SDN实验（三）——集线器hub的实现
（一）集线器原理
集线器的原理，简单概括为：一个数据包从port1进入，泛洪转发到其他所有端口（除了port1）发出。
关于集线器的详细介绍，可以看Ryu的文档：
（二）部署实施
1. 代码实现
from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER,CONFIG_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
class Hub(app_manager.RyuApp):
OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]
def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
super(Hub,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
@set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures,CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
def switch_features_handler(self,ev):
datapath = ev.msg.datapath
ofproto = datapath.ofproto
ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch()
actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
self.add_flow(datapath,0,match,actions,"default flow entry")
def add_flow(self,datapath,priority,match,actions,remind_content):
ofproto = datapath.ofproto
ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
inst = [ofp_parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,
actions)]
mod = ofp_parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath,priority=priority,
match=match,instructions=inst);
print("install to datapath,"+remind_content)
datapath.send_msg(mod);
@set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn,MAIN_DISPATCHER)
def packet_in_handler(self,ev):
msg = ev.msg
datapath = msg.datapath
ofproto = datapath.ofproto
ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
in_port = msg.match['in_port']
print("get packet in, install flow entry,and lookback parket to datapath")
match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch();
actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD)]
self.add_flow(datapath,1,match,actions,"hub flow entry")
out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath,buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,
in_port=in_port,actions=actions)
datapath.send_msg(out);
注意：代码里不要包含中文注释！
2. 启动控制器
ryu-manager hub.py --verbose
使用–verbose是为了方便看调试信息
3. 启动Mininet进行连接测试
sudo mn --topo=linear,4 --controller=remote
随后Ryu控制器进行响应：
openvswitch交换机与Ryu控制器连接，控制器下发默认流表，提示信息install to datapath,default flow entry
4. pingall
提示信息：get packet in, install flow entry,and lookback parket to datapath
（三）代码讲解
from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER,CONFIG_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
class Hub(app_manager.RyuApp):
'''明确控制器所用OpenFlow版本'''
OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]
def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
super(Hub,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
@set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures,CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
def switch_features_handler(self,ev):
'''
在Ryu控制器上，我们需要写一个函数去处理openvswitch的连接
CONFIG_DISPATCHER : Version negotiated and sent features-request message
'''
#对事件进行解析
datapath = ev.msg.datapath #从连接中获取数据平面的datapath数据结构
ofproto = datapath.ofproto #获取OpenFlow协议信息
ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser #获取协议解析
#解析完成
'''在连接建立成功以后，需要控制器下发一个默认流表
来指挥所有匹配不到交换机的数据，把他上传到控制器上
'''
#install the table-miss flow entry
match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch() #匹配域
#OFPActionOutput将数据包发送出去,
#第一个参数OFPP_CONTROLLER是接收端口，
#第二个是数据包在交换机上缓存buffer_id,由于我们将数据包全部传送到控制器，所以不在交换机上缓存
actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
self.add_flow(datapath,0,match,actions,"default flow entry") #默认缺省流表项，设置优先级最低即可
'''
数据平面 是由若干网元（Network Element）组成，每个网元包含一个或多个SDN数据路径（SDN Datapath）。
SDN Datapath是逻辑上的网络设备，负责转发和处理数据无控制能力，
一个SDN DataPath包含控制数据平面接口（Control Data Plane Interface,CDPI）、代理、转发引擎（Forwarding Engine）表和处理功能（Processing Function）
SDN数据面（转发面）的关键技术:对数据面进行抽象建模。
'''
def add_flow(self,datapath,priority,match,actions,remind_content):
'''构建流表项 : add a flow entry, install it into datapath
datapath:表示给哪一个逻辑设备下发流表
priority：表示优先级
match,actions:匹配域和动作
'''
#datapath属性
ofproto = datapath.ofproto
ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
#在OpenFlow1.3版本中定义了instruct指令集（交换机内部的一些操作）
#construct a flow msg and send it
inst = [ofp_parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,
actions)]
mod = ofp_parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath,priority=priority,
match=match,instructions=inst);
print("install to datapath,"+remind_content)
#发送出去
datapath.send_msg(mod);
'''
接收数据
Ryu控制器通过装饰器去注册监听某些事件，去处理这些事件。
从而实现从数据平面的消息上传到控制器，再从控制器平面到应用平面，应用程序去处理事件，再逐跳返回到openvswitch
'''
'''
要处理这个事件，需要先去注册监听他
EventOFPPacketIn: 是我们要监听的事件
MAIN_DISPATCHER : 是什么状态下，去监听该事件---Switch-features message received and sent set-config message
'''
@set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn,MAIN_DISPATCHER)
def packet_in_handler(self,ev):
'''
Hub集线器类，所实现的功能：
1.接收从OpenVSwitch发送过来的数据包
2.将数据包泛洪到Hub中的其他端口中
'''
#解析数据结构
msg = ev.msg
datapath = msg.datapath
ofproto = datapath.ofproto
ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
in_port = msg.match['in_port'] #获取源端口
print("get packet in, install flow entry,and lookback parket to datapath")
match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch(); #因为我们是将所有转发，所以不用管匹配，填空表示全部匹配
actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD)] #注意：ＦＬＯＯＤ是ＯｐｅｎＦｌｏｗ协议保留端口－－－泛洪使用
#调用add_flow,将流表项发送 ,指导后续数据包转发 install flwo entry to avoid packet in next time
self.add_flow(datapath,1,match,actions,"hub flow entry") #等级稍微比默认流表项高级
#注意：我们将流表项下发了，但是数据包我们这次接收的，并没有处理
#就是再将控制器上的数据包，重新发送给datapath,让他按照流表项处理
#buffer_id是这个数据包，存放在控制器中的缓冲区位置,是在事件中的buffer_id获取
out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath,buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,
in_port=in_port,actions=actions,data=msg.data)
datapath.send_msg(out);
重点——通信流程：
- 当开始一个Hub集线器时，会先与控制器进行连接，我们需要在Ryu中设置函数去处理连接，设置并下发默认流表——函数switch_features_handler实现
- 当主机之间通信时，主机上传信息到OpenVSwitch交换机，而交换机无法匹配到流表项时，我们设置将数据全部上传给Ryu控制器，我们在控制器端实现Hub集线器的泛洪功能，即设置流表项（match-actions为所有匹配数据包的动作为ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD，并且将该流变下发给原来datapath,同时我们要将之前交换机发送过来的数据包重新发送给交换机（让其按照新的流表项进行处理）——函数packet_in_handler实现
- 我们将公共函数add_flow，构建流表项并且下发流表提出
（四）Ryu内容扩充学习
1. 程序入口——app.manager.RyuApp
"""
The base class for Ryu applications.
RyuApp subclasses are instantiated after ryu-manager loaded
all requested Ryu application modules.
__init__ should call RyuApp.__init__ with the same arguments.
It's illegal to send any events in __init__.
The instance attribute 'name' is the name of the class used for
message routing among Ryu applications. (Cf. send_event)
It's set to __class__.__name__ by RyuApp.__init__.
It's discouraged for subclasses to override this.
"""
- app_manager.RyuApp是所有Ryu Applications的基类，我们要实现一个控制器应用，必须继承该基类。
- 我们自定义的子类（继承于RyuAPP的子类），将在ryu-manager命令加载中被实例化(它是在ryu管理器加载所有请求的ryu应用程序模块后实例化的)。
即我们执行ryu-manager hub.py --verbose命令开启Ryu控制器时，并且处理了所有请求的ryu应用程序模块，之后Hub子类就被实例化了 。
- 子类中的__init__方法需要调用父类的__init__方法，并且保持参数一致。
def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
super(Hub,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
2. 设置OpenFlow协议——OFP_VERSIONS
OFP_VERSIONS = None
"""
A list of supported OpenFlow versions for this RyuApp.
The default is all versions supported by the framework.
Examples::
OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_0.OFP_VERSION,
ofproto_v1_2.OFP_VERSION]
If multiple Ryu applications are loaded in the system,
the intersection of their OFP_VERSIONS is used.
"""
我们设置的协议类型是1.3版本OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]，其中协议在 from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3 中。
3. 事件监听——装饰器实现set_ev_cls
（1）from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
# should be named something like 'observe_event'
def set_ev_cls(ev_cls, dispatchers=None):
"""
A decorator for Ryu application to declare an event handler.
Decorated method will become an event handler.
ev_cls is an event class whose instances this RyuApp wants to receive.
dispatchers argument specifies one of the following negotiation phases
(or a list of them) for which events should be generated for this handler.
Note that, in case an event changes the phase, the phase before the change
is used to check the interest.
.. tabularcolumns:: |l|L|
=========================================== ===============================
Negotiation phase Description
=========================================== ===============================
ryu.controller.handler.HANDSHAKE_DISPATCHER Sending and waiting for hello
message
ryu.controller.handler.CONFIG_DISPATCHER Version negotiated and sent
features-request message
ryu.controller.handler.MAIN_DISPATCHER Switch-features message
received and sent set-config
message
ryu.controller.handler.DEAD_DISPATCHER Disconnect from the peer. Or
disconnecting due to some
unrecoverable errors.
=========================================== ===============================
"""
def _set_ev_cls_dec(handler):
if 'callers' not in dir(handler):
handler.callers = {}
for e in _listify(ev_cls):
handler.callers[e] = _Caller(_listify(dispatchers), e.__module__)
return handler
return _set_ev_cls_dec
（2）被set_ev_cls装饰的函数将成为一个事件处理器，参数ev_cls是一个事件类，在controller下的ofp_event下（未找到…动态创建类type实现？？)，dispatchers参数是事件的协商阶段
@set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures,CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
=========================================== ===============================
Negotiation phase Description
=========================================== ===============================
ryu.controller.handler.HANDSHAKE_DISPATCHER Sending and waiting for hello
message
ryu.controller.handler.CONFIG_DISPATCHER Version negotiated and sent
features-request message
ryu.controller.handler.MAIN_DISPATCHER Switch-features message
received and sent set-config
message
ryu.controller.handler.DEAD_DISPATCHER Disconnect from the peer. Or
disconnecting due to some
unrecoverable errors.
