Spring Data简介
spring data项目的目的是为了简化构建基于spring框架应用的数据访问技术,包括非关系数据库、Map-Reduce框架、云数据服务等,另外也包含对关系数据库的访问支持。
Spring Data特点
spring data为我们提供使用统一的API来对数据访问层进行操作,这主要是Spring Data Commons项目来实现的。Spring Data Commons让我们在使用关系型或者非关系型数据访问技术时都基于spring提供统一标准,标准包含了CRUD、排序和分页的相关操作。
整合SpringData JPA
JPA:ORM(Object Relational Mapping)
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.qublog</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot06_data_jpa</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springboot06_data_jpa</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<scope>8.0.12</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
application.yml
spring:
datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.30.128:3306/jpa?serverTimezone=UTC
username: root
password: 123456
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jpa:
hibernate:
# update更新或者创建数据表
ddl-auto: update
# 在控制台显示sql
show-sql: true
编写一个实体类(bean)和数据表进行映射,并且配置好映射关系:
User类:
package com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.entity;
import javax.persistence.*;
//配置映射关系,使用JPA注解
@Entity //告诉JPA这是一个实体类(和数据表映射的类)
@Table(name = "tbl_user") //@Table来指定和哪个数据表对应,如果省略默认表名就是user
public class User {
@Id //这是一个主键
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) //自增
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "last_name", length = 50) //这是和数据表对应的列
private String lastName;
@Column //省略默认列名就是属性名
private String email;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
}
编写一个Dao接口来操作实体类对应的数据表:
UserRepository类:
package com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.repository;
import com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
//继承JpaRepository来完成对数据库的操作
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}
UserController类:
package com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.controller;
import com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.entity.User;
import com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
UserRepository userRepository;
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
User user = userRepository.findById(id).get();
return user;
}
@GetMapping("/user")
public User insertUser(User user) {
User save = userRepository.save(user);
return save;
}
}
Springboot06DataJpaApplication类:
package com.qublog.springboot06_data_jpa;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Springboot06DataJpaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Springboot06DataJpaApplication.class, args);
}
}