Java-GUI

qq_41335332

已于 2024-03-07 20:49:31 修改

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文章标签： java 开发语言

于 2024-03-06 22:09:12 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41335332/article/details/136382748

版权

1 简介

GUI核心技术：Swing、AWT

2 AWT

2.1 Frame

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame("First GUI Frame");
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setSize(400, 400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.green);
        frame.setLocation(200, 200);
        frame.setResizable(false);
    }
}

此时，窗口关闭不了！！

多窗口生成：

import java.awt.*;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame myframe1 = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myframe2 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.green);
        MyFrame myframe3 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.blue);
        MyFrame myframe4 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id = 0;

    public MyFrame(int x, int y, int width, int height, Color color){
        super("MyFrame-" + (++id));
        setBounds(x, y, width, height);
        setVisible(true);
        setBackground(color);
    }
}

2.2 Panel

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame1 = new Frame();
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        frame1.setLayout(null);
        frame1.setBounds(300, 300, 500, 500);
        frame1.setBackground(new Color(40, 161, 35));

        panel.setBounds(50, 50, 400, 400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(10, 20, 40));

        frame1.add(panel);

        frame1.setVisible(true);
    }
}

关闭窗口？

监听事件，添加监听器

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame1 = new Frame();
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        frame1.setLayout(null);
        frame1.setBounds(300, 300, 500, 500);
        frame1.setBackground(new Color(40, 161, 35));

        panel.setBounds(50, 50, 400, 400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(10, 20, 40));

        frame1.add(panel);

        frame1.setVisible(true);
        frame1.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

2.3 布局管理器

2.3.1 流式布局

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame1 = new Frame();

        Button button1 = new Button("Button 1");
        Button button2 = new Button("Button 2");
        Button button3 = new Button("Button 3");

        // 设置流式布局
        frame1.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame1.setSize(200, 200);

        frame1.setVisible(true);
        frame1.add(button1);
        frame1.add(button2);
        frame1.add(button3);
        
    }
}

new FlowLayout()默认为居中对齐

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame1 = new Frame();

        Button button1 = new Button("Button 1");
        Button button2 = new Button("Button 2");
        Button button3 = new Button("Button 3");

        // 设置流式布局
        frame1.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
        frame1.setSize(200, 200);

        frame1.setVisible(true);
        frame1.add(button1);
        frame1.add(button2);
        frame1.add(button3);

    }
}

改变new FlowLayout的参数可以修改其布局方式

2.3.2 东西南北中 Border

frame1.add(button1, BorderLayout.EAST);

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame1 = new Frame();

        Button button1 = new Button("Button 1");
        Button button2 = new Button("Button 2");
        Button button3 = new Button("Button 3");
        Button button4 = new Button("Button 4");
        Button button5 = new Button("Button 5");

        frame1.setSize(200, 200);

        frame1.setVisible(true);
        frame1.add(button1, BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame1.add(button2, BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame1.add(button3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame1.add(button4, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame1.add(button5, BorderLayout.CENTER);

    }
}

2.3.3 表格布局 Grid

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame1 = new Frame();

        Button button1 = new Button("Button 1");
        Button button2 = new Button("Button 2");
        Button button3 = new Button("Button 3");
        Button button4 = new Button("Button 4");
        Button button5 = new Button("Button 5");
        Button button6 = new Button("Button 6");

        frame1.setSize(200, 200);
        frame1.setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 2));
        frame1.setVisible(true);
        
        frame1.add(button1, BorderLayout.EAST);
        frame1.add(button2, BorderLayout.WEST);
        frame1.add(button3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        frame1.add(button4, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame1.add(button5, BorderLayout.CENTER);

    }
}

frame.pack()函数可以自动最优布局

frame1.pack();

2.3.3 课后练习

绘制图形：
在这里插入图片描述

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1));

        frame.setSize(400, 300);
        frame.setVisible(true);