=========================================== ===============================
- 发送并等待Hello消息
- 双方通过握手消息Hello建立安全连接
- 版本协商并发送功能请求消息
- 双方建立TLS隧道后，方法发送hello消息进行版本协商
- 如果协议版本协商成功，则连接建立。否则发送Error消息描述协商失败原因，并终止连接
- 交换机特征消息接收和发送设置配置消息
- 协商完成后，控制器和交换机之间发送Features消息,获取交换机参数
- 参数包括支持的buffer数目、流表数、Actions等
- 控制器发送SET_CONFIG消息向交换机发送配置参数
- 通过GET_CONFIG消息得到交换机修改后的配置信息
- 控制器与OpenFlow交换机之间，发送PACKET_OUT和PACKET_IN消息。通过PACKET_OUT中内置的LLDP包进行网络拓扑的探测
- 控制器通过FLOW_MOD向控制器下发流表操作
- 断开与对等方的连接。或者由于一些不可恢复的错误而断开连接
（3）装饰器实现代码
def set_ev_cls(ev_cls, dispatchers=None):
def _set_ev_cls_dec(handler):
if 'callers' not in dir(handler):
handler.callers = {}
for e in _listify(ev_cls):
handler.callers[e] = _Caller(_listify(dispatchers), e.__module__)
return handler
return _set_ev_cls_dec
4. 协议解析
（1）def switch_features_handler(self,ev):自定义函数参数中ev
#get ev info:
#<ryu.controller.ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures object at 0x7f659220f668> 就是我们监听的事件类实例
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__',
'msg', 'timestamp']
（2）查看事件中的msg类信息
EVENT ofp_event->Hub EventOFPPacketIn
version=0x4,
msg_type=0xa,
msg_len=0x80,xid=0x0,
OFPPacketIn(
buffer_id=4294967295,
cookie=0,
data=b'33\xff\x9a\xd7\xb1\x1aj\xff\x9a\xd7\xb1\x86\xdd`\x00\x00\x00\x00 :\xff\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xff\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\xff\x9a\xd7\xb1\x87\x00~f\x00\x00\x00\x00\xfe\x80\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x18j\xff\xff\xfe\x9a\xd7\xb1\x0e\x01\x1c\xddV\xff\xb4\xd8',
match=OFPMatch(oxm_fields={'in_port': 2}),
reason=0,
table_id=0,
total_len=86)
msg所提供的方法和属性
'auxiliary_id', 'buf', 'capabilities', 'cls_from_jsondict_key', 'cls_msg_type',
'datapath', 'datapath_id',
'from_jsondict', 'msg_len', 'msg_type', 'n_buffers', 'n_tables',
'obj_from_jsondict', 'parser', 'serialize',
'set_buf', 'set_classes', 'set_headers', 'set_xid',
'stringify_attrs', 'to_jsondict', 'version', 'xid']
（3）获取逻辑设备datapath类信息
#<ryu.controller.controller.Datapath object at 0x7fe1560c6048>
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '_close_write', '_echo_request_loop', '_ports', '_recv_loop', '_send_loop', '_send_q_sem',
'acknowledge_echo_reply', 'address', 'close', 'echo_request_interval', 'flow_format',
'id', 'is_active', 'is_reserved_port', 'max_unreplied_echo_requests', 'ofp_brick', 'ofproto', 'ofproto_parser',
'ports', 'send',
'send_barrier', 'send_delete_all_flows', 'send_flow_del', 'send_flow_mod', 'send_msg', 'send_nxt_set_flow_format', 'send_packet_out', 'send_q',
'serve', 'set_state', 'set_version', 'set_xid', 'socket', 'state', 'supported_ofp_version', 'unreplied_echo_requests', 'xid']
（4）获取逻辑设备datapath中OpenFlow协议信息
#<module 'ryu.ofproto.ofproto_v1_3' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/ryu/ofproto/ofproto_v1_3.py'>
['DESC_STR_LEN', 'DESC_STR_LEN_STR', 'MAX_XID', 'OFPAT_COPY_TTL_IN', 'OFPAT_COPY_TTL_OUT', 'OFPAT_DEC_MPLS_TTL', 'OFPAT_DEC_NW_TTL', 'OFPAT_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPAT_GROUP', 'OFPAT_OUTPUT', 'OFPAT_POP_MPLS', 'OFPAT_POP_PBB', 'OFPAT_POP_VLAN', 'OFPAT_PUSH_MPLS', 'OFPAT_PUSH_PBB', 'OFPAT_PUSH_VLAN', 'OFPAT_SET_FIELD', 'OFPAT_SET_MPLS_TTL', 'OFPAT_SET_NW_TTL', 'OFPAT_SET_QUEUE', 'OFPBAC_BAD_ARGUMENT', 'OFPBAC_BAD_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPBAC_BAD_EXP_TYPE', 'OFPBAC_BAD_LEN', 'OFPBAC_BAD_OUT_GROUP', 'OFPBAC_BAD_OUT_PORT', 'OFPBAC_BAD_QUEUE', 'OFPBAC_BAD_SET_ARGUMENT', 'OFPBAC_BAD_SET_LEN', 'OFPBAC_BAD_SET_TYPE', 'OFPBAC_BAD_TAG', 'OFPBAC_BAD_TYPE', 'OFPBAC_EPERM', 'OFPBAC_MATCH_INCONSISTENT', 'OFPBAC_TOO_MANY', 'OFPBAC_UNSUPPORTED_ORDER', 'OFPBIC_BAD_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPBIC_BAD_EXP_TYPE', 'OFPBIC_BAD_LEN', 'OFPBIC_BAD_TABLE_ID', 'OFPBIC_EPERM', 'OFPBIC_UNKNOWN_INST', 'OFPBIC_UNSUP_INST', 'OFPBIC_UNSUP_METADATA', 'OFPBIC_UNSUP_METADATA_MASK', 'OFPBMC_BAD_DL_ADDR_MASK', 'OFPBMC_BAD_FIELD', 'OFPBMC_BAD_LEN', 'OFPBMC_BAD_MASK', 'OFPBMC_BAD_NW_ADDR_MASK', 'OFPBMC_BAD_PREREQ', 'OFPBMC_BAD_TAG', 'OFPBMC_BAD_TYPE', 'OFPBMC_BAD_VALUE', 'OFPBMC_BAD_WILDCARDS', 'OFPBMC_DUP_FIELD', 'OFPBMC_EPERM', 'OFPBRC_BAD_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPBRC_BAD_EXP_TYPE', 'OFPBRC_BAD_LEN', 'OFPBRC_BAD_MULTIPART', 'OFPBRC_BAD_PACKET', 'OFPBRC_BAD_PORT', 'OFPBRC_BAD_TABLE_ID', 'OFPBRC_BAD_TYPE', 'OFPBRC_BAD_VERSION', 'OFPBRC_BUFFER_EMPTY', 'OFPBRC_BUFFER_UNKNOWN', 'OFPBRC_EPERM', 'OFPBRC_IS_SLAVE', 'OFPBRC_MULTIPART_BUFFER_OVERFLOW', 'OFPCML_MAX', 'OFPCML_NO_BUFFER', 'OFPCR_ROLE_EQUAL', 'OFPCR_ROLE_MASTER', 'OFPCR_ROLE_NOCHANGE', 'OFPCR_ROLE_SLAVE', 'OFPC_FLOW_STATS', 'OFPC_FRAG_DROP', 'OFPC_FRAG_MASK', 'OFPC_FRAG_NORMAL', 'OFPC_FRAG_REASM', 'OFPC_GROUP_STATS', 'OFPC_IP_REASM', 'OFPC_PORT_BLOCKED', 'OFPC_PORT_STATS', 'OFPC_QUEUE_STATS', 'OFPC_TABLE_STATS', 'OFPET_BAD_ACTION', 'OFPET_BAD_INSTRUCTION', 'OFPET_BAD_MATCH', 'OFPET_BAD_REQUEST', 'OFPET_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPET_FLOW_MOD_FAILED', 'OFPET_GROUP_MOD_FAILED', 'OFPET_HELLO_FAILED', 'OFPET_METER_MOD_FAILED', 'OFPET_PORT_MOD_FAILED', 'OFPET_QUEUE_OP_FAILED', 'OFPET_ROLE_REQUEST_FAILED', 'OFPET_SWITCH_CONFIG_FAILED', 'OFPET_TABLE_FEATURES_FAILED', 'OFPET_TABLE_MOD_FAILED', 'OFPFC_ADD', 'OFPFC_DELETE', 'OFPFC_DELETE_STRICT', 'OFPFC_MODIFY', 'OFPFC_MODIFY_STRICT', 'OFPFF_CHECK_OVERLAP', 'OFPFF_NO_BYT_COUNTS', 'OFPFF_NO_PKT_COUNTS', 'OFPFF_RESET_COUNTS', 'OFPFF_SEND_FLOW_REM', 'OFPFMFC_BAD_COMMAND', 'OFPFMFC_BAD_FLAGS', 'OFPFMFC_BAD_TABLE_ID', 'OFPFMFC_BAD_TIMEOUT', 'OFPFMFC_EPERM', 'OFPFMFC_OVERLAP', 'OFPFMFC_TABLE_FULL', 'OFPFMFC_UNKNOWN', 'OFPGC_ADD', 'OFPGC_DELETE', 'OFPGC_MODIFY', 'OFPGFC_CHAINING', 'OFPGFC_CHAINING_CHECKS', 'OFPGFC_SELECT_LIVENESS', 'OFPGFC_SELECT_WEIGHT', 'OFPGMFC_BAD_BUCKET', 'OFPGMFC_BAD_COMMAND', 'OFPGMFC_BAD_TYPE', 'OFPGMFC_BAD_WATCH', 'OFPGMFC_CHAINED_GROUP', 'OFPGMFC_CHAINING_UNSUPPORTED', 'OFPGMFC_EPERM', 'OFPGMFC_GROUP_EXISTS', 'OFPGMFC_INVALID_GROUP', 'OFPGMFC_LOOP', 'OFPGMFC_OUT_OF_BUCKETS', 'OFPGMFC_OUT_OF_GROUPS', 'OFPGMFC_UNKNOWN_GROUP', 'OFPGMFC_WATCH_UNSUPPORTED', 'OFPGMFC_WEIGHT_UNSUPPORTED', 'OFPGT_ALL', 'OFPGT_FF', 'OFPGT_INDIRECT', 'OFPGT_SELECT', 'OFPG_ALL', 'OFPG_ANY', 'OFPG_MAX', 'OFPHET_VERSIONBITMAP', 'OFPHFC_EPERM', 'OFPHFC_INCOMPATIBLE', 'OFPIEH_AUTH', 'OFPIEH_DEST', 'OFPIEH_ESP', 