条件变量:条件为假时阻塞线程并释放锁;或无条件阻塞
只有被notify了才判断条件是否变为真就唤醒线程;或无条件唤醒
相关成员函数:wait, wait_for, notify_one, notify_all
wait函数示例:
#include<iostream>
#include<thread>
#include<mutex>
#include<atomic>
#include<condition_variable>
using namespace std;
mutex mu;
condition_variable con;
int global=0;
inline bool global_not_zero(){
return global!=0;
}
void fun(int n){
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
unique_lock<mutex> lck(mu);
con.wait(lck, global_not_zero); //global为零,阻塞
printf("thread %d\n",global);
global=0;
}
}
int main()
{
cout<<"hello world!"<<endl;
thread t1(fun, 10);
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
while(global_not_zero()) this_thread::yield(); //global不为零,让出时间片
global = i+1;
unique_lock<mutex> my_lck(mu); //如果没有这一行会导致死循环,想想为什么(如果在条件变量即将要阻塞子线程前global=i+1并notify了,那么子线程就错过了被notify然后被阻塞就永远等不到notify了因为主线程进入了while循环而且条件永为真,所以notify前要要加锁保证子线程已经被阻塞)
con.notify_all();
printf("main %d\n",global);
}
t1.join();
return 0;
}
wait_for函数示例:
#include<iostream>
#include<thread>
#include<mutex>
#include<condition_variable>
#include<chrono>
using namespace std;
condition_variable cv;
int global_v;
void read(){
cin>>global_v;
cv.notify_one(); //通知一个线程
}
int main()
{
cout<<"Please enter a number: "<<endl;
thread t(read);
//如果没有锁和条件变量,主线程在子线程输入之前就可能打印global_v,因为多线程并行
mutex mu;
unique_lock<mutex> lck(mu);
while(cv.wait_for(lck, chrono::seconds(5))==cv_status::timeout){
//通知或超时都会解锁,超时解锁返回timeout,未超时解锁返回no_timeout
cout<<"5 secs passed..."<<endl;
}
cout<<"you entered "<<global_v<<endl;
t.join();
return 0;
}
参考:C++多线程详解(全网最全) - 知乎 (zhihu.com)