        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2, 2));

        p1.add(new Button("1"), BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("2"), BorderLayout.WEST);

        p2.add(new Button("3"));
        p2.add(new Button("4"));

        p1.add(p2, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        p3.add(new Button("5"), BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("6"), BorderLayout.WEST);

        for(int i=0; i<4; ++i){
            p4.add(new Button(""+i));
        }

        p3.add(p4, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);
    }
}

总结：
Frame和Panel各自进行布局，Panel要加到frame中

2.4 事件监听

事件发生时做出响应

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

因需要一个actionListener，所以，实现了自己的ActionListener类

2.4.1 函数实现事件

多个对象都可调用，减少代码的编写，如下例中的windowClose()

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        frame.add(button, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);

        // 关闭窗口
        windowClose(frame);
    }

    // 关闭窗体事件
    public static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

2.4.2 共用事件

多个组件共用同一个监听类，在类中可以实现不同的响应，也不必为每一个不同的响应都新写一个监听类，使用一个类即可完成。

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        Button button1 = new Button("1");
        Button button2 = new Button("2");

        button2.setActionCommand("666");

        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.add(button1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.pack();
    }
}

class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("click : " + e.getActionCommand());
        if(e.getActionCommand().equals("1")){
            // button 1 operation
            //xxxxx
            System.out.println("operate button 1 event!");
        }else {
            // button 2 operation
            //xxxxx
            System.out.println("operate button 2 event!");
        }
    }
}

2.4.3 输入框监听

在ActionListener类中，e.getSource()会返回当前对象，然后即可进行当前对象的操作。

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame() throws HeadlessException {
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        // 监听此文本框的内容
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();

        // 按回车键会出发此监听器事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener);

        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();  // e.getSource()返回当前文本框对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());
    }
}

输入内容隐藏为 *
textField.setEchoChar(‘*’);

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{
    public MyFrame() throws HeadlessException {
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);

        // 监听此文本框的内容
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();

        // 按回车键会出发此监听器事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        textField.setEchoChar('*');
        setVisible(true);
        pack();
    }
}

class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();  // e.getSource()返回当前文本框对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());
    }
}

2.4.4 简易计算器

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
    }
}

class Calculator extends Frame{
    public Calculator() throws HeadlessException {
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10); // 字符数
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10); // 字符数
        TextField num3 = new TextField(10); // 字符数

        Button button = new Button("=");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1, num2, num3));

        Label label = new Label("+");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    private TextField num1, num2, num3;

    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1, TextField num2, TextField num3) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
        num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

使用组合方法进行优化

核心：将Calculator作为Listener的成员，这样不需要在构造函数中传递数值，直接操作对象即可

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

class Calculator extends Frame{
    TextField num1, num2, num3; // 字符数

    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(10);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    Calculator calculator = null;

    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator) {
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        calculator.num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

使用内部类进一步优化

将Listener类放入Calculator里面，即为Calculator的内部类，此时可以随意访问外部类的属性，进一步不需要传递calculator对象

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

class Calculator extends Frame{
    TextField num1, num2, num3; // 字符数

    public void loadFrame(){
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(10);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);
    }

    // 内部类，可随意访问外部类的属性和方法
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

2.5 画笔

设置颜色，绘制图形类型等

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}
class MyPaint extends Frame{
    public void loadFrame(){
        setBounds(200, 200, 600, 400);
        setVisible(true);
    }


    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        g.setColor(Color.red);
        g.drawOval(100, 100, 100, 100);// 空心圆
        g.fillOval(200, 200, 100, 100);// 实心圆

        g.setColor(Color.green);
        g.fillRect(300, 100, 20, 40);
    }
}

2.6 鼠标监听

鼠标的监听器MouseListener

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("画图");
    }
}
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    private ArrayList points;

    public MyFrame(String name) throws HeadlessException {
        super(name);
        setBounds(200, 200, 400, 400);
        points = new ArrayList();
        // 鼠标监听器
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());
        setVisible(true);
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.black);
            g.fillOval(point.x, point.y, 10, 10);
        }
    }