'OFPIEH_FRAG', 'OFPIEH_HOP', 'OFPIEH_NONEXT', 'OFPIEH_ROUTER', 'OFPIEH_UNREP', 'OFPIEH_UNSEQ', 'OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS', 'OFPIT_CLEAR_ACTIONS', 'OFPIT_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPIT_GOTO_TABLE', 'OFPIT_METER', 'OFPIT_WRITE_ACTIONS', 'OFPIT_WRITE_METADATA', 'OFPMBT_DROP', 'OFPMBT_DSCP_REMARK', 'OFPMBT_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPMC_ADD', 'OFPMC_DELETE', 'OFPMC_MODIFY', 'OFPMF_BURST', 'OFPMF_KBPS', 'OFPMF_PKTPS', 'OFPMF_STATS', 'OFPMMFC_BAD_BAND', 'OFPMMFC_BAD_BAND_VALUE', 'OFPMMFC_BAD_BURST', 'OFPMMFC_BAD_COMMAND', 'OFPMMFC_BAD_FLAGS', 'OFPMMFC_BAD_RATE', 'OFPMMFC_INVALID_METER', 'OFPMMFC_METER_EXISTS', 'OFPMMFC_OUT_OF_BANDS', 'OFPMMFC_OUT_OF_METERS', 'OFPMMFC_UNKNOWN', 'OFPMMFC_UNKNOWN_METER', 'OFPMPF_REPLY_MORE', 'OFPMPF_REQ_MORE', 'OFPMP_AGGREGATE', 'OFPMP_DESC', 'OFPMP_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPMP_FLOW', 'OFPMP_GROUP', 'OFPMP_GROUP_DESC', 'OFPMP_GROUP_FEATURES', 'OFPMP_METER', 'OFPMP_METER_CONFIG', 'OFPMP_METER_FEATURES', 'OFPMP_PORT_DESC', 'OFPMP_PORT_STATS', 'OFPMP_QUEUE', 'OFPMP_TABLE', 'OFPMP_TABLE_FEATURES', 'OFPMT_OXM', 'OFPMT_STANDARD', 'OFPM_ALL', 'OFPM_CONTROLLER', 'OFPM_MAX', 'OFPM_SLOWPATH', 'OFPPC_NO_FWD', 'OFPPC_NO_PACKET_IN', 'OFPPC_NO_RECV', 'OFPPC_PORT_DOWN', 'OFPPF_100GB_FD', 'OFPPF_100MB_FD', 'OFPPF_100MB_HD', 'OFPPF_10GB_FD', 'OFPPF_10MB_FD', 'OFPPF_10MB_HD', 'OFPPF_1GB_FD', 'OFPPF_1GB_HD', 'OFPPF_1TB_FD', 'OFPPF_40GB_FD', 'OFPPF_AUTONEG', 'OFPPF_COPPER', 'OFPPF_FIBER', 'OFPPF_OTHER', 'OFPPF_PAUSE', 'OFPPF_PAUSE_ASYM', 'OFPPMFC_BAD_ADVERTISE', 'OFPPMFC_BAD_CONFIG', 'OFPPMFC_BAD_HW_ADDR', 'OFPPMFC_BAD_PORT', 'OFPPMFC_EPERM', 'OFPPR_ADD', 'OFPPR_DELETE', 'OFPPR_MODIFY', 'OFPPS_BLOCKED', 'OFPPS_LINK_DOWN', 'OFPPS_LIVE', 'OFPP_ALL', 'OFPP_ANY', 'OFPP_CONTROLLER', 'OFPP_FLOOD', 'OFPP_IN_PORT', 'OFPP_LOCAL', 'OFPP_MAX', 'OFPP_NORMAL', 'OFPP_TABLE', 'OFPQCFC_EPERM', 'OFPQOFC_BAD_PORT', 'OFPQOFC_BAD_QUEUE', 'OFPQOFC_EPERM', 'OFPQT_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPQT_MAX_RATE', 'OFPQT_MIN_RATE', 'OFPQ_ALL', 'OFPRRFC_BAD_ROLE', 'OFPRRFC_STALE', 'OFPRRFC_UNSUP', 'OFPRR_DELETE', 'OFPRR_GROUP_DELETE', 'OFPRR_HARD_TIMEOUT', 'OFPRR_IDLE_TIMEOUT', 'OFPR_ACTION', 'OFPR_INVALID_TTL', 'OFPR_NO_MATCH', 'OFPSCFC_BAD_FLAGS', 'OFPSCFC_BAD_LEN', 'OFPSCFC_EPERM', 'OFPTFFC_BAD_ARGUMENT', 'OFPTFFC_BAD_LEN', 'OFPTFFC_BAD_METADATA', 'OFPTFFC_BAD_TABLE', 'OFPTFFC_BAD_TYPE', 'OFPTFFC_EPERM', 'OFPTFPT_APPLY_ACTIONS', 'OFPTFPT_APPLY_ACTIONS_MISS', 'OFPTFPT_APPLY_SETFIELD', 'OFPTFPT_APPLY_SETFIELD_MISS', 'OFPTFPT_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPTFPT_EXPERIMENTER_MISS', 'OFPTFPT_INSTRUCTIONS', 'OFPTFPT_INSTRUCTIONS_MISS', 'OFPTFPT_MATCH', 'OFPTFPT_NEXT_TABLES', 'OFPTFPT_NEXT_TABLES_MISS', 'OFPTFPT_WILDCARDS', 'OFPTFPT_WRITE_ACTIONS', 'OFPTFPT_WRITE_ACTIONS_MISS', 'OFPTFPT_WRITE_SETFIELD', 'OFPTFPT_WRITE_SETFIELD_MISS', 'OFPTMFC_BAD_CONFIG', 'OFPTMFC_BAD_TABLE', 'OFPTMFC_EPERM', 'OFPTT_ALL', 'OFPTT_MAX', 'OFPT_BARRIER_REPLY', 'OFPT_BARRIER_REQUEST', 'OFPT_ECHO_REPLY', 'OFPT_ECHO_REQUEST', 'OFPT_ERROR', 'OFPT_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY', 'OFPT_FEATURES_REQUEST', 'OFPT_FLOW_MOD', 'OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED', 'OFPT_GET_ASYNC_REPLY', 'OFPT_GET_ASYNC_REQUEST', 'OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REPLY', 'OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST', 'OFPT_GROUP_MOD', 'OFPT_HELLO', 'OFPT_METER_MOD', 'OFPT_MULTIPART_REPLY', 'OFPT_MULTIPART_REQUEST', 'OFPT_PACKET_IN', 'OFPT_PACKET_OUT', 'OFPT_PORT_MOD', 'OFPT_PORT_STATUS', 'OFPT_QUEUE_GET_CONFIG_REPLY', 'OFPT_QUEUE_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST', 'OFPT_ROLE_REPLY', 'OFPT_ROLE_REQUEST', 'OFPT_SET_ASYNC', 'OFPT_SET_CONFIG', 'OFPT_TABLE_MOD', 'OFPVID_NONE', 'OFPVID_PRESENT', 'OFPXMC_EXPERIMENTER', 'OFPXMC_NXM_0', 'OFPXMC_NXM_1', 'OFPXMC_OPENFLOW_BASIC', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ARP_OP', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ARP_SHA', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ARP_SPA', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ARP_THA', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ARP_TPA', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ETH_DST', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ETH_SRC', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ETH_TYPE', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ICMPV4_CODE', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ICMPV4_TYPE', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ICMPV6_CODE', 'OFPXMT_OFB_ICMPV6_TYPE', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IN_PHY_PORT', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IN_PORT', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IPV4_DST', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IPV4_SRC', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IPV6_DST', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IPV6_EXTHDR', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IPV6_FLABEL', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IPV6_ND_SLL', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IPV6_ND_TARGET', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IPV6_ND_TLL', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IPV6_SRC', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IP_DSCP', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IP_ECN', 'OFPXMT_OFB_IP_PROTO', 'OFPXMT_OFB_METADATA', 'OFPXMT_OFB_MPLS_BOS', 'OFPXMT_OFB_MPLS_LABEL', 'OFPXMT_OFB_MPLS_TC', 'OFPXMT_OFB_PBB_ISID', 'OFPXMT_OFB_SCTP_DST', 'OFPXMT_OFB_SCTP_SRC', 'OFPXMT_OFB_TCP_DST', 'OFPXMT_OFB_TCP_SRC', 'OFPXMT_OFB_TUNNEL_ID', 'OFPXMT_OFB_UDP_DST', 'OFPXMT_OFB_UDP_SRC', 'OFPXMT_OFB_VLAN_PCP', 'OFPXMT_OFB_VLAN_VID', 'OFP_ACTION_EXPERIMENTER_HEADER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ACTION_EXPERIMENTER_HEADER_SIZE', 'OFP_ACTION_GROUP_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ACTION_GROUP_SIZE', 'OFP_ACTION_HEADER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ACTION_HEADER_SIZE', 'OFP_ACTION_MPLS_TTL_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ACTION_MPLS_TTL_SIZE', 