有这样一个需求:星巴克咖啡订单项目
- 主成分——咖啡:Espresso(意大利浓咖啡)、DarkRoast、HouseBlend、Decaf(无因咖啡)
- 装饰者——调料:Milk、Soy(豆浆)、Whip、Mocha
1. 装饰器模式
(1)装饰器模式类图
(2)应用到此订单系统上
2. 代码实现
- 抽象类Beverage:抽象的饮料类
public interface Beverage {
String description = "Unknown Beverage";
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public abstract BigDecimal cost();
}
- 主成分类:各种咖啡 extends Beverage
public class DarkRoast implements Beverage { //深焙咖啡类
public DarkRoast() {
description = "DarkRoast";
}
@Override
public BigDecimal cost() {
return new BigDecimal("3.00");
}
}
public class Decaf implements Beverage { //低咖啡因咖啡类
public Decaf() {
description = "Decaf";
}
@Override
public BigDecimal cost() {
return new BigDecimal("4.00");
}
}
public class Espresso implements Beverage { //浓缩咖啡类
public Espresso() {
description = "Espresso";
}
@Override
public BigDecimal cost() {
return new BigDecimal("2.00");
}
}
- 装饰者抽象类CondimentDecorator:抽象的调料
public abstract class CondimentDecorator implements Beverage {
public abstract String getDescription();
}
- 装饰者类:各种调料 extends CondimentDecorator(这里以Mocha和Soy为例)
public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
Beverage beverage; //用一个实例变量记录饮料,也就是被装饰者
public Mocha(Beverage beverage) { //构造器初始化饮料变量
this.beverage = beverage;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() { //在原来饮料的基础上添加上Mocha描述(原来的饮料加入Mocha调料,被Mocha调料装饰)
return beverage.getDescription() + ",Mocha";
}
@Override
public BigDecimal cost() { //在原来饮料的基础上加上Mocha的价格(原来的饮料加入Mocha调料,被Mocha调料装饰)
return new BigDecimal("0.2").add(beverage.cost());
}
}
public class Soy extends CondimentDecorator {
Beverage beverage; //用一个实例变量记录饮料,也就是被装饰者
public Soy(Beverage beverage) { //构造器初始化饮料变量
this.beverage = beverage;
}
@Override
public String getDescription() { //在原来饮料的基础上添加上Soy描述(原来的饮料加入Soy调料,被Soy调料装饰)
return beverage.getDescription() + ",Soy";
}
@Override
public BigDecimal cost() { //在原来饮料的基础上加上Soy的价格(原来的饮料加入Soy调料,被Soy调料装饰)
return new BigDecimal("0.3").add(beverage.cost());
}
}
- 咖啡馆(模拟顾客下单)
public class StarbuzzCoffee {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//订一杯Espresso(2.00),不需要调料,打印出它的描述与价钱。
Beverage beverage = new Espresso();
System.out.println("Description: " + beverage.getDescription() + " $" + beverage.cost());
//制造出一个DarkRoast(3.00)对象,用Mocha(0.2)装饰它,用第二个Mocha(0.2)装饰它,用Whip(0.4)装饰它,打印出它的描述与价钱。
Beverage beverage2 = new DarkRoast();
beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
beverage2 = new Mocha(beverage2);
beverage2 = new Whip(beverage2);
System.out.println("Description: " + beverage2.getDescription() + " $" + beverage2.cost());
//再来一杯调料为豆浆(Soy 0.3)、摩卡(Mocha 0.2)、奶泡(Whip 0.4)的Decaf(低咖啡因咖啡 4.00),打印出它的描述与价钱。
Beverage beverage3 = new Decaf();
beverage3 = new Soy(beverage3);
beverage3 = new Mocha(beverage3);
beverage3 = new Whip(beverage3);
System.out.println("Description: " + beverage3.getDescription() + " $" + beverage3.cost());
}
}
3. 分析
- 特点:装饰者接口继承主成分类,同时装饰者实现类聚合主成分类
- 优点:装饰类和被装饰类可以独立发展,不会相互耦合,装饰模式是继承的一个替代模式,装饰模式可以动态扩展一个实现类的功能
- 缺点:多层装饰比较复杂