手写实现 IoC 和 AOP
在手写实现IOC和AOP的案例中,我们使用Servlet接受web项目页面的请求,持久层使用的是JDBC。本章主要是通过手写案例来发现案例中的问题,提出相应的解决思路。
银行转账案例
案例表结构
转账案例代码调用关系
转账案例关键代码
- TransferServlet
package com.lagou.edu.servlet;
import com.lagou.edu.service.impl.TransferServiceImpl;
import com.lagou.edu.utils.JsonUtils;
import com.lagou.edu.pojo.Result;
import com.lagou.edu.service.TransferService;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebServlet(name="transferServlet",urlPatterns = "/transferServlet")
public class TransferServlet extends HttpServlet {
// 1. 实例化service层对象
private TransferService transferService = new TransferServiceImpl();
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse
resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 设置请求体的字符编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String fromCardNo = req.getParameter("fromCardNo");
String toCardNo = req.getParameter("toCardNo");
String moneyStr = req.getParameter("money");
int money = Integer.parseInt(moneyStr);
Result result = new Result();
try {
// 2. 调⽤service层⽅法
transferService.transfer(fromCardNo,toCardNo,money);
result.setStatus("200");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
result.setStatus("201");
result.setMessage(e.toString());
}
// 响应
resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
resp.getWriter().print(JsonUtils.object2Json(result));
}
}
- TransferService接⼝及实现类
package com.lagou.edu.service;
public interface TransferService {
void transfer(String fromCardNo,String toCardNo,int money) throws
Exception;
}
package com.lagou.edu.service.impl;
import com.lagou.edu.dao.AccountDao;
import com.lagou.edu.dao.impl.JdbcAccountDaoImpl;
import com.lagou.edu.pojo.Account;
import com.lagou.edu.service.TransferService;
public class TransferServiceImpl implements TransferService {
private AccountDao accountDao = new JdbcAccountDaoImpl();
@Override
public void transfer(String fromCardNo, String toCardNo, int money)
throws Exception {
Account from = accountDao.queryAccountByCardNo(fromCardNo);
Account to = accountDao.queryAccountByCardNo(toCardNo);
from.setMoney(from.getMoney()-money);
to.setMoney(to.getMoney()+money);
accountDao.updateAccountByCardNo(from);
accountDao.updateAccountByCardNo(to);
}
}
- AccountDao层接⼝及基于Jdbc的实现类
package com.lagou.edu.dao;
import com.lagou.edu.pojo.Account;
public interface AccountDao {
Account queryAccountByCardNo(String cardNo) throws Exception;
int updateAccountByCardNo(Account account) throws Exception;
}
- JdbcAccountDaoImpl(Jdbc技术实现Dao层接⼝)
package com.lagou.edu.dao.impl;
import com.lagou.edu.pojo.Account;
import com.lagou.edu.dao.AccountDao;
import com.lagou.edu.utils.DruidUtils;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
/**
* @author 应癫
*/
public class JdbcAccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
@Override
public Account queryAccountByCardNo(String cardNo) throws Exception {
//从连接池获取连接
Connection con = DruidUtils.getInstance().getConnection();
String sql = "select * from account where cardNo=?";
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = con.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setString(1,cardNo);
ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
Account account = new Account();
while(resultSet.next()) {
account.setCardNo(resultSet.getString("cardNo"));
account.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
account.setMoney(resultSet.getInt("money"));
}
resultSet.close();
preparedStatement.close();
con.close();
return account;
}
@Override
public int updateAccountByCardNo(Account account) throws Exception {
//从连接池获取连接
Connection con = DruidUtils.getInstance().getConnection();
String sql = "update account set money=? where cardNo=?";
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = con.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setInt(1,account.getMoney());
preparedStatement.setString(2,account.getCardNo());
int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
preparedStatement.close();
con.close();
return i;
}
}
转账案例代码问题分析
问题⼀:在上述案例实现中,service 层实现类在使⽤ dao 层对象时,直接在
TransferServiceImpl 中通过 AccountDao accountDao = new JdbcAccountDaoImpl() 获得了 dao层对象,然⽽⼀个 new 关键字却将 TransferServiceImpl 和 dao 层具体的⼀个实现类
JdbcAccountDaoImpl 耦合在了⼀起,如果说技术架构发⽣⼀些变动,dao 层的实现要使⽤其它技术,⽐如 Mybatis,思考切换起来的成本?每⼀个 new 的地⽅都需要修改源代码,重新编译,⾯向接⼝开发的意义将⼤打折扣?
