Ansible中的facts（事实）定义

1、事实包含的内容

主机名称、内核版本、网络接口、IP地址等

2、事实查看

2.1 命令行中可用 ansible localhost -m setup 对localhost主机的事实进行查看，

##显示当前主机事实
ansible localhost -m setup
localhost | SUCCESS => {              ##事实结果
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
            "172.25.254.100", 
            "192.168.122.1"
        ], 
        "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
            "fe80::20c:29ff:fed8:6f74"
        ], 
        "ansible_apparmor": {
            "status": "disabled"
        }, 
        "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", 
        "ansible_bios_date": "07/29/2019", 
        "ansible_bios_version": "6.00", 
....

2.2 playbook中可用变量（ansible_facts）的方式进行查看

#编写事实查看
  1 ---
  2 - name: Fact
  3   hosts: all
  4   tasks:
  5     - name: show fact
  6       debug:
  7         var: ansible_facts   ##ansible_fatcs 可以查看定义主机的事实

#用playbook直接调用剧本即可
[root@contral fact]# ansible-playbook fact.yml 

PLAY [Fact] ***************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************
ok: [servera.linux.com]

TASK [show fact]              ##显示事实内容
**********************************************************************
ok: [servera.linux.com] => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "_facts_gathered": true, 
        "all_ipv4_addresses": [
            "172.25.254.200", 
            "192.168.122.1"
        ], 
.....

3、事实调用

根据事实变量查看所拥有的事实，此时查看的事实是以JSON格式显示的，在调用时可以使用字典的方式进行调用，

##编写剧本 
  1 ---
  2 - name: Fact
  3   hosts: all
  4   tasks:
  5     - name: show fact
  6       debug:
  7         var: ansible_facts
  8 - hosts: all
  9   tasks:
 10     - name: Print ansible facts
 11       debug:
 12         msg: 
 13             The IPV4 address of {{ ansible_facts.fqdn }}   ##以字典变量的方式调用
 14             is {{ ansible_facts.all_ipv4_addresses }}


##调用结果   
PLAY [all] ****************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************
ok: [servera.linux.com]

TASK [Print ansible facts]          ##debug结果
************************************************************
ok: [servera.linux.com] => {
    "msg": "The IPV4 address of servera.linux.com is [u'172.25.254.200', u'192.168.122.1']"
}

                                                           

4、魔法变量

常见魔法变量：

       hostvars：包含受管主机的变量，可以用于获取另一台受管主机的变量的值

       group_names：列出当前受管主机所属的所有组

       groups：列出清单中的所有组和主机

       inventory_hostname：包含清单中配置的当前受管主机的主机名称

##列出清单中配置的当前变量的名称
  1 ---
  2 - name: Fact
  3   hosts: all
  4   tasks:
  5     - name: show fact
  6       debug:
  7         var: inventory_hostname

##剧本调用
[root@contral fact]# ansible-playbook fact.yml 

PLAY [Fact] ***************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] ****************************************************************
ok: [servera.linux.com]

TASK [show fact] **********************************************************************
ok: [servera.linux.com] => {
    "inventory_hostname": "servera.linux.com"
}

5、编写自定义事实

自定义事实有两种：INI格式和JSON格式；其中INI格式更方便人的阅读，JSON格式更方便机器的阅读

##INI格式
[packages]
web_pkg = httpd
db_pkg = mariadb-server

[users]
user1 = wondoes
user2 = linux


##JSON格式
{
	"packages":{
		"web_packages":"httpd",
		"db_packages":"mariadb"  
	},
	"users":{
		"user1":"linux",
		"user2":"redhat"  
	}  
}

定义事实时编写的事实文件必须以.fact结尾，自定义事实的使用和普通事实的使用方式是相同的。

6、关闭事实收集

事实的收集会浪费运行时间，在某些情况下，我们并没有用到事实变量，所以此时可以关闭事实的收集，以提高效率。

关键字：gather_facts:no

##关闭事实收集
  1 ---
  2 - name: Configure User
  3   hosts: servera.linux.com
  4   gather_facts: no              ##no关闭
  5   tasks:
  6     - name: Linux user
  7       user:
  8         name: linux
  9         uid: 1000
 10         state: present
 11 ...

剧本结果：

[root@contral fact]# ansible-playbook user.yml 

PLAY [Configure User] *****************************************************************

##这里没有事实收集的过程，直接进行任务

TASK [Linux user] *********************************************************************
ok: [servera.linux.com]

PLAY RECAP ****************************************************************************
servera.linux.com          : ok=1    changed=0    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0   

7、事实示例

事实文件：test.fact

##编写事实文件：test.fact 
  1 [webserver]
  2 package = httpd
  3 service = httpd
  4 state = started
  5 enabled = true

编写playbook进行调用（这里虽然代码看起来过于冗余，但复用性很高）

##编写主playbook，安装并启动Apache服务  
  1 ---
  2 - name: Install Apache and starts
  3   hosts: web
  4   tasks:
  5     - name: Install Packages
  6       yum:
  7        name: "{{ ansible_facts['ansible_local']['test']['webserver']['package'] }}"
  8        state: latest
  9     - name:
 10       service:
 11         name: "{{ ansible_facts['ansible_local']['test']['webserver']['service'] }}    "
 12         state: "{{ ansible_facts['ansible_local']['test']['webserver']['state'] }}"
 13         enabled: "{{ ansible_facts['ansible_local']['test']['webserver']['enabled']     }}"
                                         

对执行结果进行检测：

##结果检测
[root@contral fact]# ansible servera.linux.com -m command -a "systemctl status httpd"
servera.linux.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-04-11 19:07:02 CST; 14h ago
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
  Process: 43260 ExecReload=/usr/sbin/httpd $OPTIONS -k graceful (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
....