'OFP_ACTION_NW_TTL_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ACTION_NW_TTL_SIZE', 'OFP_ACTION_OUTPUT_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ACTION_OUTPUT_SIZE', 'OFP_ACTION_POP_MPLS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ACTION_POP_MPLS_SIZE', 'OFP_ACTION_PUSH_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ACTION_PUSH_SIZE', 'OFP_ACTION_SET_FIELD_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ACTION_SET_FIELD_SIZE', 'OFP_ACTION_SET_QUEUE_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ACTION_SET_QUEUE_SIZE', 'OFP_AGGREGATE_STATS_REPLY_PACK_STR', 'OFP_AGGREGATE_STATS_REPLY_SIZE', 'OFP_AGGREGATE_STATS_REQUEST_0_PACK_STR', 'OFP_AGGREGATE_STATS_REQUEST_0_SIZE', 'OFP_AGGREGATE_STATS_REQUEST_PACK_STR', 'OFP_AGGREGATE_STATS_REQUEST_SIZE', 'OFP_ASYNC_CONFIG_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ASYNC_CONFIG_SIZE', 'OFP_BUCKET_COUNTER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_BUCKET_COUNTER_SIZE', 'OFP_BUCKET_PACK_STR', 'OFP_BUCKET_SIZE', 'OFP_DEFAULT_PRIORITY', 'OFP_DESC_PACK_STR', 'OFP_DESC_SIZE', 'OFP_ERROR_EXPERIMENTER_MSG_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ERROR_EXPERIMENTER_MSG_SIZE', 'OFP_ERROR_MSG_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ERROR_MSG_SIZE', 'OFP_ETH_ALEN', 'OFP_ETH_ALEN_STR', 'OFP_EXPERIMENTER_HEADER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_EXPERIMENTER_HEADER_SIZE', 'OFP_EXPERIMENTER_MULTIPART_HEADER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_EXPERIMENTER_MULTIPART_HEADER_SIZE', 'OFP_FLOW_MOD_PACK_STR', 'OFP_FLOW_MOD_PACK_STR0', 'OFP_FLOW_MOD_SIZE', 'OFP_FLOW_REMOVED_PACK_STR', 'OFP_FLOW_REMOVED_PACK_STR0', 'OFP_FLOW_REMOVED_SIZE', 'OFP_FLOW_STATS_0_PACK_STR', 'OFP_FLOW_STATS_0_SIZE', 'OFP_FLOW_STATS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_FLOW_STATS_REQUEST_0_PACK_STR', 'OFP_FLOW_STATS_REQUEST_0_SIZE', 'OFP_FLOW_STATS_REQUEST_PACK_STR', 'OFP_FLOW_STATS_REQUEST_SIZE', 'OFP_FLOW_STATS_SIZE', 'OFP_GROUP_DESC_PACK_STR', 'OFP_GROUP_DESC_SIZE', 'OFP_GROUP_DESC_STATS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_GROUP_DESC_STATS_SIZE', 'OFP_GROUP_FEATURES_PACK_STR', 'OFP_GROUP_FEATURES_SIZE', 'OFP_GROUP_MOD_PACK_STR', 'OFP_GROUP_MOD_SIZE', 'OFP_GROUP_STATS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_GROUP_STATS_REQUEST_PACK_STR', 'OFP_GROUP_STATS_REQUEST_SIZE', 'OFP_GROUP_STATS_SIZE', 'OFP_HEADER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_HEADER_SIZE', 'OFP_HELLO_ELEM_HEADER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_HELLO_ELEM_HEADER_SIZE', 'OFP_HELLO_ELEM_VERSIONBITMAP_HEADER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_HELLO_ELEM_VERSIONBITMAP_HEADER_SIZE', 'OFP_HELLO_HEADER_SIZE', 'OFP_INSTRUCTION_ACTIONS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_INSTRUCTION_ACTIONS_SIZE', 'OFP_INSTRUCTION_GOTO_TABLE_PACK_STR', 'OFP_INSTRUCTION_GOTO_TABLE_SIZE', 'OFP_INSTRUCTION_METER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_INSTRUCTION_METER_SIZE', 'OFP_INSTRUCTION_WRITE_METADATA_PACK_STR', 'OFP_INSTRUCTION_WRITE_METADATA_SIZE', 'OFP_MATCH_PACK_STR', 'OFP_MATCH_SIZE', 'OFP_MAX_PORT_NAME_LEN', 'OFP_MAX_TABLE_NAME_LEN', 'OFP_MAX_TABLE_NAME_LEN_STR', 'OFP_METER_BAND_DROP_PACK_STR', 'OFP_METER_BAND_DROP_SIZE', 'OFP_METER_BAND_DSCP_REMARK_PACK_STR', 'OFP_METER_BAND_DSCP_REMARK_SIZE', 'OFP_METER_BAND_EXPERIMENTER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_METER_BAND_EXPERIMENTER_SIZE', 'OFP_METER_BAND_HEADER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_METER_BAND_HEADER_SIZE', 'OFP_METER_BAND_STATS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_METER_BAND_STATS_SIZE', 'OFP_METER_CONFIG_PACK_STR', 'OFP_METER_CONFIG_SIZE', 'OFP_METER_FEATURES_PACK_STR', 'OFP_METER_FEATURES_SIZE', 'OFP_METER_MOD_PACK_STR', 'OFP_METER_MOD_SIZE', 'OFP_METER_MULTIPART_REQUEST_PACK_STR', 'OFP_METER_MULTIPART_REQUEST_SIZE', 'OFP_METER_STATS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_METER_STATS_SIZE', 'OFP_MULTIPART_REPLY_PACK_STR', 'OFP_MULTIPART_REPLY_SIZE', 'OFP_MULTIPART_REQUEST_PACK_STR', 'OFP_MULTIPART_REQUEST_SIZE', 'OFP_NO_BUFFER', 'OFP_OXM_EXPERIMENTER_HEADER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_OXM_EXPERIMENTER_HEADER_SIZE', 'OFP_PACKET_IN_PACK_STR', 'OFP_PACKET_IN_SIZE', 'OFP_PACKET_OUT_PACK_STR', 'OFP_PACKET_OUT_SIZE', 'OFP_PACKET_QUEUE_PACK_STR', 'OFP_PACKET_QUEUE_SIZE', 'OFP_PORT_MOD_PACK_STR', 'OFP_PORT_MOD_SIZE', 'OFP_PORT_PACK_STR', 'OFP_PORT_SIZE', 'OFP_PORT_STATS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_PORT_STATS_REQUEST_PACK_STR', 'OFP_PORT_STATS_REQUEST_SIZE', 'OFP_PORT_STATS_SIZE', 'OFP_PORT_STATUS_DESC_OFFSET', 'OFP_PORT_STATUS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_PORT_STATUS_SIZE', 'OFP_PROP_EXPERIMENTER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_PROP_EXPERIMENTER_SIZE', 'OFP_QUEUE_GET_CONFIG_REPLY_PACK_STR', 'OFP_QUEUE_GET_CONFIG_REPLY_SIZE', 'OFP_QUEUE_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST_PACK_STR', 'OFP_QUEUE_GET_CONFIG_REQUEST_SIZE', 'OFP_QUEUE_PROP_EXPERIMENTER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_QUEUE_PROP_EXPERIMENTER_SIZE', 'OFP_QUEUE_PROP_HEADER_PACK_STR', 'OFP_QUEUE_PROP_HEADER_SIZE', 'OFP_QUEUE_PROP_MAX_RATE_PACK_STR', 'OFP_QUEUE_PROP_MAX_RATE_SIZE', 'OFP_QUEUE_PROP_MIN_RATE_PACK_STR', 'OFP_QUEUE_PROP_MIN_RATE_SIZE', 'OFP_QUEUE_STATS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_QUEUE_STATS_REQUEST_PACK_STR', 'OFP_QUEUE_STATS_REQUEST_SIZE', 'OFP_QUEUE_STATS_SIZE', 'OFP_ROLE_REQUEST_PACK_STR', 'OFP_ROLE_REQUEST_SIZE', 'OFP_SWITCH_CONFIG_PACK_STR', 'OFP_SWITCH_CONFIG_SIZE', 'OFP_SWITCH_FEATURES_PACK_STR', 'OFP_SWITCH_FEATURES_SIZE', 'OFP_TABLE_FEATURES_PACK_STR', 'OFP_TABLE_FEATURES_SIZE', 'OFP_TABLE_FEATURE_PROP_ACTIONS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_TABLE_FEATURE_PROP_ACTIONS_SIZE', 'OFP_TABLE_FEATURE_PROP_INSTRUCTIONS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_TABLE_FEATURE_PROP_INSTRUCTIONS_SIZE', 'OFP_TABLE_FEATURE_PROP_NEXT_TABLES_PACK_STR', 'OFP_TABLE_FEATURE_PROP_NEXT_TABLES_SIZE', 'OFP_TABLE_FEATURE_PROP_OXM_PACK_STR', 'OFP_TABLE_FEATURE_PROP_OXM_SIZE', 'OFP_TABLE_MOD_PACK_STR', 'OFP_TABLE_MOD_SIZE', 'OFP_TABLE_STATS_PACK_STR', 'OFP_TABLE_STATS_SIZE', 'OFP_TCP_PORT', 'OFP_VERSION', 