原型模式

原型模式

内容参考 w3cSchool

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目录

原型模式

UML 类图

创建 AbstractShape 类

实体类 Circle Rectangle Square

创建缓存类 ShapeCache

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UML 类图

抽象类AbstractShape中有两个属性：id 、 类型，一个绘制图形的方法，并且继承了 Clone接口

三个实现类：Circle  、 Square  、Rectangle

在ShapeCache中进行对数据的缓存以及读取。ShapMap中缓存在数据库中查询到的数据【loadCache()】，getShape中深复制返回对应ID的Shape对象。即一次缓存后，在应用中多次使用不必每次查询数据库，直接在缓存中查询相关数据，如果没有数据再适时进行数据库查询。

 

下面根据教程里的自己实现一遍

创建 AbstractShape 类

public abstract class Shape implements Cloneable{

    private String id;
    protected String type = "Unknown";

    /**
     * 绘制图形
     */
    abstract void draw();

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }

    /*
     * 实现拷贝
     */
    @Override
    protected Object clone(){
        Object clone = null;
        try {
            clone = super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return clone;
    }
}

实体类 Circle Rectangle Square

Circle

public class Circle extends Shape{

    public Circle() {
        type = "Circle";
    }

    @Override
    void draw() {
        System.out.println("[Circle] Draw");
    }
}

Rectangle

public class Rectangle extends Shape{

    public Rectangle() {
        type = "Rectangle";
    }

    @Override
    void draw() {
        System.out.println("[Rectangle] draw");
    }
}

Square

public class Square extends Shape{

    public Square() {
        type = "Square";
    }

    @Override
    void draw() {
        System.out.println("[Square] Draw");
    }
}

 

创建缓存类 ShapeCache

public class ShapeCache {
    private static Hashtable<String,Shape> shapeMap = new Hashtable<>();

    public static Shape getShape(String shapeId){
        Shape shapeCache = shapeMap.get(shapeId);
        return (Shape) shapeCache.clone();    //深拷贝
    }

    /*
     * 这里是模拟的数据，正常情况是使用数据库查询结果的缓存
     */
    public static void loadCache(){
        Circle circle = new Circle();
        Square square = new Square();
        Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle();
        circle.setId("1");
        square.setId("2");
        rectangle.setId("3");
        shapeMap.put(circle.getId(),circle);
        shapeMap.put(square.getId(),square);
        shapeMap.put(rectangle.getId(),rectangle);
    }

}

测试运行

public class ExecuteMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ShapeCache.loadCache();

        Shape shapeClone1 = ShapeCache.getShape("1");
        Shape shapeClone2 = ShapeCache.getShape("2");
        Shape shapeClone3 = ShapeCache.getShape("3");

        System.out.println("[Shape] "+shapeClone1.getType());
        System.out.println("[Shape] "+shapeClone2.getType());
        System.out.println("[Shape] "+shapeClone3.getType());
    }
}

[Shape] Circle
[Shape] Square
[Shape] Rectangle

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