    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter{
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame myFrame = (MyFrame) e.getSource();
            // 记录当前坐标
            myFrame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(), e.getY()));
            myFrame.repaint();
        }
    }
}

2.7 窗口监听

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WindowFrame windowFrame = new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame() throws HeadlessException {
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        addWindowListener(new MyWindowListener());
    }

    class MyWindowListener extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            System.exit(0);
        }
    }
}

使用匿名内部类优化代码

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WindowFrame windowFrame = new WindowFrame();
    }
}

class WindowFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowFrame() throws HeadlessException {
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        addWindowListener(
                new WindowAdapter() {
                    @Override
                    public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                        System.out.println("点击关闭！");
                    }
                }
        );
    }
}

2.8 键盘监听

添加KeyListener，同样使用适配器Adapter重写接口中的函数

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        KeyFrame keyFrame = new KeyFrame();
    }
}

class KeyFrame extends Frame{
    public KeyFrame() throws HeadlessException {
        setBounds(100, 100, 300, 300);
        setVisible(true);
        addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                System.out.println(e.getKeyCode());//获取键盘当前的码
                if(e.getKeyCode() == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("上");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

3 Swing

3.1 窗口、面板

3.2 弹窗 Dialog


public class Main extends JFrame{

    public Main() throws HeadlessException {
        this.setVisible(true);
        setSize(700, 500);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        // 绝对布局
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        JButton jButton = new JButton("创建对话框");
        jButton.setBounds(30, 30, 200, 50);

        // 按钮点击事件
        jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                new MyDialog();
            }
        });

        contentPane.add(jButton);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main();
    }
}

class MyDialog extends JDialog{
    public MyDialog() {
        setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(100, 100, 500, 500);
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        contentPane.add(new Label("Dialog文本"));
    }
}

3.3 标签与图标 Label and Icon

public class Main extends JFrame implements Icon{

    private int width;
    private int height;

    public Main() throws HeadlessException {
    }

    public Main(int width, int height) throws HeadlessException {
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }

    public void init(){
        Main main = new Main(15, 15);
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("icon", main, SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(jLabel);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main().init();
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x, y, width, height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

使用图片做Icon??

Main.class.getResource(“1.png”);Main类同级目录下检索资源文件1.png

public class Main extends JFrame{
    
    public Main() throws HeadlessException {
    }

    public void init(){
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("icon");
        URL url = Main.class.getResource("1.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        jLabel.setIcon(imageIcon);
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(jLabel);
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100, 100, 200, 200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main().init();
    }
}

3.4 面板

public class Main extends JFrame{

    public Main() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();
        // 后两个参数表示 两个面板之间的间隔
        contentPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 10, 10));

        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 3));
        JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3, 2));

        jPanel.add(new Button("1"));
        jPanel.add(new Button("2"));
        jPanel.add(new Button("3"));

        jPanel2.add(new Button("4"));
        jPanel2.add(new Button("14"));
        jPanel2.add(new Button("14"));
        jPanel2.add(new Button("14"));
        jPanel2.add(new Button("14"));
        jPanel2.add(new Button("14"));
        contentPane.add(jPanel);
        contentPane.add(jPanel2);
        setVisible(true);
        setSize(500, 500);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }



    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main();
    }
}

3.5 滚动条

JScrollPanel 带滚动条的面板

public class Main extends JFrame{

    public Main() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        // 文本域
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        jTextArea.setText("默认文本。。。");

        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
        contentPane.add(jScrollPane);

        setBounds(100, 100, 300, 150);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main();
    }
}

3.6 按钮

JButton

3.6.1 图片按钮

public class Main extends JFrame{

    public Main() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        URL url = Main.class.getResource("1.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);

        JButton jButton = new JButton();
        jButton.setIcon(imageIcon);

        // 光标悬浮在按钮上，提示文字
        jButton.setToolTipText("这是图片按钮");
        contentPane.add(jButton);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 400, 400);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main();
    }
}