'ONFERR_DUP_INSTRUCTION', 'ONFERR_ET_ASYNC_EPERM', 'ONFERR_ET_ASYNC_INVALUD', 'ONFERR_ET_ASYNC_UNSUPPORTED', 'ONFERR_ET_BAD_FLAGS', 'ONFERR_ET_BAD_ID', 'ONFERR_ET_BAD_PRIORITY', 'ONFERR_ET_BAD_TYPE', 'ONFERR_ET_BUNDLE_CLOSED', 'ONFERR_ET_BUNDLE_EXIST', 'ONFERR_ET_BUNDLE_IN_PROGRESS', 'ONFERR_ET_CANT_SYNC', 'ONFERR_ET_EPERM', 'ONFERR_ET_FAILED', 'ONFERR_ET_MPART_REPLY_TIMEOUT', 'ONFERR_ET_MPART_REQUEST_TIMEOUT', 'ONFERR_ET_MSG_BAD_LEN', 'ONFERR_ET_MSG_BAD_XID', 'ONFERR_ET_MSG_CONFLICT', 'ONFERR_ET_MSG_TOO_MANY', 'ONFERR_ET_MSG_UNSUP', 'ONFERR_ET_OUT_OF_BUNDLES', 'ONFERR_ET_TIMEOUT', 'ONFERR_ET_UNKNOWN', 'ONFFME_ABBREV', 'ONFFME_ADDED', 'ONFFME_DELETED', 'ONFFME_MODIFIED', 'ONFFMF_ACTIONS', 'ONFFMF_ADD', 'ONFFMF_DELETE', 'ONFFMF_INITIAL', 'ONFFMF_MODIFY', 'ONFFMF_OWN', 'ONFMP_FLOW_MONITOR', 'ONFT_FLOW_MONITOR_CANCEL', 'ONFT_FLOW_MONITOR_PAUSED', 'ONFT_FLOW_MONITOR_RESUMED', 'ONF_BCT_CLOSE_REPLY', 'ONF_BCT_CLOSE_REQUEST', 'ONF_BCT_COMMIT_REPLY', 'ONF_BCT_COMMIT_REQUEST', 'ONF_BCT_DISCARD_REPLY', 'ONF_BCT_DISCARD_REQUEST', 'ONF_BCT_OPEN_REPLY', 'ONF_BCT_OPEN_REQUEST', 'ONF_BF_ATOMIC', 'ONF_BF_ORDERED', 'ONF_BUNDLE_ADD_MSG_PACK_STR', 'ONF_BUNDLE_ADD_MSG_SIZE', 'ONF_BUNDLE_CTRL_PACK_STR', 'ONF_BUNDLE_CTRL_SIZE', 'ONF_ET_BPT_EXPERIMENTER', 'ONF_ET_BUNDLE_ADD_MESSAGE', 'ONF_ET_BUNDLE_CONTROL', 'ONF_FLOW_MONITOR_REQUEST_PACK_STR', 'ONF_FLOW_MONITOR_REQUEST_SIZE', 'ONF_FLOW_UPDATE_ABBREV_PACK_STR', 'ONF_FLOW_UPDATE_ABBREV_SIZE', 'ONF_FLOW_UPDATE_FULL_PACK_STR', 'ONF_FLOW_UPDATE_FULL_SIZE', 'ONF_FLOW_UPDATE_HEADER_PACK_STR', 'ONF_FLOW_UPDATE_HEADER_SIZE', 'OXM_OF_ARP_OP', 'OXM_OF_ARP_OP_W', 'OXM_OF_ARP_SHA', 'OXM_OF_ARP_SHA_W', 'OXM_OF_ARP_SPA', 'OXM_OF_ARP_SPA_W', 'OXM_OF_ARP_THA', 'OXM_OF_ARP_THA_W', 'OXM_OF_ARP_TPA', 'OXM_OF_ARP_TPA_W', 'OXM_OF_ETH_DST', 'OXM_OF_ETH_DST_W', 'OXM_OF_ETH_SRC', 'OXM_OF_ETH_SRC_W', 'OXM_OF_ETH_TYPE', 'OXM_OF_ETH_TYPE_W', 'OXM_OF_ICMPV4_CODE', 'OXM_OF_ICMPV4_CODE_W', 'OXM_OF_ICMPV4_TYPE', 'OXM_OF_ICMPV4_TYPE_W', 'OXM_OF_ICMPV6_CODE', 'OXM_OF_ICMPV6_CODE_W', 'OXM_OF_ICMPV6_TYPE', 'OXM_OF_ICMPV6_TYPE_W', 'OXM_OF_IN_PHY_PORT', 'OXM_OF_IN_PHY_PORT_W', 'OXM_OF_IN_PORT', 'OXM_OF_IN_PORT_W', 'OXM_OF_IPV4_DST', 'OXM_OF_IPV4_DST_W', 'OXM_OF_IPV4_SRC', 'OXM_OF_IPV4_SRC_W', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_DST', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_DST_W', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_EXTHDR', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_EXTHDR_W', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_FLABEL', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_FLABEL_W', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_ND_SLL', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_ND_SLL_W', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_ND_TARGET', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_ND_TARGET_W', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_ND_TLL', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_ND_TLL_W', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_SRC', 'OXM_OF_IPV6_SRC_W', 'OXM_OF_IP_DSCP', 'OXM_OF_IP_DSCP_W', 'OXM_OF_IP_ECN', 'OXM_OF_IP_ECN_W', 'OXM_OF_IP_PROTO', 'OXM_OF_IP_PROTO_W', 'OXM_OF_METADATA', 'OXM_OF_METADATA_W', 'OXM_OF_MPLS_BOS', 'OXM_OF_MPLS_BOS_W', 'OXM_OF_MPLS_LABEL', 'OXM_OF_MPLS_LABEL_W', 'OXM_OF_MPLS_TC', 'OXM_OF_MPLS_TC_W', 'OXM_OF_PBB_ISID', 'OXM_OF_PBB_ISID_W', 'OXM_OF_SCTP_DST', 'OXM_OF_SCTP_DST_W', 'OXM_OF_SCTP_SRC', 'OXM_OF_SCTP_SRC_W', 'OXM_OF_TCP_DST', 'OXM_OF_TCP_DST_W', 'OXM_OF_TCP_SRC', 'OXM_OF_TCP_SRC_W', 'OXM_OF_TUNNEL_ID', 'OXM_OF_TUNNEL_ID_W', 'OXM_OF_UDP_DST', 'OXM_OF_UDP_DST_W', 'OXM_OF_UDP_SRC', 'OXM_OF_UDP_SRC_W', 'OXM_OF_VLAN_PCP', 'OXM_OF_VLAN_PCP_W', 'OXM_OF_VLAN_VID', 'OXM_OF_VLAN_VID_W', 'SERIAL_NUM_LEN', 'SERIAL_NUM_LEN_STR', '_OFP_AGGREGATE_STATS_REQUEST_0_PACK_STR', '_OFP_FLOW_MOD_PACK_STR0', '_OFP_FLOW_REMOVED_PACK_STR0', '_OFP_FLOW_STATS_0_PACK_STR', '_OFP_FLOW_STATS_REQUEST_0_PACK_STR', '_OFP_MATCH_PACK_STR', '_OFP_PORT_PACK_STR', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_oxm_field_desc', '_oxm_tlv_header', 'calcsize', 'nicira_ext', 'ofp_error_code_to_str', 'ofp_error_to_jsondict', 'ofp_error_type_to_str', 'ofp_msg_type_to_str', 'ofproto_utils', 'oxm_fields', 'oxm_from_jsondict', 'oxm_from_user', 'oxm_from_user_header', 'oxm_get_field_info_by_name', 'oxm_normalize_user', 'oxm_parse', 'oxm_parse_header', 'oxm_serialize', 'oxm_serialize_header', 'oxm_tlv_header', 'oxm_tlv_header_extract_hasmask', 'oxm_tlv_header_extract_length', 'oxm_tlv_header_w', 'oxm_to_jsondict', 'oxm_to_user', 'oxm_to_user_header', 'oxm_types', 'type_desc']
（5）获取逻辑设备datapath中OpenFlow协议解析信息
#<module 'ryu.ofproto.ofproto_v1_3_parser' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/ryu/ofproto/ofproto_v1_3_parser.py'>
['Flow', 'FlowWildcards', 'LOG', 'MTArpOp', 'MTArpSha', 'MTArpSpa', 'MTArpTha', 'MTArpTpa', 'MTEthDst', 'MTEthSrc', 'MTEthType', 'MTICMPV4Code', 'MTICMPV4Type', 'MTICMPV6Code', 'MTICMPV6Type', 'MTIPDscp', 'MTIPECN', 'MTIPProto', 'MTIPV4Dst', 'MTIPV4Src', 'MTIPv6', 'MTIPv6Dst', 'MTIPv6ExtHdr', 'MTIPv6Flabel', 'MTIPv6NdSll', 'MTIPv6NdTarget', 'MTIPv6NdTll', 'MTIPv6Src', 'MTInPhyPort', 'MTInPort', 'MTMetadata', 'MTMplsBos', 'MTMplsLabel', 'MTMplsTc', 'MTPbbIsid', 'MTSCTPDst', 'MTSCTPSrc', 'MTTCPDst', 'MTTCPSrc', 'MTTunnelId', 'MTUDPDst', 'MTUDPSrc', 'MTVlanPcp', 'MTVlanVid', 'MsgBase', 'NXAction', 'NXActionBundle', 'NXActionBundleLoad', 'NXActionCT', 'NXActionCTClear', 'NXActionConjunction', 'NXActionController', 'NXActionController2', 'NXActionDecMplsTtl', 'NXActionDecNshTtl', 'NXActionDecTtl', 'NXActionDecTtlCntIds', 'NXActionEncapEther', 'NXActionEncapNsh', 'NXActionExit', 'NXActionFinTimeout', 'NXActionLearn', 'NXActionMultipath', 'NXActionNAT', 'NXActionNote', 'NXActionOutputReg', 'NXActionOutputReg2', 'NXActionOutputTrunc', 'NXActionPopMpls', 'NXActionPopQueue', 'NXActionPushMpls', 'NXActionRegLoad', 'NXActionRegLoad2', 'NXActionRegMove', 'NXActionResubmit', 'NXActionResubmitTable', 'NXActionSample', 'NXActionSample2', 'NXActionSetMplsLabel', 'NXActionSetMplsTc', 'NXActionSetMplsTtl', 'NXActionSetQueue', 'NXActionSetTunnel', 'NXActionSetTunnel64', 'NXActionStackPop', 'NXActionStackPush', 'NXActionUnknown', 'NXFlowSpecLoad', 'NXFlowSpecMatch', 