【检索】ElasticSearch简介和安装

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 18:31:33 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-25 18:31:33 发布

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分类专栏： spring boot 文章标签： elasticsearch

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41242680/article/details/107015299

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简介

我们的应用经常需要添加检索功能，开源的ElasticSearch是目前全文搜索引擎的首选。它可以快速的存储、搜索和分析海量数据。spring boot通过整合spring data ElasticSearch为我们提供了非常便捷的检索功能支持。
ElasticSearch是一个分布式搜索服务，提供Restful API，底层基于Lucene，采用多shard（分片）的方式保证数据安全，并且提供自动resharding的功能，GitHub等大型的站点也是采用ElasticSearch作为其搜索服务。

安装

docker pull elasticsearch
docker run -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx256m" -d -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --name ES01 elasticsearch

-e限制java堆内存大小，9200为web通信端口，9300为在分布式情况下各个节点之间通信的端口。
在这里插入图片描述
安装成功。

测试

ElasticSearch存储结构：
在这里插入图片描述
可以参考官方文档：Elasticsearch: 权威指南
我们按照官方文档进行操作：

1、索引员工文档：

每个员工索引一个文档，文档包含该员工的所有信息。
每个文档都将是 employee 类型。
该类型位于索引 megacorp 内。
该索引保存在我们的 Elasticsearch 集群中。

PUT /megacorp/employee/1
{
    "first_name" : "John",
    "last_name" :  "Smith",
    "age" :        25,
    "about" :      "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}

在这里插入图片描述
/megacorp/employee/1包含三部分信息：megacorp为索引名称，employee为类型名称，1为特定雇员的ID。

2、检索文档：

GET /megacorp/employee/1

在这里插入图片描述
将 HTTP 命令由 PUT 改为 GET 可以用来检索文档，同样的，可以使用 DELETE 命令来删除文档，以及使用 HEAD 指令来检查文档是否存在。如果想更新已存在的文档，只需再次 PUT 。

3、轻量搜索：

我们使用下列请求来搜索所有雇员：

GET /megacorp/employee/_search

返回结果：

{
    "took": 488,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 3,
        "max_score": 1,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 25,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 27,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "Douglas",
                    "last_name": "Fir",
                    "age": 35,
                    "about": "I like to build cabinets",
                    "interests": [
                        "forestry"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

接下来，尝试下搜索姓氏为 Smith 的雇员。这个方法一般涉及到一个查询字符串（query-string）搜索，因为我们通过一个URL参数来传递查询信息给搜索接口：

GET /megacorp/employee/_search?q=last_name:Smith

返回结果：

{
    "took": 97,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 25,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 27,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

4、使用查询表达式搜索：

Elasticsearch 提供一个丰富灵活的查询语言叫做查询表达式，它支持构建更加复杂和健壮的查询。
领域特定语言（DSL），使用 JSON 构造了一个请求。我们可以像这样重写之前的查询所有名为 Smith 的搜索：

POST /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "last_name" : "Smith"
        }
    }
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 75,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0.2876821,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 25,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.2876821,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 27,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

5、全文检索：

搜索下所有喜欢攀岩（rock climbing）的员工：

POST /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "about" : "rock climbing"
        }
    }
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 68,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0.53484553,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.53484553,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 25,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.53484553,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 27,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

Elasticsearch 默认按照相关性得分排序，即每个文档跟查询的匹配程度。第一个最高得分的结果很明显：John Smith 的 about 属性清楚地写着 “rock climbing” 。
但为什么 Jane Smith 也作为结果返回了呢？原因是她的 about 属性里提到了 “rock” 。因为只有 “rock” 而没有 “climbing” ，所以她的相关性得分低于 John 的。

6、短语搜索：

找出一个属性中的独立单词是没有问题的，但有时候想要精确匹配一系列单词或者_短语_ 。比如，我们想执行这样一个查询，仅匹配同时包含 “rock” 和 “climbing” ，并且二者以短语 “rock climbing” 的形式紧挨着的雇员记录。
为此对 match 查询稍作调整，使用一个叫做 match_phrase 的查询：

POST /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match_phrase" : {
            "about" : "rock climbing"
        }
    }
}

返回结果：

{
    "took": 74,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0.53484553,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.53484553,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 25,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.53484553,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 27,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

7、高亮搜索：

许多应用都倾向于在每个搜索结果中高亮部分文本片段，以便让用户知道为何该文档符合查询条件。在 Elasticsearch 中检索出高亮片段也很容易。
再次执行前面的查询，并增加一个新的 highlight 参数：

POST /megacorp/employee/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match_phrase" : {
            "about" : "rock climbing"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields" : {
            "about" : {}
        }
    }
}

当执行该查询时，返回结果与之前一样，与此同时结果中还多了一个叫做 highlight 的部分。这个部分包含了 about 属性匹配的文本片段，并以 HTML 标签封装：

{
    "took": 407,
    "timed_out": false,
    "_shards": {
        "total": 5,
        "successful": 5,
        "skipped": 0,
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": {
        "total": 2,
        "max_score": 0.53484553,
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "2",
                "_score": 0.53484553,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 25,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "about": [
                        "I love to go <em>rock</em> <em>climbing</em>"
                    ]
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "megacorp",
                "_type": "employee",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 0.53484553,
                "_source": {
                    "first_name": "John",
                    "last_name": "Smith",
                    "age": 27,
                    "about": "I love to go rock climbing",
                    "interests": [
                        "sports",
                        "music"
                    ]
                },
                "highlight": {
                    "about": [
                        "I love to go <em>rock</em> <em>climbing</em>"
                    ]
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

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【检索】ElasticSearch简介和安装

简介我们的应用经常需要添加检索功能，开源的ElasticSearch是目前全文搜索引擎的首选。它可以快速的存储、搜索和分析海量数据。spring boot通过整合spring data ElasticSearch为我们提供了非常便捷的检索功能支持。ElasticSearch是一个分布式搜索服务，提供Restful API，底层基于Lucene，采用多shard（分片）的方式保证数据安全，并且提供自动resharding的功能，GitHub等大型的站点也是采用ElasticSearch作为其搜索服务。安
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