声音合成器 1 基本噪音

视频：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV14z4y1r7wX?p=6

代码：https://github.com/OneLoneCoder/synth

 

一、准备工作

1.创建空工程，设置工程属性。链接器--输入--附加依赖项中添加winmm.lib;

 

2.在项目中添加头文件：olcNoiseMaker.h

https://github.com/OneLoneCoder/synth/blob/master/olcNoiseMaker.h

/* 
	OneLoneCoder.com - Simple Audio Noisy Thing
	"Allows you to simply listen to that waveform!" - @Javidx9
	License
	~~~~~~~
	Copyright (C) 2018  Javidx9
	This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
	This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
	under certain conditions; See license for details. 
	Original works located at:
	https://www.github.com/onelonecoder
	https://www.onelonecoder.com
	https://www.youtube.com/javidx9
	GNU GPLv3
	https://github.com/OneLoneCoder/videos/blob/master/LICENSE
	From Javidx9 :)
	~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
	Hello! Ultimately I don't care what you use this for. It's intended to be 
	educational, and perhaps to the oddly minded - a little bit of fun. 
	Please hack this, change it and use it in any way you see fit. You acknowledge 
	that I am not responsible for anything bad that happens as a result of 
	your actions. However this code is protected by GNU GPLv3, see the license in the
	github repo. This means you must attribute me if you use it. You can view this
	license here: https://github.com/OneLoneCoder/videos/blob/master/LICENSE
	Cheers!
	Author
	~~~~~~
	Twitter: @javidx9
	Blog: www.onelonecoder.com
	Versions
	~~~~~~~~
	1.0 - 14/01/17
	- Controls audio output hardware behind the scenes so you can just focus
	  on creating and listening to interesting waveforms.
	- Currently MS Windows only
	Documentation
	~~~~~~~~~~~~~
	See video: https://youtu.be/tgamhuQnOkM
	This will improve as it grows!
*/


#pragma once

#pragma comment(lib, "winmm.lib")

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
#include <condition_variable>
using namespace std;

#include <Windows.h>

const double PI = 2.0 * acos(0.0);

template<class T>
class olcNoiseMaker
{
public:
	olcNoiseMaker(wstring sOutputDevice, unsigned int nSampleRate = 44100, unsigned int nChannels = 1, unsigned int nBlocks = 8, unsigned int nBlockSamples = 512)
	{
		Create(sOutputDevice, nSampleRate, nChannels, nBlocks, nBlockSamples);
	}

	~olcNoiseMaker()
	{
		Destroy();
	}

	bool Create(wstring sOutputDevice, unsigned int nSampleRate = 44100, unsigned int nChannels = 1, unsigned int nBlocks = 8, unsigned int nBlockSamples = 512)
	{
		m_bReady = false;
		m_nSampleRate = nSampleRate;
		m_nChannels = nChannels;
		m_nBlockCount = nBlocks;
		m_nBlockSamples = nBlockSamples;
		m_nBlockFree = m_nBlockCount;
		m_nBlockCurrent = 0;
		m_pBlockMemory = nullptr;
		m_pWaveHeaders = nullptr;

		m_userFunction = nullptr;

		// Validate device
		vector<wstring> devices = Enumerate();
		auto d = std::find(devices.begin(), devices.end(), sOutputDevice);
		if (d != devices.end())
		{
			// Device is available
			int nDeviceID = distance(devices.begin(), d);
			WAVEFORMATEX waveFormat;
			waveFormat.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
			waveFormat.nSamplesPerSec = m_nSampleRate;
			waveFormat.wBitsPerSample = sizeof(T) * 8;
			waveFormat.nChannels = m_nChannels;
			waveFormat.nBlockAlign = (waveFormat.wBitsPerSample / 8) * waveFormat.nChannels;
			waveFormat.nAvgBytesPerSec = waveFormat.nSamplesPerSec * waveFormat.nBlockAlign;
			waveFormat.cbSize = 0;

			// Open Device if valid
			if (waveOutOpen(&m_hwDevice, nDeviceID, &waveFormat, (DWORD_PTR)waveOutProcWrap, (DWORD_PTR)this, CALLBACK_FUNCTION) != S_OK)
				return Destroy();
		}

		// Allocate Wave|Block Memory
		m_pBlockMemory = new T[m_nBlockCount * m_nBlockSamples];
		if (m_pBlockMemory == nullptr)
			return Destroy();
		ZeroMemory(m_pBlockMemory, sizeof(T) * m_nBlockCount * m_nBlockSamples);

		m_pWaveHeaders = new WAVEHDR[m_nBlockCount];
		if (m_pWaveHeaders == nullptr)
			return Destroy();
		ZeroMemory(m_pWaveHeaders, sizeof(WAVEHDR) * m_nBlockCount);