'NXFlowSpecOutput', 'OFPAction', 'OFPActionCopyTtlIn', 'OFPActionCopyTtlOut', 'OFPActionDecMplsTtl', 'OFPActionDecNwTtl', 'OFPActionExperimenter', 'OFPActionExperimenterUnknown', 'OFPActionGroup', 'OFPActionHeader', 'OFPActionId', 'OFPActionOutput', 'OFPActionPopMpls', 'OFPActionPopPbb', 'OFPActionPopVlan', 'OFPActionPushMpls', 'OFPActionPushPbb', 'OFPActionPushVlan', 'OFPActionSetField', 'OFPActionSetMplsTtl', 'OFPActionSetNwTtl', 'OFPActionSetQueue', 'OFPAggregateStats', 'OFPAggregateStatsReply', 'OFPAggregateStatsRequest', 'OFPBarrierReply', 'OFPBarrierRequest', 'OFPBucket', 'OFPBucketCounter', 'OFPDescStats', 'OFPDescStatsReply', 'OFPDescStatsRequest', 'OFPEchoReply', 'OFPEchoRequest', 'OFPErrorExperimenterMsg', 'OFPErrorMsg', 'OFPExperimenter', 'OFPExperimenterMultipart', 'OFPExperimenterOxmId', 'OFPExperimenterStatsReply', 'OFPExperimenterStatsRequest', 'OFPExperimenterStatsRequestBase', 'OFPFeaturesRequest', 'OFPFlowMod', 'OFPFlowRemoved', 'OFPFlowStats', 'OFPFlowStatsReply', 'OFPFlowStatsRequest', 'OFPFlowStatsRequestBase', 'OFPGetAsyncReply', 'OFPGetAsyncRequest', 'OFPGetConfigReply', 'OFPGetConfigRequest', 'OFPGroupDescStats', 'OFPGroupDescStatsReply', 'OFPGroupDescStatsRequest', 'OFPGroupFeaturesStats', 'OFPGroupFeaturesStatsReply', 'OFPGroupFeaturesStatsRequest', 'OFPGroupMod', 'OFPGroupStats', 'OFPGroupStatsReply', 'OFPGroupStatsRequest', 'OFPHello', 'OFPHelloElemVersionBitmap', 'OFPInstruction', 'OFPInstructionActions', 'OFPInstructionGotoTable', 'OFPInstructionId', 'OFPInstructionMeter', 'OFPInstructionWriteMetadata', 'OFPMatch', 'OFPMatchField', 'OFPMeterBand', 'OFPMeterBandDrop', 'OFPMeterBandDscpRemark', 'OFPMeterBandExperimenter', 'OFPMeterBandHeader', 'OFPMeterBandStats', 'OFPMeterConfigStats', 'OFPMeterConfigStatsReply', 'OFPMeterConfigStatsRequest', 'OFPMeterFeaturesStats', 'OFPMeterFeaturesStatsReply', 'OFPMeterFeaturesStatsRequest', 'OFPMeterMod', 'OFPMeterStats', 'OFPMeterStatsReply', 'OFPMeterStatsRequest', 'OFPMultipartReply', 'OFPMultipartRequest', 'OFPOxmId', 'OFPPacketIn', 'OFPPacketOut', 'OFPPacketQueue', 'OFPPort', 'OFPPortDescStatsReply', 'OFPPortDescStatsRequest', 'OFPPortMod', 'OFPPortStats', 'OFPPortStatsReply', 'OFPPortStatsRequest', 'OFPPortStatus', 'OFPPropBase', 'OFPPropCommonExperimenter4ByteData', 'OFPPropUnknown', 'OFPQueueGetConfigReply', 'OFPQueueGetConfigRequest', 'OFPQueueProp', 'OFPQueuePropExperimenter', 'OFPQueuePropHeader', 'OFPQueuePropMaxRate', 'OFPQueuePropMinRate', 'OFPQueueStats', 'OFPQueueStatsReply', 'OFPQueueStatsRequest', 'OFPRoleReply', 'OFPRoleRequest', 'OFPSetAsync', 'OFPSetConfig', 'OFPSwitchFeatures', 'OFPTableFeatureProp', 'OFPTableFeaturePropActions', 'OFPTableFeaturePropExperimenter', 'OFPTableFeaturePropInstructions', 'OFPTableFeaturePropNextTables', 'OFPTableFeaturePropOxm', 'OFPTableFeaturePropUnknown', 'OFPTableFeaturesStats', 'OFPTableFeaturesStatsReply', 'OFPTableFeaturesStatsRequest', 'OFPTableMod', 'OFPTableStats', 'OFPTableStatsReply', 'OFPTableStatsRequest', 'ONFBundleAddMsg', 'ONFBundleCtrlMsg', 'ONFFlowMonitorRequest', 'ONFFlowMonitorStatsRequest', 'StringifyMixin', 'UINT16_MAX', 'UINT32_MAX', 'UINT64_MAX', '_MSG_PARSERS', '_NXFlowSpec', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', '_register_exp_type', '_register_parser', '_set_msg_type', '_set_stats_type', 'addrconv', 'base64', 'ether', 'exception', 'logging', 'mac', 'msg_pack_into', 'msg_parser', 'nx_actions', 'ofproto', 'ofproto_common', 'ofproto_parser', 'packet', 'six', 'struct', 'utils']
（6）通过ofp_parser中获取match类匹配
OFPMatch(oxm_fields={})
['_TYPE', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__le__', '__lt__', '__module__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '_base_attributes', '_class_prefixes', '_class_suffixes', '_composed_with_old_api', '_decode_value', '_encode_value', '_fields2', '_flow', '_get_decoder', '_get_default_decoder', '_get_default_encoder', '_get_encoder', '_get_type', '_is_class', '_opt_attributes', '_restore_args', '_wc', 'append_field', 'cls_from_jsondict_key', 'fields', 'from_jsondict', 'get', 'items', 'iteritems', 'length', 'obj_from_jsondict', 'parser', 'parser_old', 'serialize', 'serialize_old', 'set_arp_opcode', 'set_arp_sha', 'set_arp_sha_masked', 'set_arp_spa', 'set_arp_spa_masked', 'set_arp_tha', 'set_arp_tha_masked', 'set_arp_tpa', 'set_arp_tpa_masked', 'set_classes', 'set_dl_dst', 'set_dl_dst_masked', 'set_dl_src', 'set_dl_src_masked', 'set_dl_type', 'set_icmpv4_code', 'set_icmpv4_type', 'set_icmpv6_code', 'set_icmpv6_type', 'set_in_phy_port', 'set_in_port', 'set_ip_dscp', 'set_ip_ecn', 'set_ip_proto', 'set_ipv4_dst', 'set_ipv4_dst_masked', 'set_ipv4_src', 'set_ipv4_src_masked', 'set_ipv6_dst', 'set_ipv6_dst_masked', 'set_ipv6_exthdr', 'set_ipv6_exthdr_masked', 'set_ipv6_flabel', 'set_ipv6_flabel_masked', 'set_ipv6_nd_sll', 'set_ipv6_nd_target', 'set_ipv6_nd_tll', 'set_ipv6_src', 'set_ipv6_src_masked', 'set_metadata', 'set_metadata_masked', 'set_mpls_bos', 'set_mpls_label', 'set_mpls_tc', 'set_pbb_isid', 'set_pbb_isid_masked', 'set_sctp_dst', 'set_sctp_src', 'set_tcp_dst', 'set_tcp_src', 'set_tunnel_id', 'set_tunnel_id_masked', 'set_udp_dst', 'set_udp_src', 'set_vlan_pcp', 'set_vlan_vid', 'set_vlan_vid_masked', 'set_vlan_vid_none', 'stringify_attrs', 'to_jsondict', 'type']
（7）通过ofp_parser中获取actions类匹配
[OFPActionOutput(len=16,max_len=65535,port=4294967293,type=0)]
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__delitem__', '__dir__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__iadd__', '__imul__', '__init__', '__init_subclass__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__reversed__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__setitem__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'append', 'clear', 'copy', 'count', 'extend', 'index', 'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
（8）match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch()中OFPMatch类协议支持的匹配方式
class OFPMatch(StringifyMixin):
"""
Flow Match Structure
This class is implementation of the flow match structure having
compose/query API.
There are new API and old API for compatibility. the old API is
supposed to be removed later.
You can define the flow match by the keyword arguments.
The following arguments are available.
