我第一次遇到lambda函数是在一个排序语句中:
如下一段代码:
if __name__ == "__main__":
a = [[1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 4], [1, 4, 5]]
a = sorted(a, key = lambda list:list[1], reverse = True)
print(a)
PS C:\Users\...> & D:/anaconda/python.exe c:/Users/.../Desktop/WorkSpace/函数装饰器.py
[[1, 4, 5], [1, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3]]
实现了以数组中第二个数字的升序排列。
其中就出现了lambda函数:
key = lambda list:list[1]
不同于def关键字,lambda用于定义一些简单函数,上面的lambda函数实现了返回list中的第二个元素:
if __name__ == "__main__":
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [[1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2], [3, 3, 3]]
key = lambda list:list[1]
print(key(a))
print(key(b))
PS C:\Users\...> & D:/anaconda/python.exe c:/Users/.../Desktop/WorkSpace/函数装饰器.py
2
[2, 2, 2]
再看看下面的实例:
if __name__ == "__main__":
key = lambda x:x*x
print(key(2))
PS C:\Users\...> & D:/anaconda/python.exe c:/Users/.../Desktop/WorkSpace/函数装饰器.py
4
if __name__ == "__main__":
key = lambda x:print(x)
key("hello world!")
PS C:\Users\...> & D:/anaconda/python.exe c:/Users/.../Desktop/WorkSpace/函数装饰器.py
hello world!
lambda只能定义单一表达式的简单函数,但是lambda可以存在于函数的参数中,让代码更加精简,不然最开始所述的排序算法应该这样写:
def test(list):
return list[1]
if __name__ == "__main__":
a = [[1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 4], [1, 4, 5]]
a = sorted(a, key = test, reverse = True)
print(a)
PS C:\Users\...> & D:/anaconda/python.exe c:/Users/.../Desktop/WorkSpace/函数装饰器.py
[[1, 4, 5], [1, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3]]