问题二:service 层代码没有竟然还没有进⾏事务控制 ?!如果转账过程中出现异常,将可能导致数据库数据错乱,后果可能会很严重
问题解决思路
- **针对问题⼀思考:**实例化对象的⽅式除了 new 之外,还有什么技术?反射 (需要把类的全限定类名配置在xml中)
- 考虑使⽤设计模式中的⼯⼚模式解耦合,另外项⽬中往往有很多对象需要实例化,那就在⼯⼚中使⽤反射技术实例化对象,⼯⼚模式很合适
- 更进⼀步,代码中能否只声明所需实例的接⼝类型,不出现 new 也不出现⼯⼚类的字眼?如下,能!声明⼀个变量并提供 set ⽅法,在反射的时候将所需要的对象注⼊进去吧
public class TransferServiceImpl implements TransferService{
private AccountDao accountDao;
public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao){
this.accountDao = accountDao;
}
}
在resources下创建beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!--跟标签beans,里面配置一个又一个的bean子标签,每一个bean子标签都代表一个类的配置-->
<beans>
<!--id标识对象,class是类的全限定类名-->
<bean id="accountDao" class="com.lagou.edu.dao.impl.JdbcTemplateDaoImpl">
<property name="ConnectionUtils" ref="connectionUtils"/>
</bean>
<bean id="transferService" class="com.lagou.edu.service.impl.TransferServiceImpl">
<!--set+ name 之后锁定到传值的set方法了,通过反射技术可以调用该方法传入对应的值-->
<property name="AccountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
创建工厂类,解析beans.xml中的javabean,并通过反射创建实例化对象
package com.lagou.edu.factory;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author 应癫
*
* 工厂类,生产对象(使用反射技术)
*/
public class BeanFactory {
/**
* 任务一:读取解析xml,通过反射技术实例化对象并且存储待用(map集合)
* 任务二:对外提供获取实例对象的接口(根据id获取)
*/
private static Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>(); // 存储对象
static {
// 任务一:读取解析xml,通过反射技术实例化对象并且存储待用(map集合)
// 加载xml
InputStream resourceAsStream = BeanFactory.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("beans.xml");
// 解析xml
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
try {
Document document = saxReader.read(resourceAsStream);
Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();
List<Element> beanList = rootElement.selectNodes("//bean");
for (int i = 0; i < beanList.size(); i++) {
Element element = beanList.get(i);
// 处理每个bean元素,获取到该元素的id 和 class 属性
String id = element.attributeValue("id"); // accountDao
String clazz = element.attributeValue("class"); // com.lagou.edu.dao.impl.JdbcAccountDaoImpl
// 通过反射技术实例化对象
Class<?> aClass = Class.forName(clazz);
Object o = aClass.newInstance(); // 实例化之后的对象
// 存储到map中待用
map.put(id,o);
}
// 实例化完成之后维护对象的依赖关系,检查哪些对象需要传值进入,根据它的配置,我们传入相应的值
// 有property子元素的bean就有传值需求
List<Element> propertyList = rootElement.selectNodes("//property");
// 解析property,获取父元素
for (int i = 0; i < propertyList.size(); i++) {
Element element = propertyList.get(i); //<property name="AccountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
String name = element.attributeValue("name");
String ref = element.attributeValue("ref");
// 找到当前需要被处理依赖关系的bean
Element parent = element.getParent();
// 调用父元素对象的反射功能
String parentId = parent.attributeValue("id");
Object parentObject = map.get(parentId);
// 遍历父对象中的所有方法,找到"set" + name
Method[] methods = parentObject.getClass().getMethods();
for (int j = 0; j < methods.length; j++) {
Method method = methods[j];
if(method.getName().equalsIgnoreCase("set" + name)) { // 该方法就是 setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao)
method.invoke(parentObject,map.get(ref));
}
}
// 把处理之后的parentObject重新放到map中
map.put(parentId,parentObject);
}
} catch (DocumentException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 任务二:对外提供获取实例对象的接口(根据id获取)
public static Object getBean(String id) {
return map.get(id);
}
}
使用:
private ConnectionUtils connectionUtils;