		// Link headers to block memory
		for (unsigned int n = 0; n < m_nBlockCount; n++)
		{
			m_pWaveHeaders[n].dwBufferLength = m_nBlockSamples * sizeof(T);
			m_pWaveHeaders[n].lpData = (LPSTR)(m_pBlockMemory + (n * m_nBlockSamples));
		}

		m_bReady = true;

		m_thread = thread(&olcNoiseMaker::MainThread, this);

		// Start the ball rolling
		unique_lock<mutex> lm(m_muxBlockNotZero);
		m_cvBlockNotZero.notify_one();

		return true;
	}

	bool Destroy()
	{
		return false;
	}

	void Stop()
	{
		m_bReady = false;
		m_thread.join();
	}

	// Override to process current sample
	virtual double UserProcess(double dTime)
	{
		return 0.0;
	}

	double GetTime()
	{
		return m_dGlobalTime;
	}

	

public:
	static vector<wstring> Enumerate()
	{
		int nDeviceCount = waveOutGetNumDevs();
		vector<wstring> sDevices;
		WAVEOUTCAPS woc;
		for (int n = 0; n < nDeviceCount; n++)
			if (waveOutGetDevCaps(n, &woc, sizeof(WAVEOUTCAPS)) == S_OK)
				sDevices.push_back(woc.szPname);
		return sDevices;
	}

	void SetUserFunction(double(*func)(double))
	{
		m_userFunction = func;
	}

	double clip(double dSample, double dMax)
	{
		if (dSample >= 0.0)
			return fmin(dSample, dMax);
		else
			return fmax(dSample, -dMax);
	}


private:
	double(*m_userFunction)(double);

	unsigned int m_nSampleRate;
	unsigned int m_nChannels;
	unsigned int m_nBlockCount;
	unsigned int m_nBlockSamples;
	unsigned int m_nBlockCurrent;

	T* m_pBlockMemory;
	WAVEHDR *m_pWaveHeaders;
	HWAVEOUT m_hwDevice;

	thread m_thread;
	atomic<bool> m_bReady;
	atomic<unsigned int> m_nBlockFree;
	condition_variable m_cvBlockNotZero;
	mutex m_muxBlockNotZero;

	atomic<double> m_dGlobalTime;

	// Handler for soundcard request for more data
	void waveOutProc(HWAVEOUT hWaveOut, UINT uMsg, DWORD dwParam1, DWORD dwParam2)
	{
		if (uMsg != WOM_DONE) return;

		m_nBlockFree++;
		unique_lock<mutex> lm(m_muxBlockNotZero);
		m_cvBlockNotZero.notify_one();
	}

	// Static wrapper for sound card handler
	static void CALLBACK waveOutProcWrap(HWAVEOUT hWaveOut, UINT uMsg, DWORD dwInstance, DWORD dwParam1, DWORD dwParam2)
	{
		((olcNoiseMaker*)dwInstance)->waveOutProc(hWaveOut, uMsg, dwParam1, dwParam2);
	}

	// Main thread. This loop responds to requests from the soundcard to fill 'blocks'
	// with audio data. If no requests are available it goes dormant until the sound
	// card is ready for more data. The block is fille by the "user" in some manner
	// and then issued to the soundcard.
	void MainThread()
	{
		m_dGlobalTime = 0.0;
		double dTimeStep = 1.0 / (double)m_nSampleRate;

		// Goofy hack to get maximum integer for a type at run-time
		T nMaxSample = (T)pow(2, (sizeof(T) * 8) - 1) - 1;
		double dMaxSample = (double)nMaxSample;
		T nPreviousSample = 0;

		while (m_bReady)
		{
			// Wait for block to become available
			if (m_nBlockFree == 0)
			{
				unique_lock<mutex> lm(m_muxBlockNotZero);
				m_cvBlockNotZero.wait(lm);
			}

			// Block is here, so use it
			m_nBlockFree--;

			// Prepare block for processing
			if (m_pWaveHeaders[m_nBlockCurrent].dwFlags & WHDR_PREPARED)
				waveOutUnprepareHeader(m_hwDevice, &m_pWaveHeaders[m_nBlockCurrent], sizeof(WAVEHDR));

			T nNewSample = 0;
			int nCurrentBlock = m_nBlockCurrent * m_nBlockSamples;
			
			for (unsigned int n = 0; n < m_nBlockSamples; n++)
			{
				// User Process
				if (m_userFunction == nullptr)
					nNewSample = (T)(clip(UserProcess(m_dGlobalTime), 1.0) * dMaxSample);
				else
					nNewSample = (T)(clip(m_userFunction(m_dGlobalTime), 1.0) * dMaxSample);

				m_pBlockMemory[nCurrentBlock + n] = nNewSample;
				nPreviousSample = nNewSample;
				m_dGlobalTime = m_dGlobalTime + dTimeStep;
			}

			// Send block to sound device
			waveOutPrepareHeader(m_hwDevice, &m_pWaveHeaders[m_nBlockCurrent], sizeof(WAVEHDR));
			waveOutWrite(m_hwDevice, &m_pWaveHeaders[m_nBlockCurrent], sizeof(WAVEHDR));
			m_nBlockCurrent++;
			m_nBlockCurrent %= m_nBlockCount;
		}
	}
};

