【数据访问】整合springdata JPA

Spring Data简介

spring data项目的目的是为了简化构建基于spring框架应用的数据访问技术，包括非关系数据库、Map-Reduce框架、云数据服务等，另外也包含对关系数据库的访问支持。

Spring Data特点

spring data为我们提供使用统一的API来对数据访问层进行操作，这主要是Spring Data Commons项目来实现的。Spring Data Commons让我们在使用关系型或者非关系型数据访问技术时都基于spring提供统一标准，标准包含了CRUD、排序和分页的相关操作。

整合SpringData JPA

JPA：ORM（Object Relational Mapping）
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.qublog</groupId>
    <artifactId>springboot06_data_jpa</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>springboot06_data_jpa</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>8.0.12</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

application.yml

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.30.128:3306/jpa?serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      # update更新或者创建数据表
      ddl-auto: update
    # 在控制台显示sql
    show-sql: true

编写一个实体类（bean）和数据表进行映射，并且配置好映射关系：
User类：

package com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;

//配置映射关系，使用JPA注解
@Entity //告诉JPA这是一个实体类（和数据表映射的类）
@Table(name = "tbl_user") //@Table来指定和哪个数据表对应，如果省略默认表名就是user
public class User {

    @Id //这是一个主键
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) //自增
    private Integer id;

    @Column(name = "last_name", length = 50) //这是和数据表对应的列
    private String lastName;

    @Column //省略默认列名就是属性名
    private String email;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }
}

编写一个Dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表：
UserRepository类：

package com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.repository;

import com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

//继承JpaRepository来完成对数据库的操作
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}

UserController类：

package com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.controller;

import com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.entity.User;
import com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    UserRepository userRepository;

    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    public User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        User user = userRepository.findById(id).get();
        return user;
    }

    @GetMapping("/user")
    public User insertUser(User user) {
        User save = userRepository.save(user);
        return save;
    }

}

Springboot06DataJpaApplication类：

package com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Springboot06DataJpaApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Springboot06DataJpaApplication.class, args);
    }

}