CentOS 7 shell脚本安装MySQL 8.0.20

数据库安装主要有以下安装方式：

1. rpm和yum安装方式特点：安装速度快，但很多东西不能修改，如路径，功能不能定制
2. 编译安装：安装慢，但可以修改很多东西，如路径，功能定制
3. 二进制安装：安装快且可以定制某些东西

本文提供一个安装脚本，以二进制安装方式安装MySQL 8.0.20

#!/bin/bash
#
# 安装MySQL
# 版权2024 JackC

# 定义 MySQL 版本和安装目录
while true; do
  read -p "Please Input MySQL Port: " -r MYSQL_PORT
  if [ -n "$MYSQL_PORT" ]; then
    break
  fi
done
while true; do
  read -p "Please Input MySQLX Port: " -r MYSQLX_PORT
  if [ -n "$MYSQLX_PORT" ]; then
    break
  fi
done

# 是否设置环境变量
read -p "Are You Want Set MySQL Bin Log to System Environment?(0/1): " -r SET_ENVIRONMENT
if [ -z "$SET_ENVIRONMENT" ]; then
  SET_ENVIRONMENT=0
elif [ "$SET_ENVIRONMENT" -eq 1 ]; then
  SET_ENVIRONMENT=1
fi
MYSQL_VERSION="8.0.20"
MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR="/usr/local/mysql-${MYSQL_PORT}"
MYSQL_DATA_DIR="/data/mysql-${MYSQL_PORT}"
MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE="${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/my.cnf"
MYSQL_LOG_DIR="/var/log/mysql-${MYSQL_PORT}"
MYSQL_SERVICE_FILE="/etc/systemd/system/mysql-${MYSQL_PORT}.service"
# 新的MySQL下载路径
MYSQL_DOWNLOAD_PATH="https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file"

closeFirewall() {
  # 关闭firewalld防火墙服务，并且设置开机不要启动
  systemctl stop iptables
  systemctl disable iptables
  systemctl stop firewalld
  systemctl disable firewalld

  # 临时关闭selinux
  setenforce 0
  # 永久关闭selinux
  sed -i '/^SELINUX=/ s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
}

echoMySQLInfo() {
  echo -e "\n\n"
  echo "====================================================================================="
  echo "MySQL version is ${MYSQL_VERSION}"
  echo "MySQL port is ${MYSQL_PORT}"
  echo "MySQLx port is ${MYSQLX_PORT}"
  echo "MySQL basedir is ${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}"
  echo "MySQL datadir is ${MYSQL_DATA_DIR}"
  echo "MySQL logdir is ${MYSQL_LOG_DIR}"
  echo "MySQL config file is ${MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE}"
  echo "MySQL systemd service is ${MYSQL_SERVICE_FILE}"
  echo "====================================================================================="
  echo -e "\n\n"
}

buildEnvironment() {
  # 检查用户和用户组是否存在，如果不存在则创建
  if id "mysql" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "User exists"
  else
    echo "User does not exist, creating now."
    groupadd mysql
    useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
  fi

  # 检查目录是否存在，如果不存在则创建
  local dir
  for dir in ${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR} ${MYSQL_DATA_DIR} ${MYSQL_LOG_DIR}; do
    if [ -d "$dir" ]; then
      echo "$dir exists. remove it first!"
      exit 1 # 这里直接报错，不然会影响到其他软件
      # rm -rf "$dir"
    else
      echo "$dir does not exist, creating now."
      mkdir -p "$dir"
      chown -R mysql.mysql "$dir"
    fi
  done
}

downloadMySQLFile() {
  # 下载 MySQL 二进制包
  if [ -f mysql-${MYSQL_VERSION}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz ]; then
    echo "mysql-${MYSQL_VERSION}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz file exists"
  else
    wget ${MYSQL_DOWNLOAD_PATH}/mysql-${MYSQL_VERSION}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
  fi