================ =============== ==================================
Argument Value Description
================ =============== ==================================
in_port Integer 32bit Switch input port
in_phy_port Integer 32bit Switch physical input port
metadata Integer 64bit Metadata passed between tables
eth_dst MAC address Ethernet destination address
eth_src MAC address Ethernet source address
eth_type Integer 16bit Ethernet frame type
vlan_vid Integer 16bit VLAN id
vlan_pcp Integer 8bit VLAN priority
ip_dscp Integer 8bit IP DSCP (6 bits in ToS field)
ip_ecn Integer 8bit IP ECN (2 bits in ToS field)
ip_proto Integer 8bit IP protocol
ipv4_src IPv4 address IPv4 source address
ipv4_dst IPv4 address IPv4 destination address
tcp_src Integer 16bit TCP source port
tcp_dst Integer 16bit TCP destination port
udp_src Integer 16bit UDP source port
udp_dst Integer 16bit UDP destination port
sctp_src Integer 16bit SCTP source port
sctp_dst Integer 16bit SCTP destination port
icmpv4_type Integer 8bit ICMP type
icmpv4_code Integer 8bit ICMP code
arp_op Integer 16bit ARP opcode
arp_spa IPv4 address ARP source IPv4 address
arp_tpa IPv4 address ARP target IPv4 address
arp_sha MAC address ARP source hardware address
arp_tha MAC address ARP target hardware address
ipv6_src IPv6 address IPv6 source address
ipv6_dst IPv6 address IPv6 destination address
ipv6_flabel Integer 32bit IPv6 Flow Label
icmpv6_type Integer 8bit ICMPv6 type
icmpv6_code Integer 8bit ICMPv6 code
ipv6_nd_target IPv6 address Target address for ND
ipv6_nd_sll MAC address Source link-layer for ND
ipv6_nd_tll MAC address Target link-layer for ND
mpls_label Integer 32bit MPLS label
mpls_tc Integer 8bit MPLS TC
mpls_bos Integer 8bit MPLS BoS bit
pbb_isid Integer 24bit PBB I-SID
tunnel_id Integer 64bit Logical Port Metadata
ipv6_exthdr Integer 16bit IPv6 Extension Header pseudo-field
pbb_uca Integer 8bit PBB UCA header field
(EXT-256 Old version of ONF Extension)
tcp_flags Integer 16bit TCP flags
(EXT-109 ONF Extension)
actset_output Integer 32bit Output port from action set metadata
(EXT-233 ONF Extension)
================ =============== ==================================
Example::
>>> # compose
>>> match = parser.OFPMatch(
... in_port=1,
... eth_type=0x86dd,
... ipv6_src=('2001:db8:bd05:1d2:288a:1fc0:1:10ee',
... 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::'),
... ipv6_dst='2001:db8:bd05:1d2:288a:1fc0:1:10ee')
>>> # query
>>> if 'ipv6_src' in match:
... print match['ipv6_src']
...
('2001:db8:bd05:1d2:288a:1fc0:1:10ee', 'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::')
.. Note::
For the list of the supported Nicira experimenter matches,
please refer to :ref:`ryu.ofproto.nx_match <nx_match_structures>`.
.. Note::
For VLAN id match field, special values are defined in OpenFlow Spec.
1) Packets with and without a VLAN tag
- Example::
match = parser.OFPMatch()
- Packet Matching
====================== =====
non-VLAN-tagged MATCH
VLAN-tagged(vlan_id=3) MATCH
VLAN-tagged(vlan_id=5) MATCH
====================== =====
2) Only packets without a VLAN tag
- Example::
match = parser.OFPMatch(vlan_vid=0x0000)
- Packet Matching
====================== =====
non-VLAN-tagged MATCH
VLAN-tagged(vlan_id=3) x
VLAN-tagged(vlan_id=5) x
====================== =====
3) Only packets with a VLAN tag regardless of its value
- Example::
match = parser.OFPMatch(vlan_vid=(0x1000, 0x1000))
- Packet Matching
====================== =====
non-VLAN-tagged x
VLAN-tagged(vlan_id=3) MATCH
VLAN-tagged(vlan_id=5) MATCH
====================== =====
4) Only packets with VLAN tag and VID equal
- Example::
match = parser.OFPMatch(vlan_vid=(0x1000 | 3))
- Packet Matching
====================== =====
non-VLAN-tagged x
VLAN-tagged(vlan_id=3) MATCH
VLAN-tagged(vlan_id=5) x
====================== =====
"""
（9）out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath,buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,in_port=in_port,actions=actions,data=msg.data)
out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath,buffer_id=msg.buffer_id, in_port=in_port,actions=actions)
datapath.send_msg(out);
控制器使用此消息通过交换机发送数据包（存在控制器的消息缓存，我们需要发送给交换机，让他进行发送）—注意我们不仅要传递buffer_id还要传递data才可以实现将数据返回。
@_set_msg_type(ofproto.OFPT_PACKET_OUT)
class OFPPacketOut(MsgBase):
"""
Packet-Out message
The controller uses this message to send a packet out throught the
switch.
================ ======================================================
Attribute Description
================ ======================================================
buffer_id ID assigned by datapath (OFP_NO_BUFFER if none)
in_port Packet's input port or ``OFPP_CONTROLLER``
actions list of OpenFlow action class
data Packet data of a binary type value or
an instances of packet.Packet.
================ ======================================================
Example::
def send_packet_out(self, datapath, buffer_id, in_port):
ofp = datapath.ofproto
ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofp.OFPP_FLOOD, 0)]
req = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath, buffer_id,
in_port, actions)
datapath.send_msg(req)
"""
def __init__(self, datapath, buffer_id=None, in_port=None, actions=None,
data=None, actions_len=None):
assert in_port is not None
super(OFPPacketOut, self).__init__(datapath)
self.buffer_id = buffer_id
self.in_port = in_port
self.actions_len = 0
self.actions = actions
self.data = data
def _serialize_body(self):
self.actions_len = 0
offset = ofproto.OFP_PACKET_OUT_SIZE
for a in self.actions:
a.serialize(self.buf, offset)
offset += a.len
self.actions_len += a.len
if self.data is not None:
assert self.buffer_id == 0xffffffff
if isinstance(self.data, packet.Packet):
self.data.serialize()
self.buf += self.data.data
else:
self.buf += self.data
msg_pack_into(ofproto.OFP_PACKET_OUT_PACK_STR,
self.buf, ofproto.OFP_HEADER_SIZE,
self.buffer_id, self.in_port, self.actions_len)
@classmethod
def from_jsondict(cls, dict_, decode_string=base64.b64decode,
**additional_args):
if isinstance(dict_['data'], dict):
data = dict_.pop('data')
ins = super(OFPPacketOut, cls).from_jsondict(dict_,
decode_string,
**additional_args)
ins.data = packet.Packet.from_jsondict(data['Packet'])
dict_['data'] = data
else:
ins = super(OFPPacketOut, cls).from_jsondict(dict_,
decode_string,
**additional_args)
return ins
（10）inst = [ofp_parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,actions)]
inst = [ofp_parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,actions)]
mod = ofp_parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath,priority=priority,match=match,instructions=inst)
datapath.send_msg(mod);
此指令写入/应用/清除操作。就是说通过这个类实现我们对声明的ａｃｔｉｏｎｓ行为进行应用（应用这个动作）、还是清除（不需要这个动作了）、还是写入操作。
class OFPInstruction(StringifyMixin):
_INSTRUCTION_TYPES = {}
@staticmethod
def register_instruction_type(types):
def _register_instruction_type(cls):
for type_ in types:
OFPInstruction._INSTRUCTION_TYPES[type_] = cls
return cls
return _register_instruction_type
@classmethod
def parser(cls, buf, offset):
(type_, len_) = struct.unpack_from('!HH', buf, offset)
cls_ = cls._INSTRUCTION_TYPES.get(type_)
return cls_.parser(buf, offset)
@OFPInstruction.register_instruction_type([ofproto.OFPIT_WRITE_ACTIONS,
ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,
ofproto.OFPIT_CLEAR_ACTIONS])
class OFPInstructionActions(OFPInstruction):
"""
Actions instruction
This instruction writes/applies/clears the actions.
================ ======================================================
Attribute Description
================ ======================================================
type One of following values.
| OFPIT_WRITE_ACTIONS
| OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS
| OFPIT_CLEAR_ACTIONS
actions list of OpenFlow action class
================ ======================================================
``type`` attribute corresponds to ``type_`` parameter of __init__.
"""
def __init__(self, type_, actions=None, len_=None):
super(OFPInstructionActions, self).__init__()
self.type = type_
for a in actions:
assert isinstance(a, OFPAction)
self.actions = actions
@classmethod
def parser(cls, buf, offset):
(type_, len_) = struct.unpack_from(
ofproto.OFP_INSTRUCTION_ACTIONS_PACK_STR,
buf, offset)
offset += ofproto.OFP_INSTRUCTION_ACTIONS_SIZE
actions = []
actions_len = len_ - ofproto.OFP_INSTRUCTION_ACTIONS_SIZE
exc = None
try:
while actions_len > 0:
a = OFPAction.parser(buf, offset)
actions.append(a)
actions_len -= a.len
offset += a.len
except struct.error as e:
exc = e
inst = cls(type_, actions)
inst.len = len_
if exc is not None:
raise exception.OFPTruncatedMessage(ofpmsg=inst,
residue=buf[offset:],
original_exception=exc)
return inst
def serialize(self, buf, offset):
action_offset = offset + ofproto.OFP_INSTRUCTION_ACTIONS_SIZE
if self.actions:
for a in self.actions:
a.serialize(buf, action_offset)
action_offset += a.len
self.len = action_offset - offset
pad_len = utils.round_up(self.len, 8) - self.len
msg_pack_into("%dx" % pad_len, buf, action_offset)
self.len += pad_len
msg_pack_into(ofproto.OFP_INSTRUCTION_ACTIONS_PACK_STR,
buf, offset, self.type, self.len)
（11）mod = ofp_parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath,priority=priority,match=match,instructions=inst); 修改流表项消息 控制器发送此消息以修改流表。
@_register_parser
@_set_msg_type(ofproto.OFPT_FLOW_MOD)
class OFPFlowMod(MsgBase):
"""
Modify Flow entry message
The controller sends this message to modify the flow table.