 

二、开始制造噪音

这里有一些和声音采样有关的知识，当然不知道也不影响继续。

2.1 声音测试（建议把声音先调低点，运行后应该听到呜呜的噪声）

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#include "olcNoiseMaker.h"

double MakeNoise(double dTime)
{
	return 0.5*sin(440.0 * 2 * 3.14159*dTime); //声音的频率440hz
}

int main()
{
	// Shameless self-promotion
	wcout << "www.OneLoneCoder.com - Synthesizer Part 1" << endl 
		<< "Single Sine Wave Oscillator, No Polyphony" << endl << endl;

	// Get all sound hardware
	vector<wstring> devices = olcNoiseMaker<short>::Enumerate();

	// Display findings
	for (auto d : devices) wcout << "Found Output Device: " << d << endl;
	wcout << "Using Device: " << devices[0] << endl;
	//创建声音机器
	olcNoiseMaker<short> sound(devices[0], 44100, 1, 8, 512); //44100~奈奎斯特采样（记录的最高频率2倍），

	sound.SetUserFunction(MakeNoise);

	while (1)
	{

	}
	return 0;
}

2.2  控制声音

通过按键‘a’更改频率，来改变声音。

atomic<double> dFreequencyOutput = 0.0; //原子类，用来保证多进程同步

double MakeNoise(double dTime)
{
    //方波
	double dOutput = 1.0*sin(dFreequencyOutput * 2 * 3.14159*dTime);
	if (dOutput > 0.0)
		return 0.2;
	else
		return -0.2;
}


while (1)
	{
		//按键响应'a'
		if (GetAsyncKeyState('A') & 0x8000)
		{
			dFreequencyOutput = 440.0;
		}
		else 
		{
			dFreequencyOutput = 0;

		}

	}

更准确一些可以将一个基本音分为12个组...

double dOctaveBaseFrequency = 110.0; // A2		// frequency of octave represented by keyboard
	double d12thRootOf2 = pow(2.0, 1.0 / 12.0);		// assuming western 12 notes per ocatve
	while (1)
	{
		//按键响应'a'
		if (GetAsyncKeyState('A') & 0x8000)
		{
			dFreequencyOutput = dOctaveBaseFrequency * pow(d12thRootOf2,12);
		}
		else 
		{
			dFreequencyOutput = 0;

		}

	}

然后利用16个键来控制不同的调。

		bool bKeyPressed = false;
		for (int k = 0; k < 15; k++)
		{
			if (GetAsyncKeyState((unsigned char)("ZSXCFVGBNJMK\xbcL\xbe\xbf"[k])) & 0x8000)
			{
				dFreequencyOutput = dOctaveBaseFrequency * pow(d12thRootOf2, k);
				bKeyPressed = true;
			}
		}
		
		if(!bKeyPressed)
		{
			dFreequencyOutput = 0.0;
		}

2.3 完整代码，最后说的和弦没有做出来

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#include "olcNoiseMaker.h"

atomic<double> dFreequencyOutput = 0.0; //原子类，用来保证多进程同步

double MakeNoise(double dTime)
{
	//方波
	double dOutput = 1.0*sin(dFreequencyOutput * 2 * 3.14159*dTime);
	if (dOutput > 0.0)
		return 0.2;
	else
		return -0.2;
}

int main()
{
	// Shameless self-promotion
	wcout << "www.OneLoneCoder.com - Synthesizer Part 1" << endl 
		<< "Single Sine Wave Oscillator, No Polyphony" << endl << endl;

	// Get all sound hardware
	vector<wstring> devices = olcNoiseMaker<short>::Enumerate();

	// Display findings
	for (auto d : devices) wcout << "Found Output Device: " << d << endl;
	wcout << "Using Device: " << devices[0] << endl;
	//创建声音机器
	olcNoiseMaker<short> sound(devices[0], 44100, 1, 8, 512); //44100~奈奎斯特采样（记录的最高频率2倍），

	sound.SetUserFunction(MakeNoise);
	double dOctaveBaseFrequency = 110.0; // A2		// frequency of octave represented by keyboard
	double d12thRootOf2 = pow(2.0, 1.0 / 12.0);		// assuming western 12 notes per ocatve
	while (1)
	{
		bool bKeyPressed = false;
		for (int k = 0; k < 15; k++)
		{
			if (GetAsyncKeyState((unsigned char)("ZSXCFVGBNJMK\xbcL\xbe\xbf"[k])) & 0x8000)
			{
				dFreequencyOutput = dOctaveBaseFrequency * pow(d12thRootOf2, k);
				bKeyPressed = true;
			}
		}
		
		if(!bKeyPressed)
		{
			dFreequencyOutput = 0.0;
		}

	}
	return 0;
}