spring中bean的自动装配
简介
为了解决bean每次都配置的那么麻烦,spring提供了一个自动装配的功能,个人感觉功能有一些鸡肋
讲解
假设我们有一个User类,然后里面有两个属性分别是名字和地址
User:
package com.zhouning.spring.beans;
public class User {
private String name;
private Address address;
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public User() {}
public User(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", address=" + address +
'}';
}
}
Address:
package com.zhouning.spring.beans;
public class Address {
String addr;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"addr='" + addr + '\'' +
'}';
}
public void setAddr(String addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
public Address() {
}
public Address(String addr) {
this.addr = addr;
}
}
三种方法:
-
byName
根据名称(set方法)去查找对应的bean,如果有则装配
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="address" class="com.zhouning.spring.beans.Address" > <property name="addr" value="武汉"></property> </bean> <bean id="user" class="com.zhouning.spring.beans.User" autowire="byName"> <property name="name" value="张三"></property> </bean> </beans>
对应着User里面的
public void setAddr(String addr)
-
byType
更加类型进行自动装配,不需要管bean的id,但是一种类型的bean只能有一个,不然会报错。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="address" class="com.zhouning.spring.beans.Address" > <property name="addr" value="武汉"></property> </bean> <bean id="user" class="com.zhouning.spring.beans.User" autowire="byType"> <property name="name" value="张三"></property> </bean> </beans>
对应着User里面的
public void setAddr(String addr)
-
constructor
当构造器实例化时,进行自动装配,需要有对应的构造函数
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="address" class="com.zhouning.spring.beans.Address" > <property name="addr" value="武汉"></property> </bean> <bean id="user" class="com.zhouning.spring.beans.User" autowire="constructor"> <property name="name" value="张三"></property> </bean> </beans>
对应着User里面的
public User(Address address)
总结
bean在xml中的自动注入都是通过这种方法,但是感觉不是很常用。