3.6.2 单选按钮

JRadioButton
设置ButtonGroup限定按钮只能选择一个

public class Main extends JFrame{

    public Main() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        URL url = Main.class.getResource("1.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);

        // 单选框
        JRadioButton jRadioButton1 = new JRadioButton("1");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton2 = new JRadioButton("2");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton3 = new JRadioButton("3");

        // 单选框分组，实现只能选一个
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton3);

        contentPane.add(jRadioButton1, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        contentPane.add(jRadioButton2, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(jRadioButton3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 400, 400);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main();
    }
}

3.6.3 复选按钮

CheckBox，不需要添加ButtonGroup

public class Main extends JFrame{

    public Main() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        URL url = Main.class.getResource("1.png");
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);

        // 多选框
        JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("1");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("2");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox3 = new JCheckBox("3");

        contentPane.add(jCheckBox1, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        contentPane.add(jCheckBox2, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(jCheckBox3, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 400, 400);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main();
    }
}

3.7 列表

3.7.1 下拉框

jComboBox

public class Main extends JFrame{

    public Main() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        JComboBox jComboBox = new JComboBox();
        jComboBox.addItem(null);
        jComboBox.addItem("On");
        jComboBox.addItem("Up");
        jComboBox.addItem("Down");
        jComboBox.addItem("Going");

        contentPane.add(jComboBox);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 400, 400);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main();
    }
}

后面可以根据选项的不同添加监听器进行响应

3.7.2 列表框

JList，生成内容后送入JList即可

public class Main extends JFrame{

    public Main() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        // 生成列表内容
//        String[] contents = {"1", "2", "3"};

        Vector contents = new Vector();
        JList jList = new JList(contents);

        contents.add("hahaha");
        contents.add("hehehe");
        contents.add("gagaga");

        contentPane.add(jList);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 400, 400);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main();
    }
}

应用场景：

单选框：选择地区
列表：展示信息，可动态扩容

3.8 文本框

3.8.1 密码框

JPasswordField

public class Main extends JFrame{

    public Main() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = getContentPane();

        JPasswordField jPasswordField = new JPasswordField();
        jPasswordField.setEchoChar('*');

        contentPane.add(jPasswordField);

        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 400, 400);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Main();
    }
}

输入任何内容，都显示为星号

3.8.2 文本框

JTextField

3.8.3 文本域

JTextArea

4 贪吃蛇小游戏

4.1 编写游戏主启动类

package com.bin.snake;

import javax.swing.*;

// 游戏主启动类
public class StartGame {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame jFrame = new JFrame();

        jFrame.setBounds(10, 10, 900, 720);
        jFrame.setResizable(false);
        jFrame.setVisible(true);
        jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

主窗口已构造完成，剩下的功能将在Panel中实现

4.2 编写游戏面板

package com.bin.snake;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

// 游戏面板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel {
    // 使用画笔画游戏界面
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        setBackground(Color.black);
    }
}

在GameStart类中加入面板的使用

public class StartGame {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        JFrame jFrame = new JFrame();

        jFrame.setBounds(10, 10, 900, 720);
        jFrame.setResizable(false);
        jFrame.setVisible(true);
        jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        jFrame.add(new GamePanel());
    }
}

导入图片资源，在snake项目目录下新建statics文件夹，保存图片

4.3 编写数据中心类

本Data类负责生成Icon格式的图片，供其他类调用

package com.bin.snake;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class Data {
    public static URL headerURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/header.png");
    public static URL upURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/up.png");
    public static URL downURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/down.png");
    public static URL leftURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/left.png");
    public static URL rightURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/right.png");
    public static URL bodyURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/body.png");
    public static URL foodURL = Data.class.getResource("statics/food.png");
    
    public static ImageIcon header = new ImageIcon(headerURL);
    public static ImageIcon up = new ImageIcon(upURL);
    public static ImageIcon down = new ImageIcon(downURL);
    public static ImageIcon left = new ImageIcon(leftURL);
    public static ImageIcon right = new ImageIcon(rightURL);
    public static ImageIcon body = new ImageIcon(bodyURL);
    public static ImageIcon food = new ImageIcon(foodURL);
}

