C++学习小记 const成员函数

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;


class Person{
private:
    string name;
    bool gender;
    int age;
public:
    Person(string name_ ,bool gender_, int age_){
        name = name_;
        gender = gender_;
        age = age_;
        cout << name << "出生" <<endl;
    }
    ~Person(){
        cout<< name << "挂了" << endl;
    }
    
    Person(){
        cout << "Person()" << endl;
    }

    Person(string name_){
        name = name_;
    }

    Person(int age_){
        age = age_;
    }

    /*拷贝构造函数*/
    Person(const Person& that){
        name = that.name;
        gender = that.gender;
        age = that.age;
        cout << "copy" << endl;
    }
    void show(){
        cout << "My name is " << name << endl;
        cout << "I is " << (gender ? "man" : "women") << endl;
        cout << "My age is " << age << endl;

    }

    string getName()const{//加const代表代码实现中没有改变成员
        //只调用const成员函数
        //如setName();则错误
        cout << "getName()const" << endl;
        return name;
    }

    string getName(){//有无const也可以重载函数
    	cout << "getName()" << endl;
        return name;
    }
    void setName(string Name)
    {
        name = Name;
    }
};

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
    const Person ps("tom",true,18);//ps只能使用const成员函数
    cout << "name :" << ps.getName() << endl;//这里调用getName()const

    Person ps2("tony",true,22);//ps2优先使用非const成员函数
    cout << "name :" << ps1.getName() << endl;
    return 0;
}