G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                     1014M  179M  836M   18% /boot
/dev/mapper/rhel-home          146G   33M  146G    1% /home
tmpfs                          3.2G     0  3.2G    0% /run/user/40544
tmpfs                          3.2G     0  3.2G    0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/vg_data-vg_data_a  443G   73M  421G    1% /data
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME                MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0                   2:0    1     4K  0 disk 
sda                   8:0    0   200G  0 disk 
├─sda1                8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2                8:2    0   199G  0 part 
 ├─rhel-root       253:0    0    50G  0 lvm  /
 ├─rhel-swap       253:1    0   3.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
 └─rhel-home       253:2    0 145.1G  0 lvm  /home
sdb                   8:16   0   500G  0 disk 
└─vg_data-vg_data_a 253:3    0   450G  0 lvm  /data
sr0                  11:0    1  1024M  0 rom  
[root@localhost ~]#