4.4 加载头部广告栏

public class GamePanel extends JPanel {
    // 使用画笔画游戏界面
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        setBackground(Color.white);

        // 头部广告栏
        Data.header.paintIcon(this, g, 25, 11);

        g.fillRect(25, 75, 850, 600);
    }
}

4.5 绘制静态蛇

4.5.1 初始化蛇的信息

在面板中初始化

	int length; // 蛇的身长
    int[] snakeX = new int[600];    // x 坐标
    int[] snakeY = new int[500];    // y 坐标

    public GamePanel(){
        init();
    }

    // 初始化蛇
    public void init(){
        length = 3;

        // 头的初始坐标
        snakeX[0] = 100;
        snakeY[0] = 100;
        snakeX[1] = 75;
        snakeY[1] = 100;
        snakeX[2] = 50;
        snakeY[2] = 100;
    }

4.5.2 根据初始信息画蛇

	@Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        setBackground(Color.white);

        // 头部广告栏
        Data.header.paintIcon(this, g, 25, 11);

        g.fillRect(25, 75, 850, 600);

        Data.right.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        Data.body.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[1], snakeY[1]);
        Data.body.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[2], snakeY[2]);
    }

优化

此时，paint方法中小蛇的身体长度是静态不变的，考虑使用for循环优化

		Data.right.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);

        for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
            Data.body.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[i], snakeY[i]);
        }

4.5.3 蛇运动的方向

属性新加fx表示方向

String fx;

init函数中默认方向向右

fx = "R";

改写画笔方法，根据fx属性决定使用哪张方向图片

		if(fx.equals("R")){
            Data.right.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }else if(fx.equals("L")){
            Data.left.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }else if(fx.equals("U")){
            Data.up.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }else if(fx.equals("D")){
            Data.down.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }

4.6 空格控制游戏开始与暂停

新增属性位isStart，表示当前是开始状态还是暂停状态

boolean isStart;

init函数做相应初始化

isStart = false;

提示按下空格开始游戏：

		// 游戏状态
        if(isStart == false){
            // 提示文字
            g.setColor(Color.white);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏！", 300, 300);
        }

4.7 让蛇动起来

实现键盘监听类，让Panel类实现KeyListener接口，并重写三个方法，关键是重写keyPressed

public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener 

 	@Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {

    }

    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {

    }

    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {

    }

当键盘空格键被按下时，游戏状态应当发生改变，而不仅仅是固定为某个值

@Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();// 获得键盘按键
        if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){
            // 空格键
            isStart = !isStart;
            repaint();
        }
    }

在类构造函数中添加监听器，参数为this是因为当前类实现了KeyListener接口，所以直接使用自身即可

public GamePanel(){
        init();
        // 获得焦点事件
        this.setFocusable(true);
        // 获得键盘监听事件
        this.addKeyListener(this);
    }

下面要让蛇动起来，即使用定时器，让类实现ActionListener接口

public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener

即主要是重写其方法

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

    }

类中新增属性timer，设置定时时长和操作对象

// 100ms 1s 10次
Timer timer = new Timer(100, this);

让蛇各部分实现坐标更新：

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if(isStart){
            // 游戏开始状态
            // 右移
            for (int i = length-1; i > 0; i--) {
                snakeX[i] = snakeX[i-1];    // 后一节变成前一节的位置
                snakeY[i] = snakeY[i-1];
            }
            snakeX[0] += 25;
            repaint();
        }
        timer.start();
    }

还需要在构造函数处启动定时器，让游戏一开始就定时

public GamePanel(){
        init();
        // 获得焦点事件
        this.setFocusable(true);
        // 获得键盘监听事件
        this.addKeyListener(this);
        timer.start();
    }