================ ======================================================
Attribute Description
================ ======================================================
cookie Opaque controller-issued identifier
cookie_mask Mask used to restrict the cookie bits that must match
when the command is ``OPFFC_MODIFY*`` or
``OFPFC_DELETE*``
table_id ID of the table to put the flow in
command One of the following values.
| OFPFC_ADD
| OFPFC_MODIFY
| OFPFC_MODIFY_STRICT
| OFPFC_DELETE
| OFPFC_DELETE_STRICT
idle_timeout Idle time before discarding (seconds)
hard_timeout Max time before discarding (seconds)
priority Priority level of flow entry
buffer_id Buffered packet to apply to (or OFP_NO_BUFFER)
out_port For ``OFPFC_DELETE*`` commands, require matching
entries to include this as an output port
out_group For ``OFPFC_DELETE*`` commands, require matching
entries to include this as an output group
flags Bitmap of the following flags.
| OFPFF_SEND_FLOW_REM
| OFPFF_CHECK_OVERLAP
| OFPFF_RESET_COUNTS
| OFPFF_NO_PKT_COUNTS
| OFPFF_NO_BYT_COUNTS
match Instance of ``OFPMatch``
instructions list of ``OFPInstruction*`` instance
================ ======================================================
Example::
def send_flow_mod(self, datapath):
ofp = datapath.ofproto
ofp_parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
cookie = cookie_mask = 0
table_id = 0
idle_timeout = hard_timeout = 0
priority = 32768
buffer_id = ofp.OFP_NO_BUFFER
match = ofp_parser.OFPMatch(in_port=1, eth_dst='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff')
actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofp.OFPP_NORMAL, 0)]
inst = [ofp_parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofp.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,
actions)]
req = ofp_parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath, cookie, cookie_mask,
table_id, ofp.OFPFC_ADD,
idle_timeout, hard_timeout,
priority, buffer_id,
ofp.OFPP_ANY, ofp.OFPG_ANY,
ofp.OFPFF_SEND_FLOW_REM,
match, inst)
datapath.send_msg(req)
"""
def __init__(self, datapath, cookie=0, cookie_mask=0, table_id=0,
command=ofproto.OFPFC_ADD,
idle_timeout=0, hard_timeout=0,
priority=ofproto.OFP_DEFAULT_PRIORITY,
buffer_id=ofproto.OFP_NO_BUFFER,
out_port=0, out_group=0, flags=0,
match=None,
instructions=None):
instructions = instructions if instructions else []
super(OFPFlowMod, self).__init__(datapath)
self.cookie = cookie
self.cookie_mask = cookie_mask
self.table_id = table_id
self.command = command
self.idle_timeout = idle_timeout
self.hard_timeout = hard_timeout
self.priority = priority
self.buffer_id = buffer_id
self.out_port = out_port
self.out_group = out_group
self.flags = flags
if match is None:
match = OFPMatch()
assert isinstance(match, OFPMatch)
self.match = match
for i in instructions:
assert isinstance(i, OFPInstruction)
self.instructions = instructions
def _serialize_body(self):
msg_pack_into(ofproto.OFP_FLOW_MOD_PACK_STR0, self.buf,
ofproto.OFP_HEADER_SIZE,
self.cookie, self.cookie_mask, self.table_id,
self.command, self.idle_timeout, self.hard_timeout,
self.priority, self.buffer_id, self.out_port,
self.out_group, self.flags)
offset = (ofproto.OFP_FLOW_MOD_SIZE -
ofproto.OFP_MATCH_SIZE)
match_len = self.match.serialize(self.buf, offset)
offset += match_len
for inst in self.instructions:
inst.serialize(self.buf, offset)
offset += inst.len
@classmethod
def parser(cls, datapath, version, msg_type, msg_len, xid, buf):
msg = super(OFPFlowMod, cls).parser(
datapath, version, msg_type, msg_len, xid, buf)
(msg.cookie, msg.cookie_mask, msg.table_id,
msg.command, msg.idle_timeout, msg.hard_timeout,
msg.priority, msg.buffer_id, msg.out_port,
msg.out_group, msg.flags) = struct.unpack_from(
ofproto.OFP_FLOW_MOD_PACK_STR0, msg.buf,
ofproto.OFP_HEADER_SIZE)
offset = ofproto.OFP_FLOW_MOD_SIZE - ofproto.OFP_HEADER_SIZE
try:
msg.match = OFPMatch.parser(buf, offset)
except exception.OFPTruncatedMessage as e:
msg.match = e.ofpmsg
e.ofpmsg = msg
raise e
offset += utils.round_up(msg.match.length, 8)
instructions = []
try:
while offset < msg_len:
i = OFPInstruction.parser(buf, offset)
instructions.append(i)
offset += i.len
except exception.OFPTruncatedMessage as e:
instructions.append(e.ofpmsg)
msg.instructions = instructions
e.ofpmsg = msg
raise e
except struct.error as e:
msg.instructions = instructions
raise exception.OFPTruncatedMessage(ofpmsg=msg,
residue=buf[offset:],
original_exception=e)
msg.instructions = instructions
return msg
（12）actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]－－－此操作表示将数据包输出到交换机端口
@OFPAction.register_action_type(ofproto.OFPAT_OUTPUT,
ofproto.OFP_ACTION_OUTPUT_SIZE)
class OFPActionOutput(OFPAction):
"""
Output action
This action indicates output a packet to the switch port.
================ ======================================================
Attribute Description
================ ======================================================
port Output port
max_len Max length to send to controller
================ ======================================================
"""
def __init__(self, port, max_len=ofproto.OFPCML_MAX,
type_=None, len_=None):
super(OFPActionOutput, self).__init__()
self.port = port
self.max_len = max_len
@classmethod
def parser(cls, buf, offset):
type_, len_, port, max_len = struct.unpack_from(
ofproto.OFP_ACTION_OUTPUT_PACK_STR, buf, offset)
return cls(port, max_len)
def serialize(self, buf, offset):
msg_pack_into(ofproto.OFP_ACTION_OUTPUT_PACK_STR, buf,
offset, self.type, self.len, self.port, self.max_len)
（13）ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER 一个输出端口，一个是数据包最大长度
#<module 'ryu.ofproto.ofproto_v1_3' from '/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/ryu/ofproto/ofproto_v1_3.py'>
# enum ofp_port_no
OFPP_MAX = 0xffffff00
OFPP_IN_PORT = 0xfffffff8 # Send the packet out the input port. This
# virtual port must be explicitly used
# in order to send back out of the input
# port.
OFPP_TABLE = 0xfffffff9 # Perform actions in flow table.
# NB: This can only be the destination
# port for packet-out messages.
OFPP_NORMAL = 0xfffffffa # Process with normal L2/L3 switching.
OFPP_FLOOD = 0xfffffffb # All physical ports except input port and
# those disabled by STP.
OFPP_ALL = 0xfffffffc # All physical ports except input port.
OFPP_CONTROLLER = 0xfffffffd # Send to controller. 这是让交换机将数据包发送给控制器《重点》
OFPP_LOCAL = 0xfffffffe # Local openflow "port".
OFPP_ANY = 0xffffffff # Not associated with a physical port.
actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)] 流表项动作表示将数据包发送给控制器
# enum ofp_controller_max_len
OFPCML_MAX = 0xffe5 # maximum max_len value which can be used to 可用于请求特定字节长度的最大Max值。（是向控制器请求的最大数据长度）
# request a specific byte length.
OFPCML_NO_BUFFER = 0xffff # indicates that no buffering should be 指示不应应用缓冲，并且将整个数据包发送到控制器
# applied and the whole packet is to be
# sent to the controller.
（14）@set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures,CONFIG_DISPATCHER)中的事件，由ofp_event下面的代码动态生成
NAME = 'ofp_event'
class EventOFPMsgBase(event.EventBase):
"""
The base class of OpenFlow event class.
OpenFlow event classes have at least the following attributes.
.. tabularcolumns:: |l|L|
============ ==============================================================
Attribute Description
============ ==============================================================
msg An object which describes the corresponding OpenFlow message.
msg.datapath A ryu.controller.controller.Datapath instance
which describes an OpenFlow switch from which we received
this OpenFlow message.
timestamp Timestamp when Datapath instance generated this event.
============ ==============================================================
The msg object has some more additional members whose values are extracted
from the original OpenFlow message.
"""
def __init__(self, msg):
self.timestamp = time.time()
super(EventOFPMsgBase, self).__init__()
self.msg = msg
#
# Create ofp_event type corresponding to OFP Msg
#
_OFP_MSG_EVENTS = {}
def _ofp_msg_name_to_ev_name(msg_name):
return 'Event' + msg_name
def ofp_msg_to_ev(msg):
return ofp_msg_to_ev_cls(msg.__class__)(msg)
def ofp_msg_to_ev_cls(msg_cls):
name = _ofp_msg_name_to_ev_name(msg_cls.__name__)
return _OFP_MSG_EVENTS[name]
def _create_ofp_msg_ev_class(msg_cls):
name = _ofp_msg_name_to_ev_name(msg_cls.__name__)
# print 'creating ofp_event %s' % name
if name in _OFP_MSG_EVENTS:
return
cls = type(name, (EventOFPMsgBase,),
dict(__init__=lambda self, msg:
super(self.__class__, self).__init__(msg)))
globals()[name] = cls
_OFP_MSG_EVENTS[name] = cls
def _create_ofp_msg_ev_from_module(ofp_parser):
# print mod
for _k, cls in inspect.getmembers(ofp_parser, inspect.isclass):
if not hasattr(cls, 'cls_msg_type'):
continue
_create_ofp_msg_ev_class(cls)
for ofp_mods in ofproto.get_ofp_modules().values():
ofp_parser = ofp_mods[1]
# print 'loading module %s' % ofp_parser
_create_ofp_msg_ev_from_module(ofp_parser)
参考：
- 山上有风景：Ryu应用开发https://www.cnblogs.com/ssyfj/p/11731565.html
- Ryu基础整理：https://blog.csdn.net/Neo233/article/details/79933849
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