public void setConnectionUtils(ConnectionUtils connectionUtils) {
this.connectionUtils = connectionUtils;
}
问题二
service 层没有添加事务控制,怎么办?没有事务就添加上事务控制,⼿动控制 JDBC 的Connection 事务,但要注意将Connection和当前线程绑定(即保证⼀个线程只有⼀个Connection,这样操作才针对的是同⼀个 Connection,进⽽控制的是同⼀个事务)
问题解决思路
Connection中的提交默认是自动提交的。AutoCommit默认为true。在上述的代码中两次的update使用的不是同一个Connection所以不属于一个事务控制。
案例代码改造
增加 ConnectionUtils
从连接池获取连接改造为从当前线程中获取绑定的connection连接,判断当前线程中是否已经绑定连接,如果没有绑定连接,需要从链接池中获取一个连接绑定到当前线程。
public class ConnectionUtils {
/*private ConnectionUtils() {
}
private static ConnectionUtils connectionUtils = new ConnectionUtils();
public static ConnectionUtils getInstance() {
return connectionUtils;
}*/
private ThreadLocal<Connection> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>(); // 存储当前线程的连接
/**
* 从当前线程获取连接
*/
public Connection getCurrentThreadConn() throws SQLException {
/**
* 判断当前线程中是否已经绑定连接,如果没有绑定,需要从连接池获取一个连接绑定到当前线程
*/
Connection connection = threadLocal.get();
if(connection == null) {
// 从连接池拿连接并绑定到线程
connection = DruidUtils.getInstance().getConnection();
// 绑定到当前线程
threadLocal.set(connection);
}
return connection;
}
}
增加 TransactionManager 事务管理器类
public class TransactionManager {
private ConnectionUtils connectionUtils;
public void setConnectionUtils(ConnectionUtils connectionUtils) {
this.connectionUtils = connectionUtils;
}
// 开启事务
public void beginTransaction() throws SQLException {
connectionUtils.getCurrentThreadConn().setAutoCommit(false);
}
// 提交事务
public void commit() throws SQLException {
connectionUtils.getCurrentThreadConn().commit();
}
// 回滚事务
public void rollback() throws SQLException {
connectionUtils.getCurrentThreadConn().rollback();
}
}
使用动态代理改造service事务管理
获取service层的代理对象
增加 ProxyFactory 代理工厂类
public class ProxyFactory {
private TransactionManager transactionManager;
public void setTransactionManager(TransactionManager transactionManager) {
this.transactionManager = transactionManager;
}
/*private ProxyFactory(){
}
private static ProxyFactory proxyFactory = new ProxyFactory();
public static ProxyFactory getInstance() {
return proxyFactory;
}*/
/**
* Jdk动态代理
* @param obj 委托对象
* @return 代理对象
*/
public Object getJdkProxy(Object obj) {
// 获取代理对象
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(obj.getClass().getClassLoader(), obj.getClass().getInterfaces(),
new InvocationHandler() {
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
Object result = null;
try{
// 开启事务(关闭事务的自动提交)
transactionManager.beginTransaction();
result = method.invoke(obj,args);
// 提交事务
transactionManager.commit();
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// 回滚事务
transactionManager.rollback();
// 抛出异常便于上层servlet捕获
throw e;
}
return result;
}
});
}
/**
* 使用cglib动态代理生成代理对象
* @param obj 委托对象
* @return
*/
public Object getCglibProxy(Object obj) {
return Enhancer.create(obj.getClass(), new MethodInterceptor() {
@Override
public Object intercept(Object o, Method method, Object[] objects, MethodProxy methodProxy) throws Throwable {
Object result = null;
try{
// 开启事务(关闭事务的自动提交)
transactionManager.beginTransaction();
result = method.invoke(obj,objects);
// 提交事务
transactionManager.commit();
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// 回滚事务
transactionManager.rollback();
// 抛出异常便于上层servlet捕获
throw e;
}
return result;
}
});
}
}
修改beans.xml
<!--配置新增的三个Bean-->
<bean id="connectionUtils"
class="com.lagou.edu.utils.ConnectionUtils"></bean>
