Android初学 AIDL实现跨进程通信案例

Android初学 IPC机制（Android IPC Mechanisms）【翻译】
Android 接口定义语言 (AIDL)

参考资源：AIDL使用详解及原理

感觉和Web开发中的RPC（远程过程调用）有点像

实现：Client APP将出生年月传入Server APP，在Server APP中计算年龄并返回给Client APP

第一步，写Server APP

创建 .aidl 文件

声明JavaBean

// MyBirthdayAndAge.aidl
parcelable MyBirthdayAndAge;

声明接口

// IMyAidlInterface.aidl
interface IMyAidlInterface {
    int add(int a, int b);
}

结构图

创建完成之后，需要编译项目生产对应的java代码，否则不会有提示。

写对应实体类、在Service中实现接口

实体类

public class MyBirthdayAndAge implements Parcelable {
    private String birthday;
    private int age;

    public MyBirthdayAndAge(Parcel source) {
        birthday = source.readString();
        age = source.readInt();
    }
    // getter, setter method...

    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    public void readFromParcel(Parcel dest) {
        birthday = dest.readString();
        age = dest.readInt();
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeString(birthday);
        dest.writeInt(age);
    }

    public MyBirthdayAndAge() {
    }

    public static final Creator<MyBirthdayAndAge> CREATOR = new Creator<MyBirthdayAndAge>() {

        @Override
        public MyBirthdayAndAge createFromParcel(Parcel source) {
            return new MyBirthdayAndAge(source);
        }

        @Override
        public MyBirthdayAndAge[] newArray(int size) {
            return new MyBirthdayAndAge[size];
        }
    };

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MyBirthdayAndAge{" +
                "birthday=" + birthday +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

}

写Service并实现接口

public class GetAgeService extends Service {
    public GetAgeService() {
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return binder;
    }

    private IBinder binder = new ICalculateAge.Stub() {
        @Override
        public MyBirthdayAndAge getAge(MyBirthdayAndAge myBirthdayAndAge) throws RemoteException {
            SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
            try {
                Date parse = format.parse(myBirthdayAndAge.getBirthday());
                int age = new Date().getYear() - parse.getYear();
                myBirthdayAndAge.setAge(age);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(myBirthdayAndAge);
            return myBirthdayAndAge;
        }
    };
}

在清单文件（Manifest.xml）中暴露此Service

<application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <service
            android:name=".GetAgeService"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true"/>
</application>

当客户端（如 Activity）调用 bindService() 以连接此服务时，客户端的 onServiceConnected() 回调会接收服务的 onBind() 方法所返回的 binder 实例。

Server的项目结构如下图所示：

第二步，写Client APP

创建新工程Client APP，将Server APP中的aidl文件夹原封不动的移动到Client APP下

此时Client APP的项目结构如下图所示：

此时编译项目会提示在com.thundersoft.ipcserver下找不到 MyBirthdayAndAge 这个实体类，所以我们需要创建一个包com.thundersoft.ipcserver，然后将Server APP中对应的实体类复制过来。此时的项目结构如下图所示。

在MainActivity中绑定Service并创建点击事件调用方法

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ICalculateAge calculateAge;
    private static final String TAG = "ASDL";

    private ServiceConnection serviceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            calculateAge = ICalculateAge.Stub.asInterface(service);
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            calculateAge = null;
        }
    };


    private void bindService() {
        Intent intent1 = new Intent();
        intent1.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.thundersoft.ipcserver",
                "com.thundersoft.ipcserver.GetAgeService"));
        bindService(intent1, serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        bindService();
    }

    public void getAge(View view) {
        MyBirthdayAndAge birthdayAndAge = new MyBirthdayAndAge();
        birthdayAndAge.setBirthday("1998-09-12");
        try {
            MyBirthdayAndAge age = calculateAge.getAge(birthdayAndAge);
            Log.i(TAG, "getAge: " + age);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

对应布局文件aactivity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="getAge"
        android:textSize="40sp"
        android:onClick="getAge" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

点击TextView时，客户端会打印如下log

2021-07-22 08:48:03.040 12665-12665/com.thundersoft.ipcclient I/ASDL: getAge: MyBirthdayAndAge{birthday=1998-09-12, age=23}

服务端会打印如下log

2021-07-22 08:48:03.038 12595-12607/com.thundersoft.ipcserver I/System.out: MyBirthdayAndAge{birthday=1998-09-12, age=23}

结束Peace！

这个demo可以在Android 9上运行，11好像不行。
先启动Server再启动Client。