C/C++基础----类（5）

运算符重载

  对于类所生成的对象有大量重复的操作，可以将这些函数使用运算符重载来完成，使得运算符能够对类的对象进行作用。

#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>

class Rect
{
public:
	int width;
	int height;
	Rect(int _w, int _h)
	{
		width = _w;
		height = _h;
	}

	//通过运算符重载
	friend Rect operator + (Rect &R1, Rect &R2)
	{
		Rect rect(0, 0);
		rect.height = R1.height + R2.height;
		rect.width = R1.width + R2.width;
		return rect;
	}

	Rect operator ++()
	{
		this->width += 1;
		this->height += 1;
		return (*this);
	}
	//通过成员函数
	void add(Rect &R1)
	{
		this->height = this->height + R1.height;
		this->width = this->width + R1.width;
	}
};

int main()
{
	Rect R1(10, 10);
	Rect R2(5, 5);
	//通过运算符重载
	R1 = R1 + R2;
	printf("R1--->width %d, R1--->height %d\n", R1.width, R1.height);
	//通过成员方法
	R1.add(R2);
	printf("R1--->width %d, R1--->height %d\n", R1.width, R1.height);
	//通过运算符重载
	++R1;
	printf("R1--->width %d, R1--->height %d\n", R1.width, R1.height);
	getchar();
	return 0;
}

仿函数

  对类中()的进行重载，使得由类创建的对象，具有类似函数调用的功能。这种运算符重载称之为仿函数，仿函数其实质也就是一个函数。

#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>

class Rect
{
public:
	int width;
	int height;
	Rect(int _w, int _h)
	{
		width = _w;
		height = _h;
	}

	//通过运算符重载
	friend Rect operator + (Rect &R1, Rect &R2)
	{
		Rect rect(0, 0);
		rect.height = R1.height + R2.height;
		rect.width = R1.width + R2.width;
		return rect;
	}

	Rect operator ++()
	{
		this->width += 1;
		this->height += 1;
		return (*this);
	}

	void operator ()(int x)
	{
		printf("width is %d, width add x is %d \n", this->width, this->width + x);
	
	}
	//通过成员函数
	void add(Rect &R1)
	{
		this->height = this->height + R1.height;
		this->width = this->width + R1.width;
	}
};

int main()
{
	Rect R1(10, 10);
	Rect R2(5, 5);
	R1 = R1 + R2;
	printf("R1--->width %d, R1--->height %d\n", R1.width, R1.height);
	R1.add(R2);
	printf("R1--->width %d, R1--->height %d\n", R1.width, R1.height);
	++R1;
	printf("R1--->width %d, R1--->height %d\n", R1.width, R1.height);

	R1(5);
	getchar();
	return 0;
}