python和django操作redis

参考python操作redis（单机、集群、哨兵）

一、安装

1、单机和哨兵，使用的是redis模块，所以下载redis即可，使用pip或者pip3命令来安装。

pip3 install redis

2、集群需要用到rediscluster模块，采用以下命令安装redis-py-cluster即可，最好指定版本

pip3 install redis-py-cluster=1.3.6

二、连接和使用

1、redis单机连接

import redis


conn = redis.StrictRedis(connection_pool=redis.ConnectionPool(
			host="192.168.233.1", port="6379", password=""
		))

# string类型的写入读取
conn.set("key_name", "value")
conn.get("key_name")

# 列表类型的读取写入
conn.lpush("key_name", "value1", "value2",...)
conn.lrange("key_name", 0, -1) # 列出key_name下的所有值

2、redis哨兵连接

from redis.sentinel import Sentinel


sentinel_list = [
			("192.168.233.1", "26379"),
			("192.168.233.2", "26379"),
			("192.168.233.3", "26379")
		]
mySentinel = Sentinel(sentinel_list)
master = mySentinel.master_for("mymaster", db=0)
slave = mySentinel.slave_for("mymaster", db=0)


# 使用master进行写的操作，使用slave进行读的操作
master.hset("key_name", "filed", "value")
slave.hget("key_name", "filed")
slave.hgetall("key_name")

3、redis集群连接

from rediscluster import StrictRedisCluster



cluster_nodes = [{"host": "192.168.233.1", "port": "9001"},
                 {"host": "192.168.233.1", "port": "9002"},
                 {"host": "192.168.233.1", "port": "9003"},
                 {"host": "192.168.233.2", "port": "9004"},
                 {"host": "192.168.233.2", "port": "9005"},
                 {"host": "192.168.233.2", "port": "9006"}]
password = "root"
conn = StrictRedisCluster(
			startup_nodes=cluster_nodes,
			decode_response=True,
			password=password,
			max_connection=300
		)

# 写入值，获取值
conn.set("key_name", "value")
conn.get("key_name")

三、Django使用redis

1、setting文件内进行连接配置

直连redis的配置

# redis配置
CACHES = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
            "CONNECTION_POOL_KWARGS": {"max_connections": 100}
            # "PASSWORD": "123",
        }
    }
}

使用sentinel的配置

# settings.py
# django-sentinel==0.1.0
LOCATION = "mymaster/192.168.1.1:26379,192.168.1.2:26379,192.168.1.3:26379/1"
REDIS_PASSWORD = "mypassword"
CACHES = {
    "default": {
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": LOCATION,
        "OPTIONS": {
            "PASSWORD": REDIS_PASSWORD,
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_sentinel.SentinelClient",
            "CONNECTION_POOL_KWARGS": {"max_connections": 100}
        }
    }
}

2、导入模块，视图函数使用

from django_redis import get_redis_connection
 
conn = get_redis_connection('default')
print(conn.hgetall('xxx'))

四、redis的操作

redis有五种数据类型：string, set, list, hash, sorted set
常用的操作有：增加，查询，删除

以下是python中，使用redis连接后的操作，其中conn即为上边的单机、集群、哨兵的连接：

1、string字符串

# 增加\查询\删除
conn.set(key, value)
conn.get(key)
conn.delete(key)

2、set集合

# 增加\查询\删除
conn.sadd(key, value1, value2...)
conn.smembers(key)
conn.delete(key)

3、list列表

# 增加\查询\删除
conn.lpush(key, value1, value2,...)
conn.lrange(key, start, end)  # 比如列出所有conn.lrange("key_name", 0, -1)
conn.delete(key)

4、hash哈希

# 增加\查询\删除
conn.hset(key, field, value)
conn.hget(key, filed)
conn.hgetall(key)
conn.delete(key)

5、sorted set有序集合

# 增加\查询\删除
# 注意：有序集合键值对是与redis中操作相反的，redis中：zadd key score value
# python中，分值对应的是字典中的值
conn.zadd(key, {value1: score1, value2: score2}) 
conn.zrange(key, start, end)
conn.delete(key)