此时能正常移动，但只能右移，且小蛇飞出屏幕，需要边界判断

			snakeX[0] += 25;

            //边界判断
            if(snakeX[0] > 850){
                snakeX[0] = 25;
            }

            repaint();

定时器的作用就是每100ms调用一次ActionPerformerd函数
然后根据键盘输入，监听键盘，改变fx属性

	@Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();// 获得键盘按键
        if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){
            // 空格键
            isStart = !isStart;
            repaint();
        }

        // 小蛇移动
        if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
            fx = "U";

        }else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN){
            fx = "D";
        }if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT){
            fx = "L";
        }if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT){
            fx = "R";
        }
    }

然后，根据fx属性，修改计时器方法，并做相应的边界判断

 	@Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if(isStart){
            // 游戏开始状态
            // 身体移动
            for (int i = length-1; i > 0; i--) {
                snakeX[i] = snakeX[i-1];    // 后一节变成前一节的位置
                snakeY[i] = snakeY[i-1];
            }

            if (fx.equals("R")){
                snakeX[0] += 25;
                // 边界判断
                if(snakeX[0] > 850)
                    snakeX[0] = 25;
            }else if(fx.equals("L")){
                snakeX[0] -= 25;
                // 边界判断
                if(snakeX[0] < 25)
                    snakeX[0] = 850;
            }else if(fx.equals("U")){
                snakeY[0] -= 25;
                // 边界判断
                if(snakeY[0] < 75)
                    snakeY[0] = 650;
            }else if(fx.equals("D")){
                snakeY[0] += 25;
                // 边界判断
                if(snakeY[0] > 650)
                    snakeY[0] = 75;
            }
            repaint();
        }
        timer.start();
    }

4.8 小蛇吃食物长大

新增食物坐标属性，并在init方法中初始化

	int foodX;
    int foodY;
    Random random = new Random();

        foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
        foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);

有了食物坐标后，使用画笔在图上画出食物，在paint函数中新加：

Data.food.paintIcon(this, g, foodX, foodY);

计时器函数中处理吃食物：

		//吃食物
        if(snakeX[0] == foodX && snakeY[0] == foodY){
            length++;
            // 再次生成食物
            foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
            foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);
        }

现在可以实现小蛇动态吃食物并长大，但没有失误判定

4.9 失败判定

新增标志位：isFail判断是否失败

boolean isFail = false;

操纵画笔，当isFail时，系统提示信息

		if(isStart == false){
            // 提示文字
            g.setColor(Color.white);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏！", 300, 300);
        }
        if(isFail){
            g.setColor(Color.RED);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("失败！按下空格重新开始游戏！", 300, 300);
        }

优化键盘监听函数，按下空格键时，判断是继续还是重新开始。

		if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){
            // 空格键
            if(isFail){
                // 重新开始
                isFail = false;
                init();
            }else {
                isStart = !isStart;
            }
            repaint();
        }

在计时器函数中，判断本次更新位置后是否有失败情况：

			// 失败判定，撞到自己
            for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
                if(snakeX[0] == snakeX[i] && snakeY[0] == snakeY[i]){
                    isFail = true;
                }
            }

优化小细节：
先画食物再画小蛇，这样小蛇能覆盖食物，不然，食物会出现在小蛇头的上层

4.10 积分系统

新增score属性

int score;

init方法中初始化

score = 0;

在头部广告栏后画提示信息：

		//画积分
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 18));
        g.drawString("长度："+length, 750, 35);
        g.drawString("分数："+score, 750, 50);

在吃食物时更新分数

		//吃食物
        if(snakeX[0] == foodX && snakeY[0] == foodY){
            length++;
            score += 10;
            // 再次生成食物
            foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
            foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);
        }

在出错时，清空，但此操作由init函数负责完成了
GamePanel全部代码：

package com.bin.snake;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.KeyListener;
import java.sql.Time;
import java.util.Random;

// 游戏面板
public class GamePanel extends JPanel implements KeyListener, ActionListener {