  # 解压缩二进制包
  echo "tar Jxf mysql-${MYSQL_VERSION}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C ${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR} --strip-components=1"
  if ! tar Jxf mysql-${MYSQL_VERSION}-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C "${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}" --strip-components=1; then
    echo "The tar command failed."
    exit
  fi
}

setProfile() {
  if [ ! "$SET_ENVIRONMENT" -eq 0 ]; then
    export PATH=${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/bin/:$PATH
    # 重新启动linux系统后也生效，永久修改
    echo "echo 'export PATH=\"'${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}'/bin:\$PATH\"' >> /etc/profile"
    echo "export PATH=${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/bin:\$PATH" >>/etc/profile
  fi
}

createMySQLConf() {
  # 创建 my.cnf 文件
  cat <<EOF >"${MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE}"
[mysqld]
log-bin=${MYSQL_LOG_DIR}/mysql_bin.log
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=${MYSQL_PORT}
mysqlx_port=${MYSQLX_PORT}
log_error=${MYSQL_LOG_DIR}/error.log
character-set-server=utf8mb4
max_connections=1000
server-id=${MYSQL_PORT}

basedir=${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}
datadir=${MYSQL_DATA_DIR}
pid-file=${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/mysql.pid
socket=${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/mysql.sock
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file=/${MYSQL_LOG_DIR}/mysql_slow.log

[client] 
port=${MYSQL_PORT}
socket=${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/mysql.sock

EOF
}

initMySQL() {
  # 初始化数据目录
  echo -e "\n\n${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=${MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE} --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR} --datadir=${MYSQL_DATA_DIR}\n\n"
  "${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/bin/mysqld" --defaults-file="${MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE}" --initialize-insecure --basedir="${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}" --datadir="${MYSQL_DATA_DIR}" --user=mysql
}

createMySQLService() {
  # 创建 MySQL 服务单位文件
  cat <<EOF >"${MYSQL_SERVICE_FILE}"
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=${MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE} --user=mysql --basedir=${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR} --datadir=${MYSQL_DATA_DIR} --socket=${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/mysql.sock
ExecStop=${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/bin/mysqladmin -S ${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/mysql.sock shutdown
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
}

startMySQL() {
  # 重新加载 systemd 配置
  systemctl daemon-reload

  # 启动 MySQL 服务
  systemctl start "mysql-${MYSQL_PORT}"

  # 检查 MySQL 服务状态
  systemctl status "mysql-${MYSQL_PORT}"
}

createUser() {
  # 创建用户
  echo "${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/bin/mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P${MYSQL_PORT} -e \"CREATE USER root@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@'%';FLUSH PRIVILEGES;\""
  "${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/bin/mysql" -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P"${MYSQL_PORT}" -e "CREATE USER root@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO root@'%';FLUSH PRIVILEGES;"

  echo -e "\n\n"
  echo "====================================================================================="
  echo "create user root@'%' with password 123456"
  echo "IF you want delete install, you can execute follow command"
  echo -e "\n"
  echo "systemctl stop mysql-${MYSQL_PORT}"
  echo "rm -rf ${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR} ${MYSQL_DATA_DIR} ${MYSQL_LOG_DIR} ${MYSQL_SERVICE_FILE} "
  echo -e "\n"
  echo "Or you can run follow script file: ${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/uninstall.sh"
  cat <<EOF >"${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/uninstall.sh"
#!/bin/bash
systemctl stop mysql-${MYSQL_PORT}

rm -rf ${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR} ${MYSQL_DATA_DIR} ${MYSQL_LOG_DIR} ${MYSQL_SERVICE_FILE}
EOF
  chmod +x "${MYSQL_INSTALL_DIR}/uninstall.sh"
  echo "====================================================================================="
  echo -e "\n\n"
}

function main() {
  closeFirewall
  echoMySQLInfo
  buildEnvironment
  downloadMySQLFile
  setProfile
  createMySQLConf
  initMySQL
  createMySQLService
  startMySQL
  createUser
}

main "$@"