python的requests库

$$python的requests库$$

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官网：https://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/index.html

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作用:发送网络请求，返回响应数据

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为什么要学习requests，而不是urllib?

1. requests的底层实现就是urllib
2. requests在python2和python3中通用，方法完全一样
3. requests简单易用
4. Requests能够自动帮助我们解压(gzip压缩的等)网页内容

Urllib 库,它是 Python 内置的 HTTP 请求库,

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 import requests
r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')

名为 r 的 response对象

response的常用方法:

• response.text
• respones.content
• response.status_code
• response.request.headers
• response.headers

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实例代码

 import requests

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/events')

名为 r 的 Response 对象

r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data = {'key':'value'})

r = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put', data = {'key':'value'})
r = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
r = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
r = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')

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两种解析网页返回字符串的方式r.text和r.content

import requests
r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

print(r.text)
print(r.encoding)

r.encoding="utf-8"
print(r.encoding)
print(r.text)


print(r.content) # bytes型数据，需要decode

print(r.content.decode())

推荐使用二进制的content来获取原生数据

r.content.decode()

requests保存图片

import requests

r = requests.get("https://www.baidu.com/img/PCtm_d9c8750bed0b3c7d089fa7d55720d6cf.png")

with open("test.png","wb") as f:
    f.write(r.content)