    // 定义蛇的数据结构
    int length; // 蛇的身长
    int[] snakeX = new int[600];    // x 坐标
    int[] snakeY = new int[500];    // y 坐标
    String fx;
    boolean isStart;
    Timer timer = new Timer(100, this);
    int foodX;
    int foodY;
    Random random = new Random();
    int score;
    boolean isFail = false;

    public GamePanel(){
        init();
        // 获得焦点事件
        this.setFocusable(true);
        // 获得键盘监听事件
        this.addKeyListener(this);
        timer.start();
    }

    // 初始化蛇
    public void init(){
        length = 3;

        // 头的初始坐标
        snakeX[0] = 100;
        snakeY[0] = 100;
        snakeX[1] = 75;
        snakeY[1] = 100;
        snakeX[2] = 50;
        snakeY[2] = 100;

        fx = "R";
        isStart = false;

        foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
        foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);

        score = 0;
    }


    // 使用画笔画游戏界面
    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        setBackground(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(25, 75, 850, 600);

        // 头部广告栏
        Data.header.paintIcon(this, g, 25, 11);

        //画积分
        g.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 18));
        g.drawString("长度："+length, 750, 35);
        g.drawString("分数："+score, 750, 50);


        if(fx.equals("R")){
            Data.right.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }else if(fx.equals("L")){
            Data.left.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }else if(fx.equals("U")){
            Data.up.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }else if(fx.equals("D")){
            Data.down.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[0], snakeY[0]);
        }

        for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
            Data.body.paintIcon(this, g, snakeX[i], snakeY[i]);
        }

        Data.food.paintIcon(this, g, foodX, foodY);
        // 游戏状态
        if(isStart == false){
            // 提示文字
            g.setColor(Color.white);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("按下空格开始游戏！", 300, 300);
        }else if(isFail){
            g.setColor(Color.RED);
            g.setFont(new Font("微软雅黑", Font.BOLD, 40));
            g.drawString("失败！按下空格重新开始游戏！", 300, 300);
        }
    }


    @Override
    public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {

    }

    @Override
    public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
        int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();// 获得键盘按键
        if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_SPACE){
            // 空格键
            if(isFail){
                // 重新开始
                isFail = false;
                init();
                isStart = true;
            }else {
                isStart = !isStart;
            }
            repaint();
        }

        // 小蛇移动
        if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
            fx = "U";

        }else if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_DOWN){
            fx = "D";
        }if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_LEFT){
            fx = "L";
        }if(keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_RIGHT){
            fx = "R";
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) {

    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

        //吃食物
        if(snakeX[0] == foodX && snakeY[0] == foodY){
            length++;
            score += 10;
            // 再次生成食物
            foodX = 25 + 25 * random.nextInt(34);
            foodY = 75 + 25 * random.nextInt(24);
        }


        if(isStart && !isFail){
            // 游戏开始状态
            // 身体移动
            for (int i = length-1; i > 0; i--) {
                snakeX[i] = snakeX[i-1];    // 后一节变成前一节的位置
                snakeY[i] = snakeY[i-1];
            }

            if (fx.equals("R")){
                snakeX[0] += 25;
                // 边界判断
                if(snakeX[0] > 850)
                    snakeX[0] = 25;
            }else if(fx.equals("L")){
                snakeX[0] -= 25;
                // 边界判断
                if(snakeX[0] < 25)
                    snakeX[0] = 850;
            }else if(fx.equals("U")){
                snakeY[0] -= 25;
                // 边界判断
                if(snakeY[0] < 75)
                    snakeY[0] = 650;
            }else if(fx.equals("D")){
                snakeY[0] += 25;
                // 边界判断
                if(snakeY[0] > 650)
                    snakeY[0] = 75;
            }

            // 失败判定，撞到自己
            for (int i = 1; i < length; i++) {
                if(snakeX[0] == snakeX[i] && snakeY[0] == snakeY[i]){
                    isFail = true;
                }
            }
            repaint();
        }
        timer.start();
    }
}