<!--事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="com.lagou.edu.utils.TransactionManager">
<property name="ConnectionUtils" ref="connectionUtils"/>
</bean>
<!--代理对象⼯⼚-->
<bean id="proxyFactory" class="com.lagou.edu.factory.ProxyFactory">
<property name="TransactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
</bean>
修改Dao层实现方法
主要就是把之前方法的关闭连接注释掉,确保使用一个连接对象。
public class JdbcAccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
private ConnectionUtils connectionUtils;
public void setConnectionUtils(ConnectionUtils connectionUtils) {
this.connectionUtils = connectionUtils;
}
@Override
public Account queryAccountByCardNo(String cardNo) throws Exception {
//从连接池获取连接
// Connection con = DruidUtils.getInstance().getConnection();
Connection con = connectionUtils.getCurrentThreadConn();
String sql = "select * from account where cardNo=?";
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = con.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setString(1,cardNo);
ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();
Account account = new Account();
while(resultSet.next()) {
account.setCardNo(resultSet.getString("cardNo"));
account.setName(resultSet.getString("name"));
account.setMoney(resultSet.getInt("money"));
}
resultSet.close();
preparedStatement.close();
//con.close();
return account;
}
@Override
public int updateAccountByCardNo(Account account) throws Exception {
// 从连接池获取连接
// 改造为:从当前线程当中获取绑定的connection连接
//Connection con = DruidUtils.getInstance().getConnection();
Connection con = connectionUtils.getCurrentThreadConn();
String sql = "update account set money=? where cardNo=?";
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = con.prepareStatement(sql);
preparedStatement.setInt(1,account.getMoney());
preparedStatement.setString(2,account.getCardNo());
int i = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
preparedStatement.close();
//con.close();
return i;
}
}
修改 TransferServlet
@WebServlet(name="transferServlet",urlPatterns = "/transferServlet")
public class TransferServlet extends HttpServlet {
// 1. 实例化service层对象
//private TransferService transferService = new TransferServiceImpl();
//private TransferService transferService = (TransferService)
BeanFactory.getBean("transferService");
// 从⼯⼚获取委托对象(委托对象是增强了事务控制的功能)
// ⾸先从BeanFactory获取到proxyFactory代理⼯⼚的实例化对象
private ProxyFactory proxyFactory = (ProxyFactory)
BeanFactory.getBean("proxyFactory");
private TransferService transferService = (TransferService)
proxyFactory.getJdkProxy(BeanFactory.getBean("transferService")) ;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req,resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse
resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 设置请求体的字符编码
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String fromCardNo = req.getParameter("fromCardNo");
String toCardNo = req.getParameter("toCardNo");
String moneyStr = req.getParameter("money");
int money = Integer.parseInt(moneyStr);
Result result = new Result();
try {
// 2. 调⽤service层⽅法
transferService.transfer(fromCardNo,toCardNo,money);
result.setStatus("200");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
result.setStatus("201");
result.setMessage(e.toString());
}
// 响应
resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
resp.getWriter().print(JsonUtils.object2Json(result));
}
}